Netty - 入门

Netty - 入门

1. Netty开发环境的搭建

使用maven构建项目:

<dependency>
  <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
  <artifactId>netty</artifactId>
  <version>3.9.4.Final</version>
</dependency>

2. Time程序的开发

2.1. TimeServer开发

TimeServer:

public class TimeServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 8080;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                //
            }
        }
        new TimeServer().bind(port);
    }

    private void bind(int port) {
        //配置服务端的NIO线程组
        /*
        Reactor线程组
        bossGroup: 服务端接受客户端连接
        workerGroup: 进行SocketChannel的网络读写
         */
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            //ServerBootstarp: 用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
            /*
            创建的Channel伪NioServerSocketChannel
            对应JDK NIO中的ServerSocketChannel
             */
            b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
            b.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
            //IO事件处理类
            b.childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
            //绑定端口,同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
            //等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

        @Override
        public void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
            socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler());
        }
    }

}

TimeServerHandler:

public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //将消息发送队列中的消息写入到SocketChannel中发送给对方
        /**
         * 调用write()方法只是把待发送的消息放到发送缓冲数组中,
         * 调用flush()方法,将发送缓冲区中的消息全部写到SocketChannel中
         */
        ctx.flush();
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        /*
        ByteBuf类似JDK中的java.nio.ByteBuffer
        ByteBuf.readableBytes: 获取缓冲区可读的字节数
        ByteBuf.readBytes: 将缓冲区的字节数组复制到新建的byte数组中
         */
        //将msg转换为Netty的ByteBuf对象
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        //创建一个字节数组
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        //将buf中的内容复制到字节数组
        buf.readBytes(req);
        //转换为字符串,获取到请求消息
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("The time server receive order: " + body);
        String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER";
        //创建应答消息
        ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes());
        //异步发送应答消息给客户端
        ctx.write(resp);
    }
}

2.2. TimeClient开发

TimeClient:

public class TimeClient {

    public void connect(int port, String host) throws Exception{
        //配置客户端NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group);
            b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
            b.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);
            b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
                }
            });
            //发起异步连接请求
            ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
            //等待客户端链路关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0){
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            }catch (NumberFormatException e){
                // 采用默认值
            }
        }
        new TimeClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1");
    }

}

TimeClientHandler:

public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    private final ByteBuf firstMessage;

    public TimeClientHandler() {
        byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes();
        firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length);
        firstMessage.writeBytes(req);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
        byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
        buf.readBytes(req);
        String body = new String(req, "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("Now is: " + body);
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //释放资源
        System.out.println("Unexpected exception from downstram: " + cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }
}

3. 总结

  • Server端

    1. 创建一个Reactor线程组

      EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
      EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
      
    2. 创建一个用于启动NIO服务的辅助启动类

      ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
      
    3. 设置参数

      // 设置主从“线程池”
      b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
      // 指定Channel通道的类型
      b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
      // 设置一些参数
      b.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
      // 设置子通道SocketChannel的处理类
      b.childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler());
      
    4. 绑定并监听某个端口

      ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
      
    5. 端口关闭,服务停止

      f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
      
  • Client端

    1. 创建一个Reactor线程组

      EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
      
    2. 创建一个辅助启动类实例

      Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
      
    3. 设置参数

      //初始化线程池
      b.group(group);
      //指定Channel通道的类型
      b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
      //设置一些参数
      b.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true);
      //设置SocketChannel的处理器
      b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
      	@Override
      	protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
      		ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler());
      	}
      });
      
    4. 发起一个异步连接请求,连接指定的服务地址

      ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
      
    5. 端口关闭,服务停止

      f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
      

从上面的一些分析可以看出,服务端和客户端最基础的配置都是5个步骤。先创建一个线程组EventLoopGroup和辅助启动类(服务端为ServerBootstrap,客户端为Bootstrap),接着设置一系列的参数:线程池、通道类型、通道参数、处理器等,最后启动服务,服务端为bind()监听,客户端为connect()连接。

具体的处理类需要继承ChannelHandlerAdapter,这里存在一个问题,《Netty权威指南》第2版使用的Netty版本为5.x,但现在已经废弃,所以使用的是4.x的版本。书中原来继承的是ChannelHandlerAdapter,在4.x的版本中这个接口并没有channelRead方法,所以用channelInboundHandlerAdapter代替。

TimeClientHandler中,当客户端和服务端TCP链路建立成功后,NIO线程会调用channelActive方法,发送内容给服务端。当服务端返回应答消息时,会调用channelRead方法。

channelRead中,用到了一个很重要的Netty中的类:ByteBuf。ByteBuf是一个很好的经过优化的数据容器。ByteBuf有两部分:一个用于读,一个用于写。我们可以按顺序读取数据,并且可以跳到开始再读一遍。具体的内容可以参考这个博文:Netty 缓存buffer介绍及使用

posted @ 2018-12-19 11:02  Yisany  阅读(158)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报