KVM虚拟化
kvm虚拟化
1. 虚拟化介绍
2. kvm介绍
3. kvm部署
3.1 kvm安装
3.2 kvm web管理界面安装
3.3 kvm web界面管理
3.3.2 kvm存储管理
3.3.3 kvm网络管理
3.3.4 实例管理
4. 所遇问题
4.1 故障一
4.2 故障二
1. 虚拟化介绍
虚拟化是云计算的基础。简单的说，虚拟化使得在一台物理的服务器上可以跑多台虚拟机，虚拟机共享物理机的 CPU、内存、IO 硬件资源，但逻辑上虚拟机之间是相互隔离的。
物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。
那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。
根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：
全虚拟化
半虚拟化
全虚拟化：
Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
在这里插入图片描述
半虚拟化：
在这里插入图片描述
理论上讲：
全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。
2. kvm介绍
kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。
大家在网上看 KVM 相关文章的时候肯定经常会看到 Libvirt 这个东西。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具
3. kvm部署
环境说明：
IP：192.168.157.99
3.1 kvm安装
部署前请确保你的CPU虚拟化功能已开启。分为两种情况：
虚拟机要关机设置CPU虚拟化
物理机要在BIOS里开启CPU虚拟化
//关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@mp ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mp ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@mp ~]# setenforce 0
[root@mp ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
//这一步十分重要！！！
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//配置网络源
[root@mp yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@mp ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@mp ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@mp ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
安装过程略.....
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//验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的
[root@mp ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
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//kvm安装
[root@mp ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
//安装过程省略......
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//因为虚拟机中网络，我们一般都是和公司的其他服务器是同一个网段，所以我们需要把 KVM服务器的网卡配置成桥接模式。这样的话KVM的虚拟机就可以通过该桥接网卡和公司内部 其他服务器处于同一网段
//此处我的网卡是ens32，所以用br0来桥接ens32网卡
//对应修改或者添加以下内容即可
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.157.99
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.157.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
//保留以下内容即可
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
[root@mp ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@mp ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:93:a6:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:a66c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens35: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:93:a6:76 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:93:a6:6c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.157.99/24 brd 192.168.157.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:a66c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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//启动服务
[root@mp ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@mp ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
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//验证安装结果
[root@mp ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
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//测试并验证安装结果
[root@mp ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id 名称 状态
----------------------------------------------------
[root@mp ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@mp ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@mp ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@mp ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 3月 14 14:17 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@mp ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel 170086 0
kvm 566340 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
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//查看网桥信息
[root@mp ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c2993a66c no ens32
virbr0 8000.5254009df26a yes virbr0-nic
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3.2 kvm web管理界面安装
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安装依赖包
[root@mp ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
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//升级pip
[root@mp ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
//过程省略......
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//从github上下载webvirtmgr代码
[root@mp ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@mp src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 561
接收对象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.98 MiB | 1011.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100% (3602/3602), done.
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//安装webvirtmgr
[root@mp src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@mp webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
//安装过程省略......
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//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@mp webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
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//初始化帐号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //问你是否创建超级管理员帐号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): //指定超级管理员帐号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: bebejo@126.com //设置超级管理员邮箱
Password:1 //设置超级管理员密码
Password (again):1 //再次输入超级管理员密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
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//拷贝web网页至指定目录
[root@mp webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@mp webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/ /var/www/
[root@mp webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
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//生成密钥
//全部保持默认，回车即可
[root@mp ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:3/LDSmdcrWbrJxAXtt9HJD13UKlz4lTbYrCqzUNVkWQ root@mp
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .E*o|
| ..*+=|
| =o=*|
| +==+o|
| S oo+=+o|
| .oo.o .+|
| =+.=.+ .|
| ..+=oo...|
| .o.ooo |
+----[SHA256]-----+
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//由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器，那么这个是它的ip
[root@mp ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.157.99
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.157.99 (192.168.157.99)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:I20VCudXLSb+D75FPy0SjjexuAhmPkhN8hO4DZFjaT8.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f2:04:78:0f:b3:30:ae:12:66:05:85:97:e6:ab:80:15.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.157.99's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.157.99'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
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//端口转发
[root@mp ~]# ssh 192.168.157.99 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Fri Mar 15 02:23:10 2019 from 192.168.157.1
[root@mp ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
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//配置nginx
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
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[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
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//确保bind绑定的是本机的8000端口
[root@mp ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
.....此处省略N行
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //确保此处绑定的是本机的8000端口，这个在nginx配置中定义了，被代理的端口
backlog = 2048
.....此处省略N行
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//重启nginx
[root@mp ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@mp ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
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//设置supervisor
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
//.....此处省略上面的内容，在文件最后加上以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
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//启动supervisor并设置开机自动启动
[root@mp ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@mp ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@mp ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 五 2019-03-15 03:06:19 CST; 20s ago
Main PID: 3326 (supervisord)
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
└─3326 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisor...
3月 15 03:06:18 mp systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitoring and Control.....
3月 15 03:06:19 mp systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring and Control ...n.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@mp ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6080 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8000 :::*
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//配置nginx用户
//未创建nginx用户，所以用su命令赋予它交互式登录的权限
[root@mp ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
//全部保持默认，回车即可，密码除外。
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:86tvVfX2z7hqCHz/rqVUKMQPReWO26hNWlpZaZOTOgg nginx@mp
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| .o.. |
| . . . .|
| + ...|
| . o +.+o|
| .E . +.@..|
| o+.o.X o.|
| oo+@ oo.|
| o@o+. o|
| .+*.==+. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.157.99
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.157.99' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.157.99's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.157.99'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
登出
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@mp ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@mp ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@mp ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
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3.3 kvm web界面管理
通过ip地址在浏览器上访问kvm，例如我这里就是：http://192.168.157.99
在这里插入图片描述此处的用户为：root
密码为：执行python manage syncdb时设置的超级管理员密码
在这里插入图片描述此处的Label要与下面的FQDN / IP一致！
在这里插入图片描述点击上方的IP地址，不是点击Host：192.168.157.99
3.3.2 kvm存储管理
//创建存储
在这里插入图片描述点击New Storage
在这里插入图片描述****
进入存储
在这里插入图片描述点击default
在这里插入图片描述池路径 /var/lib/libvirt/images：磁盘镜像ISO文件存储的位置
//通过远程连接软件上传ISO镜像文件至存储目录/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@mp ~]# cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@mp images]# ll
总用量 3963904
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4059037696 3月 15 03:50 rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso
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//在web界面查看ISO镜像文件是否存在
在这里插入图片描述
//创建系统安装镜像
在这里插入图片描述
//添加成功如下图
在这里插入图片描述
3.3.3 kvm网络管理
在这里插入图片描述点击New Network
在这里插入图片描述
3.3.4 实例管理
实例（虚拟机的创建）
在这里插入图片描述
//虚拟机插入光盘
在这里插入图片描述
//设置在web上访问虚拟机的密码
在这里插入图片描述
//启动虚拟机
在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述
//虚拟机安装
在这里插入图片描述此步骤为虚拟机的安装步骤，不再阐述
4. 所遇问题
4.1 故障一
第一次通过web访问kvm时可能会一直访问不了，一直转圈，而命令行界面一直报错(too many open files)
永久生效方法：
修改/etc/security/limits.conf，在文件底部添加：
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 655360
星号代表全局， soft为软件，hard为硬件，nofile为这里指可打开文件数。
另外，要使limits.conf文件配置生效，必须要确保 pam_limits.so 文件被加入到启动文件中。
查看 /etc/pam.d/login 文件中有：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
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4.2 故障二
web界面配置完成后可能会出现以下错误界面
在这里插入图片描述
解决方法是安装novnc并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc
[root@mp ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 6 2018 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@mp ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@mp ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@mp ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@mp ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
......此处省略N行
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 172.16.12.128:5920 &
[root@mp ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「诺坎普第一球探」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43695104/article/details/88554443
posted on 2021-11-26 23:02 yipianchuyun 阅读(186) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报
