cisco常用命令详解

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　cisco常用命令详解

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

 

 

一.常用命令用法展示

1.命令行模式的来回切换

 1 yinzhengjie>enable   　　　　　　#从用户模式切换到特权模式，权限最低，可以说是无功能，啥也不能做。
 2 yinzhengjie#   　　　　#特权模式，可以进行查看端口的IP配置信息，查看主机表等，重启路由器等等操作。 
 3 
 4 yinzhengjie#configure terminal  　　#从特权模式切换到全局配置模式，权限最高，可以在这里配置vlan等等
 5 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
 6 yinzhengjie(config)#
 7 
 8 yinzhengjie(config)#exit    　　　　　#从全局配置模式切换到特权模式，如果想要切换到用户模式继续敲击exit即可。
 9 yinzhengjie#
10 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
3种模式的来回切换

2.修改主机名

1 123(config)#hostname yinzhengjie   #注意：需要在全局配置模式下敲击哟
2 yinzhengjie(config)#
全局配置模式下修改主机名

3.配置用户切换至特权模式的密码

 1 yinzhengjie(config)#enable password yinzhengjie  #配置在用户模式进入特权模式的密码是：yinzhengjie， 但是这种配置方法可以通过show  run来进行查看
 2 yinzhengjie(config)#
 3 
 4 yinzhengjie>enable                   #验证过程,注意，
 5 Password: 
 6 yinzhengjie#
 7 
 8 
 9 
10 #可以在特权模式下查看你做了哪些配置
11 yinzhengjie#show run
12 Building configuration...
13 
14 Current configuration : 457 bytes
15 !
16 version 12.2
17 no service timestamps log datetime msec
18 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
19 no service password-encryption
20 !
21 hostname yinzhengjie
22 !
23 !
24 !
25 enable password yinzhengjie   #这个就是进入特权模式的密码
明文加密特权模式密码
 1 yinzhengjie(config)#enable secret yinzhengjie   #配置用户模式进入特权模式的密码，且是密文形式的，不会被show run看出来密码。
 2 yinzhengjie(config)#exit 
 3 yinzhengjie#
 4 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
 5 
 6 yinzhengjie#show run
 7 Building configuration...
 8 
 9 Current configuration : 504 bytes
10 !
11 version 12.2
12 no service timestamps log datetime msec
13 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
14 no service password-encryption
15 !
16 hostname yinzhengjie
17 !
18 !
19 !
20 enable secret 5 $1$mERr$m71c3Gjeqb4tpumB3.jHY.  #这种加密是无法被看到的哟
密文加密特权模式密码 

4.查看命令用法

 1 yinzhengjie#show hosts         #查看主机表
 2 Default Domain is not set
 3 Name/address lookup uses domain service
 4 Name servers are 255.255.255.255
 5 
 6 Codes: UN - unknown, EX - expired, OK - OK, ?? - revalidate
 7        temp - temporary, perm - permanent
 8        NA - Not Applicable None - Not defined
 9 
10 Host                      Port  Flags      Age Type   Address(es)
11 yinzhengjie#
12 
13 yinzhengjie#show ip interface     #查看端口的IP配置信息 
14 FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
15   Internet protocol processing disabled
16 FastEthernet0/1 is administratively down, line protocol is down (disabled)
17   Internet protocol processing disabled
18 yinzhengjie#
常用查询命令

5.VLAN的创建与删除

 1 yinzhengjie#vlan data   #进入VLAN配置模式
 2 % Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode,
 3   as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user
 4   documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode.
 5 
 6 yinzhengjie(vlan)#vlan 10 name test_1   #创建VLAN10并其名称为test_1
 7 VLAN 10 added:   #输出信息，创建VLAN10
 8     Name: test_1  #输出信息，名称为test_1
 9 yinzhengjie(vlan)#vlan 20 name test_2   #创建VLAN20
10 VLAN 20 added:
11     Name: test_2  
12 yinzhengjie(vlan)#vlan 30 name test_3   #创建VLAN30
13 VLAN 30 added:
14     Name: test_3
15 yinzhengjie(vlan)
16 
17 思科VLAN的创建
VLAN的添加
 1 yinzhengjie#show vlan brief      #查看VLAN信息
 2 
 3 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
 4 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
 5 1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
 6                                                 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
 7                                                 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
 8                                                 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
 9                                                 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
10                                                 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
11 10   test_1                           active      #之前已经存在的VLAN
12 20   test_2                           active      #之前已经存在的VLAN
13 30   test_3                           active      #之前已经存在的VLAN
14 1002 fddi-default                     active    
15 1003 token-ring-default               active    
16 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
17 1005 trnet-default                    active    
18 yinzhengjie#
19 yinzhengjie#vlan database      #进入VLAN的配置模式
20 % Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode,
21   as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user
22   documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode.
23 
24 yinzhengjie(vlan)#no vlan 10     #删除VLAN10
25 Deleting VLAN 10...
26 yinzhengjie(vlan)#no vlan 20      #删除VLAN20
27 Deleting VLAN 20...
28 yinzhengjie(vlan)#exit 
29 APPLY completed.
30 Exiting....
31 yinzhengjie#show vlan brief 
32 
33 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
34 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
35 1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
36                                                 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
37                                                 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
38                                                 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
39                                                 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
40                                                 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
41 30   test_3                           active      #只剩下VLAN30了，10和20都被删除了
42 1002 fddi-default                     active    
43 1003 token-ring-default               active    
44 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
45 1005 trnet-default                    active    
46 yinzhengjie#
VLAN的删除

 6.将交换机的接口添加或删除到VLAN之中

 1 yinzhengjie#show vlan brief        #查看VLAN信息
 2 
 3 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
 4 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
 5 1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
 6                                                 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
 7                                                 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
 8                                                 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
 9                                                 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
10                                                 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
11 30   test_3                           active     #当前VLAN30是没用任何的接口在这个VLAN之中的
12 1002 fddi-default                     active    
13 1003 token-ring-default               active    
14 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
15 1005 trnet-default                    active    
16 yinzhengjie#configure terminal 
17 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
18     
19 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1  #只进入f0/1接口
20 yinzhengjie(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30   #将该接口下允许VLAN30通过
21 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit #退出当前接口
22 yinzhengjie(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/2-5  #同时进入f0/2到f0/5的接口
23 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 30  #允许vlan30通过
24 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#exit 
25 yinzhengjie(config)#exit  #退到特权模式中
26 yinzhengjie#
27 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
28 yinzhengjie#show  vlan brief 
29 
30 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
31 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
32 1    default                          active    Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
33                                                 Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
34                                                 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
35                                                 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
36                                                 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
37 30   test_3                           active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
38                                                 Fa0/5   #观察发现，f0/1到f0/5都从vlan1中跑到了vlan30中去了
39 1002 fddi-default                     active    
40 1003 token-ring-default               active    
41 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
42 1005 trnet-default                    active    
43 yinzhengjie#
配置access口
 1 yinzhengjie#show vlan brief 
 2 
 3 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
 4 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
 5 1    default                          active    Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
 6                                                 Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
 7                                                 Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
 8                                                 Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
 9                                                 Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
10 30   test_3                           active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
11                                                 Fa0/5  #当前VLAN存在着5个接口
12 1002 fddi-default                     active    
13 1003 token-ring-default               active    
14 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
15 1005 trnet-default                    active    
16 yinzhengjie#configure terminal 
17 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
18 yinzhengjie(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-5  #同时进入f0/1到f0/5的接口之中
19 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#no switchport access vlan 30  #不允许vlan30通过
20 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#exit 
21 yinzhengjie(config)#exit 
22 yinzhengjie#
23 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
24 
25 yinzhengjie#show vlan brief 
26 
27 VLAN Name                             Status    Ports
28 ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
29 1    default                          active    Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
30                                                 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
31                                                 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
32                                                 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
33                                                 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
34                                                 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
35 30   test_3                           active    #该VLAN的接口全部被清空了，默认被情况的接口又回到了VLAN1中去了
36 1002 fddi-default                     active    
37 1003 token-ring-default               active    
38 1004 fddinet-default                  active    
39 1005 trnet-default                    active    
40 yinzhengjie#
删除access口

 7.配置vlan的管理IP

1 yinzhengjie(config)#interface vlan 10 #在全局配置模式进入vlan接口
2 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
3 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
4 
5 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
6 
7 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0   #配置管理IP
8 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
配置管理IP
  1 interface Vlan1
  2  no ip address
  3  shutdown
  4 !
  5 interface Vlan5
  6  ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
  7 !
  8 interface Vlan10
  9  ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0  #我们查看当前是有IP地址的
 10 !
 11 line con 0
 12 !
 13 line vty 0 4
 14  login
 15 line vty 5 15
 16  login
 17 !
 18 !
 19 end
 20 yinzhengjie#configure terminal   #进入全局配置模式
 21 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 22 yinzhengjie(config)#interface vlan 10    #进入VLAN10的接口
 23 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no ip address    #情况当前vlan中的IP地址
 24 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit 
 25 yinzhengjie(config)#exit 
 26 yinzhengjie#
 27 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
 28 s
 29 % Ambiguous command: "s"
 30 yinzhengjie#
 31 yinzhengjie#show run  #查看当前配置
 32 Building configuration...
 33 
 34 Current configuration : 1142 bytes
 35 !
 36 version 12.1
 37 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 38 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 39 no service password-encryption
 40 !
 41 hostname yinzhengjie
 42 !
 43 !
 44 spanning-tree mode pvst
 45 !
 46 interface FastEthernet0/1
 47  switchport access vlan 5
 48  switchport mode trunk
 49 !
 50 interface FastEthernet0/2
 51  switchport access vlan 10
 52 !
 53 interface FastEthernet0/3
 54 !
 55 interface FastEthernet0/4
 56 !
 57 interface FastEthernet0/5
 58 !
 59 interface FastEthernet0/6
 60 !
 61 interface FastEthernet0/7
 62 !
 63 interface FastEthernet0/8
 64 !
 65 interface FastEthernet0/9
 66 !
 67 interface FastEthernet0/10
 68 !
 69 interface FastEthernet0/11
 70 !
 71 interface FastEthernet0/12
 72 !
 73 interface FastEthernet0/13
 74 !
 75 interface FastEthernet0/14
 76 !
 77 interface FastEthernet0/15
 78 !
 79 interface FastEthernet0/16
 80 !
 81 interface FastEthernet0/17
 82 !
 83 interface FastEthernet0/18
 84 !
 85 interface FastEthernet0/19
 86 !
 87 interface FastEthernet0/20
 88 !
 89 interface FastEthernet0/21
 90 !
 91 interface FastEthernet0/22
 92 !
 93 interface FastEthernet0/23
 94 !
 95 interface FastEthernet0/24
 96 !
 97 interface Vlan1
 98  no ip address
 99  shutdown
100 !
101 interface Vlan5
102  ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
103 !
104 interface Vlan10
105  no ip address     #此时我们发现IP被清空了
106 !
107 !
108 line con 0
109 !
110 line vty 0 4
111  login
112 line vty 5 15
113  login
114 !
115 !
116 end
117 
118 
119 yinzhengjie#
删除管理IP

 

二.简单网络配置练习

小试牛刀：好了，学了以上的命令，我们一起来做一个简单的练习：

1.在交换机上划分vlan,将PC1、PC3加入到vlan2,PC2、PC4加入vlan3,并实现跨交换机的同vlan之间的通讯，如图－1所示：

pc0的cmd窗口测试结果如下：

 1 PC>ipconfig
 2 
 3 FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
 4 Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::20B:BEFF:FEC2:A4BD
 5 IP Address......................: 192.168.5.10
 6 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
 7 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.5.1
 8 
 9 PC>ping 192.168.5.1 #网关地址
10 
11 Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
12 
13 Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
14 Reply from 192.168.5.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
15 
16 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
17     Packets: Sent = 2, Received = 2, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
18 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
19     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
20 
21 Control-C
22 ^C
23 PC>ping 192.168.5.2  #右边的交换机
24 
25 Pinging 192.168.5.2 with 32 bytes of data:
26 
27 Reply from 192.168.5.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
28 
29 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.2:
30     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 1, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
31 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
32     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
33 
34 Control-C
35 ^C
36 PC>ping 192.168.5.20  #右边的PC机器
37 
38 Pinging 192.168.5.20 with 32 bytes of data:
39 
40 Reply from 192.168.5.20: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
41 
42 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.20:
43     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 1, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
44 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
45     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
46 
47 Control-C
48 ^C
49 PC>ping 192.168.10.1
50 
51 Pinging 192.168.10.1 with 32 bytes of data:
52 
53 
54 Ping statistics for 192.168.10.1:
55     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),
56 
57 Control-C
58 ^C
59 PC>ping 192.168.10.10
60 
61 Pinging 192.168.10.10 with 32 bytes of data:
62 
63 
64 Ping statistics for 192.168.10.10:
65     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),
66 
67 Control-C
68 ^C
69 PC>
PC0测试结果

pc1的cmd窗口测试结果如下：

 1 PC>
 2 PC>ipconfig
 3 
 4 FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
 5 Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::230:A3FF:FE0D:B465
 6 IP Address......................: 192.168.10.10
 7 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
 8 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.10.1
 9 
10 PC>ping 192.168.10.1 #网关地址
11 
12 Pinging 192.168.10.1 with 32 bytes of data:
13 
14 Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
15 Reply from 192.168.10.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
16 
17 Ping statistics for 192.168.10.1:
18     Packets: Sent = 2, Received = 2, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
19 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
20     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
21 
22 Control-C
23 ^C
24 PC>ping 192.168.10.2  #右边交换机的网关地址
25 
26 Pinging 192.168.10.2 with 32 bytes of data:
27 
28 Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
29 
30 Ping statistics for 192.168.10.2:
31     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 1, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
32 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
33     Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms
34 
35 Control-C
36 ^C
37 PC>ping 192.168.10.20
38 
39 Pinging 192.168.10.20 with 32 bytes of data:
40 
41 Reply from 192.168.10.20: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
42 Reply from 192.168.10.20: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
43 Reply from 192.168.10.20: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
44 Reply from 192.168.10.20: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
45 
46 Ping statistics for 192.168.10.20:
47     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
48 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
49     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
50 
51 PC>
52 PC>ping 192.168.5.1
53 
54 Pinging 192.168.5.1 with 32 bytes of data:
55 
56 
57 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.1:
58     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),
59 
60 Control-C
61 ^C
62 PC>ping 192.168.5.2
63 
64 Pinging 192.168.5.2 with 32 bytes of data:
65 
66 
67 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.2:
68     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),
69 
70 Control-C
71 ^C
72 PC>ping 192.168.5.20
73 
74 Pinging 192.168.5.20 with 32 bytes of data:
75 
76 
77 Ping statistics for 192.168.5.20:
78     Packets: Sent = 1, Received = 0, Lost = 1 (100% loss),
79 
80 Control-C
81 ^C
82 PC>
pc1测试结果

左边交换机的配置如下：

 1 Switch#show run
 2 Building configuration...
 3 
 4 Current configuration : 1159 bytes
 5 !
 6 version 12.1
 7 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 8 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 9 no service password-encryption
10 !
11 hostname Switch
12 !
13 !
14 spanning-tree mode pvst
15 !
16 interface FastEthernet0/1
17 !
18 interface FastEthernet0/2
19  switchport access vlan 2
20 !
21 interface FastEthernet0/3
22  switchport access vlan 3
23 !
24 interface FastEthernet0/4
25 !
26 interface FastEthernet0/5
27 !
28 interface FastEthernet0/6
29 !
30 interface FastEthernet0/7
31 !
32 interface FastEthernet0/8
33 !
34 interface FastEthernet0/9
35 !
36 interface FastEthernet0/10
37  switchport mode trunk
38 !
39 interface FastEthernet0/11
40 !
41 interface FastEthernet0/12
42 !
43 interface FastEthernet0/13
44 !
45 interface FastEthernet0/14
46 !
47 interface FastEthernet0/15
48 !
49 interface FastEthernet0/16
50 !
51 interface FastEthernet0/17
52 !
53 interface FastEthernet0/18
54 !
55 interface FastEthernet0/19
56 !
57 interface FastEthernet0/20
58 !
59 interface FastEthernet0/21
60 !
61 interface FastEthernet0/22
62 !
63 interface FastEthernet0/23
64 !
65 interface FastEthernet0/24
66 !
67 interface Vlan1
68  no ip address
69  shutdown
70 !
71 interface Vlan2
72  ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
73 !
74 interface Vlan3
75  ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
76 !
77 !
78 line con 0
79 !
80 line vty 0 4
81  login
82 line vty 5 15
83  login
84 !
85 !
86 end
87 
88 
89 Switch#
switch3配置信息

右边交换机的配置如下：

 1 Switch#show running-config 
 2 Building configuration...
 3 
 4 Current configuration : 1227 bytes
 5 !
 6 version 12.1
 7 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 8 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 9 no service password-encryption
10 !
11 hostname Switch
12 !
13 !
14 spanning-tree mode pvst
15 !
16 interface FastEthernet0/1
17 !
18 interface FastEthernet0/2
19  switchport access vlan 2
20 !
21 interface FastEthernet0/3
22  switchport access vlan 3
23 !
24 interface FastEthernet0/4
25 !
26 interface FastEthernet0/5
27 !
28 interface FastEthernet0/6
29 !
30 interface FastEthernet0/7
31 !
32 interface FastEthernet0/8
33 !
34 interface FastEthernet0/9
35 !
36 interface FastEthernet0/10
37  switchport mode trunk
38 !
39 interface FastEthernet0/11
40 !
41 interface FastEthernet0/12
42 !
43 interface FastEthernet0/13
44 !
45 interface FastEthernet0/14
46 !
47 interface FastEthernet0/15
48 !
49 interface FastEthernet0/16
50 !
51 interface FastEthernet0/17
52 !
53 interface FastEthernet0/18
54 !
55 interface FastEthernet0/19
56 !
57 interface FastEthernet0/20
58 !
59 interface FastEthernet0/21
60 !
61 interface FastEthernet0/22
62 !
63 interface FastEthernet0/23
64 !
65 interface FastEthernet0/24
66 !
67 interface Vlan1
68  no ip address
69  shutdown
70 !
71 interface Vlan2
72  ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
73 !
74 interface Vlan3
75  ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
76 !
77 interface Vlan10
78  no ip address
79 !
80 interface Vlan20
81  no ip address
82 !
83 !
84 line con 0
85 !
86 line vty 0 4
87  login
88 line vty 5 15
89  login
90 !
91 !
92 end
93 
94 
95 Switch#
switch1配置信息

 　　实现过程其实很简单只需要分别在2个交换机上创建相同的vlan，然后讲两个交换机相连的口设置为trunk口，将pc机遇交换机的直连的端口设置为access口即可。这样就实现了2个交换机中相同VLAN可以互通不同VLAM不能互通的功能，但是如果你非要让同一个交换机中的2个VLAN互通的话其实也可以的，需要在三层交换机上开启路由功能，注意：这个功能傻瓜交换机是不支持的哟！所以你要在实际生产环境中要考虑你的设备是否支持该功能哟。再去考虑交互机VLAN互通的问题。

 

2.配置DHCP服务器

在路由器上配置DHCP服务为客户端自动分配IP地址架构图如下：

我是在路由器上做的配置，让路由器当DHCP服务器，配置过程如下：

 1 yinzhengjie>en  #进入特权模式
 2 yinzhengjie#configure terminal  #进入全局配置模式
 3 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 4 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0  #进入接入的网口地址
 5 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0  #为该网口配置一个网管地址
 6 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown #开启这个端口
 7 
 8 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
 9 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
10 
11 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
12 
13 yinzhengjie(config)#ip dhcp pool  wancheng  #添加一个地址池起别名为“wancheng”
14 yinzhengjie(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 #分配地址池
15 yinzhengjie(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.1.254  #指定分配地址的网关地址
16 yinzhengjie(dhcp-config)#dns-server 219.141.136.10 #配置DNS服务器
17 yinzhengjie(dhcp-config)#exit  #退出DHCP配置模式
18 yinzhengjie(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.100  #配置预留的IP，意思是从172.16.1.1~172.16.1.100都不分配
19 yinzhengjie(config)#
路由器的配置过程

 测试结果如下：

pc0:

pc1:

在路由器上查看目前分配IP地址的情况如下：

 1 yinzhengjie#show run   #查看配置
 2 Building configuration...
 3 
 4 Current configuration : 602 bytes
 5 !
 6 version 12.2
 7 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 8 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 9 no service password-encryption
10 !
11 hostname yinzhengjie
12 !
13 !
14 !
15 !
16 ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.100
17 !
18 ip dhcp pool wancheng   #DHCP配置信息
19  network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
20  default-router 172.16.1.254
21  dns-server 219.141.136.10
22 !
23 !
24 !
25 !
26 !
27 !
28 !
29 !
30 !
31 !
32 !
33 !
34 !
35 interface FastEthernet0/0
36  ip address 172.16.1.254 255.255.255.0
37  duplex auto
38  speed auto
39 !
40 interface FastEthernet0/1
41  no ip address
42  duplex auto
43  speed auto
44  shutdown
45 !
46 ip classless
47 !
48 !
49 !
50 !
51 !
52 !
53 !
54 line con 0
55 !
56 line aux 0
57 !
58 line vty 0 4
59  login
60 !
61 !
62 !
63 end
64 
65 yinzhengjie#show ip dhcp binding   #查看当前地址的在线情况
66 IP address       Client-ID/              Lease expiration        Type
67                  Hardware address
68 172.16.1.101     00E0.A357.0E96           --                     Automatic
69 172.16.1.102     0009.7C6D.C274           --                     Automatic
70 yinzhengjie#
查看当前地址的在线情况

 

3.单臂路由配置

 要求VLAN20和VLAN30可以互相访问，需要在交换机设置access口（与pc机器相连）和trunk口(与路由相连)

 

pc0测试环境如下：

 1 PC>ipconfig   #查看本机地址
 2 
 3 FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)
 4 Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::2D0:BAFF:FEE4:777E
 5 IP Address......................: 192.168.20.1
 6 Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
 7 Default Gateway.................: 192.168.20.254
 8 
 9 PC>ping 192.168.20.2   #vlan20的另外一台pc1
10 
11 Pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data:
12 
13 Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
14 Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
15 Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
16 Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
17 
18 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2:
19     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
20 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
21     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
22 
23 PC>ping 172.16.30.254  #vlan30的网关地址
24 
25 Pinging 172.16.30.254 with 32 bytes of data:
26 
27 Reply from 172.16.30.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
28 Reply from 172.16.30.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
29 Reply from 172.16.30.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
30 Reply from 172.16.30.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
31 
32 Ping statistics for 172.16.30.254:
33     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
34 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
35     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
36 
37 PC>ping 172.16.30.1  #VLAN30的机器
38 
39 Pinging 172.16.30.1 with 32 bytes of data:
40 
41 Request timed out.
42 Reply from 172.16.30.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
43 Reply from 172.16.30.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
44 Reply from 172.16.30.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=127
45 
46 Ping statistics for 172.16.30.1:
47     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
48 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
49     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
50 
51 PC>
pc0测试结果

交换机配置如下：

 1 yinzhengjie>en
 2 yinzhengjie#vlan database 
 3 % Warning: It is recommended to configure VLAN from config mode,
 4   as VLAN database mode is being deprecated. Please consult user
 5   documentation for configuring VTP/VLAN in config mode.
 6 
 7 yinzhengjie(vlan)#vlan 20 name test_1
 8 VLAN 20 added:
 9     Name: test_1
10 yinzhengjie(vlan)#vlan 30 name test_2
11 VLAN 30 added:
12     Name: test_2
13 yinzhengjie(vlan)#exit 
14 APPLY completed.
15 Exiting....
16 yinzhengjie#configure terminal 
17 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
18 yinzhengjie(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-2
19 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
20 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#exit 
21 yinzhengjie(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/3-4
22 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 30
23 yinzhengjie(config-if-range)#exit 
24 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/10
25 yinzhengjie(config-if)#switchport mode trunk 
26 
27 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
28 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/10, changed state to down
29 
30 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/10, changed state to up
31 
32 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
33 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
34 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
交换机配置过程
 1 yinzhengjie#show run
 2 Building configuration...
 3 
 4 Current configuration : 1107 bytes
 5 !
 6 version 12.1
 7 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 8 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 9 no service password-encryption
10 !
11 hostname yinzhengjie
12 !
13 !
14 spanning-tree mode pvst
15 !
16 interface FastEthernet0/1
17  switchport access vlan 20
18 !
19 interface FastEthernet0/2
20  switchport access vlan 20
21 !
22 interface FastEthernet0/3
23  switchport access vlan 30
24 !
25 interface FastEthernet0/4
26  switchport access vlan 30
27 !
28 interface FastEthernet0/5
29 !
30 interface FastEthernet0/6
31 !
32 interface FastEthernet0/7
33 !
34 interface FastEthernet0/8
35 !
36 interface FastEthernet0/9
37 !
38 interface FastEthernet0/10
39  switchport mode trunk
40 !
41 interface FastEthernet0/11
42 !
43 interface FastEthernet0/12
44 !
45 interface FastEthernet0/13
46 !
47 interface FastEthernet0/14
48 !
49 interface FastEthernet0/15
50 !
51 interface FastEthernet0/16
52 !
53 interface FastEthernet0/17
54 !
55 interface FastEthernet0/18
56 !
57 interface FastEthernet0/19
58 !
59 interface FastEthernet0/20
60 !
61 interface FastEthernet0/21
62 !
63 interface FastEthernet0/22
64 !
65 interface FastEthernet0/23
66 !
67 interface FastEthernet0/24
68 !
69 interface Vlan1
70  no ip address
71  shutdown
72 !
73 !
74 line con 0
75 !
76 line vty 0 4
77  login
78 line vty 5 15
79  login
80 !
81 !
82 end
83 
84 
85 yinzhengjie#
交换机的配置信息

路由器配置如下：

 1 yinzhengjie#configure terminal 
 2 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 3 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
 4 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown 
 5 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit 
 6 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.1
 7 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 20  #配置trunk的封装协议，如果不配置会无法配置成功IP地址的哟~
 8 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
 9 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#exit 
10 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.2
11 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 30
12 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.30.254 255.255.255.0
13 yinzhengjie(config-subif)#exit 
14 yinzhengjie(config)#exit 
15 yinzhengjie#
16 %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
17 
18 yinzhengjie#show run
19 Building configuration...
20 
21 Current configuration : 528 bytes
22 !
23 version 12.2
24 no service timestamps log datetime msec
25 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
26 no service password-encryption
27 !
28 hostname yinzhengjie
29 !
30 !
31 !
32 !
33 !
34 !
35 !
36 !
37 !
38 !
39 !
40 !
41 !
42 !
43 !
44 !
45 !
46 !
47 interface FastEthernet0/0
48  no ip address
49  duplex auto
50  speed auto
51 !
52 interface FastEthernet0/0.1
53  encapsulation dot1Q 20
54  ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
55 !
56 interface FastEthernet0/0.2
57  encapsulation dot1Q 30
58  ip address 172.16.30.254 255.255.255.0
59 !
60 ip classless
61 !
62 !
63 !
64 !
65 !
66 !
67 !
68 line con 0
69 !
70 line aux 0
71 !
72 line vty 0 4
73  login
74 !
75 !
76 !
77 end
78 
79 
80 yinzhengjie#
81 
82 ‘’‘
83 扩充：
84 1:在路由器上配置trunk的封装协议的命令：
85 encapsulation [isl/dot1q] vlan＃
86 2:上面的路由器配置了dot1q中继封装,20是vlan 20。
87 3:Trunk的封装类型一共有 ISL和802.1Q两种，而802.1Q在输入的时候则为dot1q
88 
89 ’‘’
路由器配置过程
 1 yinzhengjie#show run
 2 Building configuration...
 3 
 4 Current configuration : 528 bytes
 5 !
 6 version 12.2
 7 no service timestamps log datetime msec
 8 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
 9 no service password-encryption
10 !
11 hostname yinzhengjie
12 !
13 !
14 !
15 !
16 !
17 !
18 !
19 !
20 !
21 !
22 !
23 !
24 !
25 !
26 !
27 !
28 !
29 !
30 interface FastEthernet0/0
31  no ip address
32  duplex auto
33  speed auto
34 !
35 interface FastEthernet0/0.1
36  encapsulation dot1Q 20
37  ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
38 !
39 interface FastEthernet0/0.2
40  encapsulation dot1Q 30
41  ip address 172.16.30.254 255.255.255.0
42 !
43 ip classless
44 !
45 !
46 !
47 !
48 !
49 !
50 !
51 line con 0
52 !
53 line aux 0
54 !
55 line vty 0 4
56  login
57 !
58 !
59 !
60 end
61 
62 
63 yinzhengjie#
路由器的配置信息

 

4.如下图所示，通过动态路由RIP实现三个路由器之间的全网互通。

pc0测试结果如下：

 1 PC>
 2 PC>ping 192.168.1.254   #网关地址
 3 
 4 Pinging 192.168.1.254 with 32 bytes of data:
 5 
 6 Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
 7 Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
 8 Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
 9 Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
10 
11 Ping statistics for 192.168.1.254:
12     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
13 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
14     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
15 
16 PC>ping 192.168.2.1 #路由器0/1地址
17 
18 Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:
19 
20 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
21 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
22 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
23 Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
24 
25 Ping statistics for 192.168.2.1:
26     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
27 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
28     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
29 
30 PC>ping 192.168.3.1 #中间路由地址
31 
32 Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
33 
34 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
35 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
36 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=254
37 Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
38 
39 Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
40     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
41 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
42     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 0ms
43 
44 PC>ping 192.168.4.1 #pc1机器地址
45 
46 Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
47 
48 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=125
49 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
50 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
51 Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
52 
53 Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
54     Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
55 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
56     Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 3ms
57 
58 PC>
pc测试结果

路由器配置信息

 1 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
 2 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown 
 3 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 4 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 5 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
 6 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit 
 7 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
 8 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown 
 9 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
10 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
11 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up    
12 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ex
13 yinzhengjie(config)#router rip  #进入动态路由配置模式
14 yinzhengjie(config-router)#version 2
15 yinzhengjie(config-router)#no auto-summary 
16 yinzhengjie(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0   #与路由直连网段
17 yinzhengjie(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0   #与路由直连网段
18 yinzhengjie#show run
19 Building configuration...
20 
21 Current configuration : 538 bytes
22 !
23 version 12.2
24 no service timestamps log datetime msec
25 no service timestamps debug datetime msec
26 no service password-encryption
27 !
28 hostname yinzhengjie
29 !
30 !
31 !
32 !
33 !
34 !
35 !
36 !
37 !
38 !
39 !
40 !
41 !
42 !
43 !
44 !
45 !
46 !
47 interface FastEthernet0/0
48  ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
49  duplex auto
50  speed auto
51 !
52 interface FastEthernet0/1
53  ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
54  duplex auto
55  speed auto
56 !
57 router rip
58  version 2
59  network 192.168.1.0
60  network 192.168.2.0
61  no auto-summary
62 !
63 ip classless
64 !
65 !
66 !
67 !
68 !
69 !
70 !
71 line con 0
72 !
73 line aux 0
74 !
75 line vty 0 4
76  login
77 !
78 !
79 !
80 end
81 
82 
83 yinzhengjie#
Route0配置过程
 1 Router>en
 2 Router#configure terminal 
 3 Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
 4 Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
 5 Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
 6 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 7 
 8 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 9 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
10 Router(config-if)#exit 
11 Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
12 Router(config-if)#no shutdown 
13 
14 Router(config-if)#
15 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
16 Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
17 Router(config-if)#
18 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
19 
20 Router(config-if)#ex
21 Router(config)#router rip 
22 Router(config-router)#version 2
23 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary 
24 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
25 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
26 Router(config-router)#
Route1配置过程
 1 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
 2 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown 
 3 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 4 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
 5 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 6 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit 
 7 yinzhengjie(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
 8 yinzhengjie(config-if)#no shutdown 
 9 yinzhengjie(config-if)#
10 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
11 %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up
12 yinzhengjie(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
13 yinzhengjie(config-if)#exit 
14 yinzhengjie(config)#router rip 
15 yinzhengjie(config-router)#version 2
16 yinzhengjie(config-router)#no auto-summary 
17 yinzhengjie(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
18 yinzhengjie(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
19 yinzhengjie(config-router)#
Route2配置过程

 

posted @ 2017-03-07 15:19  尹正杰  阅读(11933)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报