[MySql]索引的一些技巧
一、多表子从查询
多表查询时,子查询可能会出现触发不了索引的情况
SELECT * FROM test_1 WHERE id in (SELECT id FROM test_publish WHERE id in (38,69));
上面语句,test_1和test_public都WHERE了主键id,常理来说这个查询不存在问题,事实上主语句并不会触发索引,只有子语句触发了索引
id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | extra |
1 | SIMPLE | test_1 | ALL | 5 | Using where | ||||
1 | SIMPLE | test_publish | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | test.test_1.id | 1 | Using where |
这个时候可以把语句分拆成两个单独的语句去查询,或者关联表
SELECT * FROM test_1 LEFT JOIN test_publish ON test_1.id = test_publish.id WHERE test_publish.id in (38,69);
id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | extra |
1 | SIMPLE | test_1 | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | 2 | Using where | |
1 | SIMPLE | test_publish | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | test.test_1.id | 1 | Using where |
二、手动强制索引和忽略索引
1、mysql强制使用索引:force index(索引名或者主键PRI)
例如:
select * from table force index(PRI) limit 2;(强制使用主键)
select * from table force index(ziduan1_index) limit 2;(强制使用索引"ziduan1_index")
select * from table force index(PRI,ziduan1_index) limit 2;(强制使用索引"PRI和ziduan1_index")
2、mysql禁止某个索引:ignore index(索引名或者主键PRI)
例如:
select * from table ignore index(PRI) limit 2;(禁止使用主键)
select * from table ignore index(ziduan1_index) limit 2;(禁止使用索引"ziduan1_index")
select * from table ignore index(PRI,ziduan1_index) limit 2;(禁止使用索引"PRI,ziduan1_index")