iOS开发UI篇—从代码的逐步优化看MVC
iOS开发UI篇—从代码的逐步优化看MVC
一、要求
要求完成下面一个小的应用程序。
二、一步步对代码进行优化
注意:在开发过程中,优化的过程是一步一步进行的。(如果一个人要吃五个包子才能吃饱,那么他是否直接吃第五个,前面四个不用吃就饱了?)
1.完成基本要求的代码(使用了字典转模型和xib连线)
(1)文件结构
(2)主要代码
字典转模型部分:
YYappInfo.h头文件
// // YYappInfo.h // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface YYappInfo : NSObject @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name; @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *icon; @property(nonatomic,strong,readonly)UIImage *img; -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; /**工厂方法*/ +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; @end
YYappInfo.m文件
// // YYappInfo.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYappInfo.h" @interface YYappInfo() { UIImage *_img; } @end @implementation YYappInfo -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict { if (self=[super init]) { self.name=dict[@"name"]; self.icon=dict[@"icon"]; } return self; } +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict { return [[self alloc]initWithDict:dict]; } -(UIImage *)img { _img=[UIImage imageNamed:self.icon]; return _img; } @end
xib部分(YYappInfoView.h文件):
注:(xib视图和YYappInfoView进行了关联,三个属性均进行了连线)
// // YYappInfoView.h // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface YYappInfoView : UIView @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *appInfoViewimg; @property (strong ,nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *appInfoViewlab; @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *appInfoViewbtn; @end
主要功能实现部分:
YYViewController.m文件
// // YYViewController.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYViewController.h" #import "YYappInfo.h" #import "YYappInfoView.h" @interface YYViewController () @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; @end //开发思路 //1.加载plist文件(字典转模型提供接口) //2.使用xib文件完成单个的view //3.计算坐标,使用for循环把view展现到界面上 //4.优化代码 @implementation YYViewController //get方法,懒加载 -(NSArray *)apps { if (!_apps) { NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; } _apps = appinfoarray; } return _apps; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSLog(@"%d",self.apps.count); int totalloc = 3; CGFloat appviewW = 80; CGFloat appviewH = 90; CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); int count=self.apps.count; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { int row = i/totalloc; int loc = i%totalloc; CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; //拿出xib中的数据 NSArray *arryM=[[NSBundle mainBundle]loadNibNamed:@"appInfoxib" owner:nil options:nil]; YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[arryM firstObject]; //设置位置 appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); //设置值 appinfoview.appInfoViewimg.image=appinfo.img; appinfoview.appInfoViewlab.text=appinfo.name; //添加到视图 appinfoview.appInfoViewbtn.tag=i; [appinfoview.appInfoViewbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; } } -(void)Click:(UIButton *)btn { btn.enabled=NO; YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[btn.tag]; UILabel *lab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 450, 200, 20)]; [lab setBackgroundColor:[UIColor lightGrayColor]]; [lab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter]; [lab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@成功下载",appinfo.name]]; [self.view addSubview:lab]; lab.alpha=1.0; [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{ lab.alpha=0; }completion:^(BOOL finished) { [lab removeFromSuperview]; }]; } @end
2.对1进行优化(把数据呈现部分封装到视图)
说明:在1的基础上寻找还会有那些可以优化的部分
1)改进思路:
(1)1中主文件的66~67行对控件属性的设置能否拿到视图中进行?
(2)1中61~62行是从xib文件中读取信息的操作,且和主控制器没有什么太大的关联,能否把它也封装到视图中进行?
(3)当上述两个步骤完成后,主文件69行以后的按钮操作和按钮单击事件就显得很突兀,放在主控制器中已经不再合适,是否可以把它放到视图中进行处理
2)按照上述思路优化后的代码如下:
优化视图,在视图部分之对外提供一个接口,把数据的处理封装在内部
YYappInfoView.h文件代码:
// // YYappInfoView.h // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @class YYappInfo; @interface YYappInfoView : UIView //读取 //+(instancetype)appInfoView; //只对外开放一个数据接口 +(instancetype)appInfoViewWithappInfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfo; @end
YYappInfoView.m文件代码
说明:该文件中的属性和click等均已做了连线的操作。
// // YYappInfoView.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYappInfoView.h" #import "YYappInfo.h" //私有扩展,把属性拿进来 @interface YYappInfoView () @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *appInfoViewimg; @property (strong ,nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *appInfoViewlab; @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *appInfoViewbtn; @property(strong,nonatomic)YYappInfo *appinfo; @end @implementation YYappInfoView +(instancetype)appInfoView { NSArray *arryM=[[NSBundle mainBundle]loadNibNamed:@"appInfoxib" owner:nil options:nil]; YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[arryM firstObject]; return appinfoview; } +(instancetype)appInfoViewWithappInfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfo { YYappInfoView *appInfoView=[self appInfoView]; appInfoView.appinfo=appinfo; return appInfoView; } -(void)setAppinfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfoc { //这里一定要记录变化 _appinfo=appinfoc; self.appInfoViewimg.image=appinfoc.img; self.appInfoViewlab.text=appinfoc.name; } - (IBAction)Click { self.appInfoViewbtn.enabled=NO; //YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[]; YYappInfo *appinfo=self.appinfo; UILabel *lab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 450, 200, 20)]; [lab setBackgroundColor:[UIColor lightGrayColor]]; [lab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter]; [lab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@成功下载",appinfo.name]]; //把lab添加到父视图(即view中) [self.superview addSubview:lab]; lab.alpha=1.0; [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{ lab.alpha=0; }completion:^(BOOL finished) { [lab removeFromSuperview]; }]; } @end
优化后的主控制器部分
YYViewController.m文件代码
// // YYViewController.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYViewController.h" #import "YYappInfo.h" #import "YYappInfoView.h" @interface YYViewController () @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; @end @implementation YYViewController -(NSArray *)apps { if (!_apps) { NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; } _apps = appinfoarray; } return _apps; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSLog(@"%d",self.apps.count); int totalloc = 3; CGFloat appviewW = 80; CGFloat appviewH = 90; CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); int count=self.apps.count; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { int row = i/totalloc; int loc = i%totalloc; CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; /*思路: 要达到的效果 appinfoview.appinfo=appinfo; 优化后即变成 appinfoview.appinfo=self.apps[i]; 要进行上面代码的操作,需要在视图中新增加一个appinfo类的属性,这样数据——》视图的转换即可以不需要在主控制器中完成,让程序结构一目了然 */ YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[YYappInfoView appInfoViewWithappInfo:appinfo]; //设置位置 appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); //添加 [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; } } @end
3.对2进一步优化(把数据处理部分拿到模型中去进行)
(1)思路:把字典转模型部分的数据处理操作,拿到模型中去处理,这样外界不需要再关心数据处理的内部细节。
(2)优化后的代码如下
YYappInfo.h文件中向外开放一个接口,返回一个处理好的数组。
// // YYappInfo.h // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface YYappInfo : NSObject @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name; @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *icon; @property(nonatomic,strong)UIImage *img; -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; /**工厂方法*/ +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; +(NSArray *)appinfoarray; @end
YYappInfo.m文件中的数据处理
// // YYappInfo.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYappInfo.h" @interface YYappInfo() @end @implementation YYappInfo -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict { if (self=[super init]) { self.name=dict[@"name"]; self.icon=dict[@"icon"]; } return self; } +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict { return [[self alloc]initWithDict:dict]; } -(UIImage *)img { _img=[UIImage imageNamed:self.icon]; return _img; } //把数据处理部分拿到模型中来处理 +(NSArray *)appinfoarray { NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; } return appinfoarray; } @end
主控制器中不再需要关心数据处理的内部细节
YYViewController.m文件现在只是负责模型和视图之间的协调工作了,怎么样?差不多了吧。
// // YYViewController.m // 12-视图改进(1) // // Created by apple on 14-5-25. // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. // #import "YYViewController.h" #import "YYappInfo.h" #import "YYappInfoView.h" @interface YYViewController () @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; @end @implementation YYViewController -(NSArray *)apps { if (!_apps) { _apps=[YYappInfo appinfoarray]; } return _apps; } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; int totalloc = 3; CGFloat appviewW = 80; CGFloat appviewH = 90; CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); int count=self.apps.count; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { int row = i/totalloc; int loc = i%totalloc; CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[YYappInfoView appInfoViewWithappInfo:appinfo]; appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; } } @end
实现效果:
4.补充说明
View的封装思路
(1) 如果一个view内部的子控件比较多,一般会考虑自定义一个view,把它内部子控件的创建屏蔽起来,不让外界关心
(2) 外界可以传入对应的模型数据给view,view拿到模型数据后给内部的子控件设置对应的数据
三、mvc机制简单说明
说明:
(1)在开发过程中,作为控制器处理的量级应该很轻,不该操心的不操心。协调好模型和视图就ok了,要学会当一个好老板。
(2)三个部分各司其职,数据模型只负责数据的处理,视图部分只负责把拿到的数据进行显示,两个部分都是被动的,等待着大管家控制器的调遣。
(3)在OC中,如果视图和数据模型之间有通道,那控制器是否处于失控状态呢?