Linux操作系统的文件查找工具locate和find命令常用参数介绍
Linux操作系统的文件查找工具locate和find命令常用参数介绍
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.非实时查找(数据库查找)locate工具
locate命令的工作原理剖析:
用locate命令在搜索文件列表的时候，它并不是去硬盘中实时搜索文件，而是事先把磁盘上的所有文件预建文件索引数据库(即"/var/lib/mlocate.db"),查询时依赖于事先构建的索引(索引的构建是在系统较为空闲时自动进行,即周期性任务),这就是为什么它搜索文件非常快的原因。
但这并不是说安装操作系统或者刚刚安装完locate软件，就会立即有"/var/lib/mlocate.db"数据库的，而是需要等待一段时间后它才会自动生成，而这个等待时间是不确定的，因此我们可以使用update命令来手动生成该索引数据库文件。
索引构建过程需要遍历整个根文件系统，极消耗资源，因此locate命令适合搜索比较稳定的文件，比如系统的启动脚本或系统配置文件之类的，因为他们不仅经常变化，基本上都可以搜索到，但是对于一些变化频率比较高的文件搜索起来locate就有点力不从心，需要咱们不断地手动更新数据库才能获取到最新的文件索引信息。
locate命令的工作特点:
(1)查找速度快
(2)模糊查找
(3)非实时查找
(4)搜索的文件是全路径，不仅仅是文件名
(5)可能之搜索用户具备读取和执行权限的目录
locate语法格式:
Usage: locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...
常用选项:
-i:
不区分大小写。
-n N:
只例举前N个匹配项目。
-r:
使用正则biao a
1>.安装locate数据库(最小化操作系统是没有安装locate命令的哟～)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install mlocate Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================= Installing: mlocate x86_64 0.26-8.el7 base 113 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 113 k Installed size: 379 k Downloading packages: mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.更新locate的数据库文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate hosts #我们在安装locate命令时并不会立即生成数据索引文件。 locate: can not stat () `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db': No such file or directory [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# updatedb #因此我们可以手动locate命令的数据库文件，如果文件已经存在则更新该数据库内容。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db #数据库文件竟然自动创建出来啦 -rw-r----- 1 root slocate 2483967 Dec 12 09:15 /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# touch f1.log #我们此处创建一个文件 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll #该文件已经创建出来来 total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 12 09:21 f1.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate f1.log #我们发现locate命令竟然找不到f1.log文件，这是由于locate的数据库文件还没有来得及更新 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# updatedb #于是于是我们手动更新数据库信息，将之前修改的内容都同步到locate数据库中 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate f1.log # /root/f1.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.省略选项搜索关键词案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/cil /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/hll /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/lang_ext /usr/lib64/security/pam_rhosts.so /usr/share/ghostscript /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/html/sag-pam_rhosts.html /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/txts/README.pam_rhosts /usr/share/ghostscript/conf.d /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.allow.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.deny.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_options.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pam_rhosts.8.gz /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sd_hosts_or_user_at_host /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts.txt /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin/examples/config.manyhosts.inc.php [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>."-i"选项案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate HOSTS #我们搜索大写的关键词是搜不到有关HOSTS文件名称或路径的。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate -i HOSTS #我们使用"-i"选项可以忽略文件大小写，瞬间就可以匹配到包含hosts的文件名称或路径啦。 /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/cil /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/hll /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/lang_ext /usr/lib64/security/pam_rhosts.so /usr/share/ghostscript /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/html/sag-pam_rhosts.html /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/txts/README.pam_rhosts /usr/share/ghostscript/conf.d /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.allow.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.deny.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_options.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pam_rhosts.8.gz /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sd_hosts_or_user_at_host /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts.txt /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin/examples/config.manyhosts.inc.php [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>."-n"选项案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/cil /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/hll /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/lang_ext /usr/lib64/security/pam_rhosts.so /usr/share/ghostscript /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/html/sag-pam_rhosts.html /usr/share/doc/pam-1.1.8/txts/README.pam_rhosts /usr/share/ghostscript/conf.d /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.allow.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts.deny.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_access.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/hosts_options.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/pam_rhosts.8.gz /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/ftplugin/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/denyhosts.vim /usr/share/vim/vim74/syntax/hostsaccess.vim /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sd_hosts_or_user_at_host /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/timedhosts.txt /var/www/html/phpMyAdmin/examples/config.manyhosts.inc.php [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate -n 5 hosts #之列出前5个匹配到的文件名称或路径名称 /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts/cil [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>."-r"选项案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate -r "\.conf$" /etc/GeoIP.conf /etc/asound.conf /etc/chrony.conf /etc/dracut.conf /etc/e2fsck.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/kdump.conf /etc/krb5.conf /etc/ld.so.conf /etc/libaudit.conf /etc/libuser.conf /etc/locale.conf /etc/logrotate.conf /etc/man_db.conf /etc/mke2fs.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/rsyncd.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/sestatus.conf /etc/sudo-ldap.conf /etc/sudo.conf /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/updatedb.conf /etc/vconsole.conf /etc/yum.conf /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf /etc/audisp/audispd.conf /etc/audisp/plugins.d/af_unix.conf /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf /etc/audit/auditd.conf /etc/dbus-1/session.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/FirewallD.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/com.redhat.tuned.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-dispatcher.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-ifcfg-rh.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.hostname1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.import1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.locale1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.login1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.machine1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/org.freedesktop.timedate1.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/teamd.conf /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf /etc/depmod.d/dist.conf /etc/firewalld/firewalld.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/10-php.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf /etc/lvm/lvm.conf /etc/lvm/lvmlocal.conf /etc/modprobe.d/dccp-blacklist.conf /etc/modprobe.d/firewalld-sysctls.conf /etc/modprobe.d/tuned.conf /etc/openldap/ldap.conf /etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf /etc/plymouth/plymouthd.conf /etc/prelink.conf.d/fipscheck.conf /etc/prelink.conf.d/grub2.conf /etc/prelink.conf.d/nss-softokn-prelink.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/listen.conf /etc/sasl2/smtpd.conf /etc/security/access.conf /etc/security/chroot.conf /etc/security/group.conf /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/namespace.conf /etc/security/pam_env.conf /etc/security/pwquality.conf /etc/security/sepermit.conf /etc/security/time.conf /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf /etc/selinux/semanage.conf /etc/selinux/targeted/setrans.conf /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf /etc/systemd/bootchart.conf /etc/systemd/coredump.conf /etc/systemd/journald.conf /etc/systemd/logind.conf /etc/systemd/system.conf /etc/systemd/user.conf /etc/tuned/tuned-main.conf /etc/udev/udev.conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf /etc/yum/version-groups.conf /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf /etc/yum/protected.d/systemd.conf /home/yinzhengjie/.pyenv/.pip/pip.conf /home/yinzhengjie/.pyenv/cache/Python-3.6.9/Doc/docutils.conf /home/yinzhengjie/.pyenv/cache/Python-3.6.9/Doc/tools/pydoctheme/theme.conf /usr/lib/NetworkManager/conf.d/10-slaves-order.conf /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/01-dist.conf /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/01-microcode.conf /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/02-rescue.conf /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/50-nss-softokn.conf /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/76-phys-port-name.conf /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/40network/dhclient.conf /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/98syslog/rsyslog.conf /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d/98systemd/dracut-tmpfiles.conf /usr/lib/modprobe.d/dist-alsa.conf /usr/lib/modprobe.d/dist-blacklist.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/10-default-yama-scope.conf /usr/lib/sysctl.d/50-default.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/cryptsetup.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/etc.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/httpd.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/initscripts.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/libselinux.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/lvm2.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/mariadb.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/pam.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/python.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/rpm.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sap.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/selinux-policy.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/sudo.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd-nologin.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/var.conf /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/x11.conf /usr/lib/tuned/balanced/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/desktop/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/latency-performance/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/network-latency/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/network-throughput/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/powersave/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/recommend.d/50-tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/throughput-performance/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest/tuned.conf /usr/lib/tuned/virtual-host/tuned.conf /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/AACI.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ATIIXP-MODEM.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ATIIXP-SPDMA.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ATIIXP.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/AU8810.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/AU8820.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/AU8830.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Audigy.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Audigy2.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Aureon51.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Aureon71.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CA0106.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CMI8338-SWIEC.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CMI8338.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CMI8738-MC6.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CMI8738-MC8.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CMI8788.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/CS46xx.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/EMU10K1.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/EMU10K1X.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ENS1370.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ENS1371.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ES1968.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Echo_Echo3G.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/FM801.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/FWSpeakers.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/FireWave.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/GUS.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/HDA-Intel.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/HdmiLpeAudio.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ICE1712.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ICE1724.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ICH-MODEM.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ICH.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/ICH4.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Loopback.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/Maestro3.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/NFORCE.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/PC-Speaker.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/PMac.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/PMacToonie.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/PS3.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/RME9636.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/RME9652.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/SB-XFi.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/SI7018.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/TRID4DWAVENX.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/USB-Audio.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VIA686A.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VIA8233.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VIA8233A.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VIA8237.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VX222.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VXPocket.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/VXPocket440.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/YMF744.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/aliases.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/pistachio-card.conf /usr/share/alsa/cards/vc4-hdmi.conf /usr/share/alsa/firmware/usx2yloader/us122.conf /usr/share/alsa/firmware/usx2yloader/us224.conf /usr/share/alsa/firmware/usx2yloader/us428.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/center_lfe.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/default.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/dmix.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/dpl.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/dsnoop.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/front.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/hdmi.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/iec958.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/modem.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/rear.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/side.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround21.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround40.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround41.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround50.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround51.conf /usr/share/alsa/pcm/surround71.conf /usr/share/alsa/topology/broadwell/broadwell.conf /usr/share/alsa/topology/bxtrt298/bxt_i2s.conf /usr/share/alsa/topology/sklrt286/skl_i2s.conf /usr/share/dbus-1/session.conf /usr/share/dbus-1/system.conf /usr/share/doc/NetworkManager/examples/server.conf /usr/share/doc/alsa-lib/modprobe-dist-oss.conf /usr/share/doc/dbus-1.10.24/examples/example-session-disable-stats.conf /usr/share/doc/dbus-1.10.24/examples/example-system-enable-stats.conf /usr/share/doc/glibc-common-2.17/gai.conf /usr/share/doc/gnupg2-2.0.22/examples/gpgconf.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-dav.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-default.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-info.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-languages.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-manual.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-mpm.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/httpd-vhosts.conf /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.4.6/proxy-html.conf /usr/share/doc/krb5-libs-1.15.1/examples/kdc.conf /usr/share/doc/krb5-libs-1.15.1/examples/krb5.conf /usr/share/doc/python-configobj-4.7.2/docutils.conf /usr/share/doc/python-slip-0.4.0/dbus/example/org.fedoraproject.slip.example.mechanism.conf /usr/share/doc/python-slip-dbus-0.4.0/example/org.fedoraproject.slip.example.mechanism.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.23/examples/pam.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.23/examples/sudo.conf /usr/share/doc/sudo-1.8.23/examples/syslog.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_arp_ping_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_arp_ping_2.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_ethtool_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_ethtool_2.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_ethtool_3.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_multi_lw_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_nsna_ping_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/activebackup_tipc.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/broadcast.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/lacp_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/loadbalance_1.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/loadbalance_2.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/loadbalance_3.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/random.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/roundrobin.conf /usr/share/doc/teamd-1.27/example_configs/roundrobin_2.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/wpa_supplicant.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/ieee8021x.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/openCryptoki.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/plaintext.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/udhcpd-p2p.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/wep.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/wpa-psk-tkip.conf /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-2.6/examples/wpa2-eap-ccmp.conf /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64/include/config/auto.conf /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64/include/config/tristate.conf /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager-intern.conf [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.查看locate命令的帮助信息
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# locate --help Usage: locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]... Search for entries in a mlocate database. -A, --all only print entries that match all patterns -b, --basename match only the base name of path names -c, --count only print number of found entries -d, --database DBPATH use DBPATH instead of default database (which is /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db) -e, --existing only print entries for currently existing files -L, --follow follow trailing symbolic links when checking file existence (default) -h, --help print this help -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions when matching patterns -l, --limit, -n LIMIT limit output (or counting) to LIMIT entries -m, --mmap ignored, for backward compatibility -P, --nofollow, -H don't follow trailing symbolic links when checking file existence -0, --null separate entries with NUL on output -S, --statistics don't search for entries, print statistics about each used database -q, --quiet report no error messages about reading databases -r, --regexp REGEXP search for basic regexp REGEXP instead of patterns --regex patterns are extended regexps -s, --stdio ignored, for backward compatibility -V, --version print version information -w, --wholename match whole path name (default) Report bugs to mitr@redhat.com. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
二.实时查找find工具
实时查找工具，通过遍历指定路径完成文件查找 工作特点: (1)查找速度略慢 (2)精确查找 (3)实时查找 (4)可能只搜索用户具备读取和执行权限的目录 语法: find [OPTION]... [查找路径] [查找条件] [处理动作] 查找路径:
指定具体目标路径;默认为当前目录 查找条件:
指定的查找标准，可以文件名、大小、类型、权限等标准进行; 默认为找出指定路径下的所有文件 处理动作:
对符合条件的文件做操作，默认输出至屏幕
1>.查看find命令的帮助信息
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find --help Usage: find [-H] [-L] [-P] [-Olevel] [-D help|tree|search|stat|rates|opt|exec] [path...] [expression] default path is the current directory; default expression is -print expression may consist of: operators, options, tests, and actions: operators (decreasing precedence; -and is implicit where no others are given): ( EXPR ) ! EXPR -not EXPR EXPR1 -a EXPR2 EXPR1 -and EXPR2 EXPR1 -o EXPR2 EXPR1 -or EXPR2 EXPR1 , EXPR2 positional options (always true): -daystart -follow -regextype normal options (always true, specified before other expressions): -depth --help -maxdepth LEVELS -mindepth LEVELS -mount -noleaf --version -xautofs -xdev -ignore_readdir_race -noignore_readdir_race tests (N can be +N or -N or N): -amin N -anewer FILE -atime N -cmin N -cnewer FILE -ctime N -empty -false -fstype TYPE -gid N -group NAME -ilname PATTERN -iname PATTERN -inum N -iwholename PATTERN -iregex PATTERN -links N -lname PATTERN -mmin N -mtime N -name PATTERN -newer FILE -nouser -nogroup -path PATTERN -perm [-/]MODE -regex PATTERN -readable -writable -executable -wholename PATTERN -size N[bcwkMG] -true -type [bcdpflsD] -uid N -used N -user NAME -xtype [bcdpfls] -context CONTEXT actions: -delete -print0 -printf FORMAT -fprintf FILE FORMAT -print -fprint0 FILE -fprint FILE -ls -fls FILE -prune -quit -exec COMMAND ; -exec COMMAND {} + -ok COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND ; -execdir COMMAND {} + -okdir COMMAND ; Report (and track progress on fixing) bugs via the findutils bug-reporting page at http://savannah.gnu.org/ or, if you have no web access, by sending email to <bug-findutils@gnu.org>. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.不指定查找路径，条件和处理动作默认递归查找查找当前目录的所有文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find . ./.lesshst ./a ./a/a ./a/f2.log ./a/mv ./.bash_profile ./.tcshrc ./.cshrc ./.viminfo ./.bash_logout ./.bash_history ./.pki ./.pki/nssdb ./.bashrc ./.mysql_history ./f1.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -aR .: . .. a .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc .cshrc f1.log .lesshst .mysql_history .pki .tcshrc .viminfo ./a: . .. a f2.log mv ./.pki: . .. nssdb ./.pki/nssdb: . .. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.查找指定路径下的所有文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -R test/ test/: total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 12 10:08 a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 12 10:08 f2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 12 10:08 mv [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find test/ test/ test/a test/f2.log test/mv [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.指定搜索层级
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find / -maxdepth 1 #表示在根目录开始查找文件，最大搜索目录深度为1。 / /media /mnt /lost+found /dev /tmp /home /run /srv /boot /bin /sbin /lib64 /usr /sys /etc /var /lib /proc /opt /root [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ -maxdepth 1 /etc/pki/ /etc/pki/CA /etc/pki/nss-legacy /etc/pki/ca-trust /etc/pki/rsyslog /etc/pki/nssdb /etc/pki/rpm-gpg /etc/pki/tls /etc/pki/java [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ -mindepth 1 /etc/pki/CA /etc/pki/CA/newcerts /etc/pki/CA/private /etc/pki/CA/crl /etc/pki/CA/certs /etc/pki/nss-legacy /etc/pki/nss-legacy/nss-rhel7.config /etc/pki/ca-trust /etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf /etc/pki/ca-trust/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/source /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README /etc/pki/rsyslog /etc/pki/nssdb /etc/pki/nssdb/cert9.db /etc/pki/nssdb/secmod.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key3.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key4.db /etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt /etc/pki/nssdb/cert8.db /etc/pki/rpm-gpg /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7 /etc/pki/tls /etc/pki/tls/private /etc/pki/tls/misc /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name /etc/pki/tls/certs /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem /etc/pki/java /etc/pki/java/cacerts [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ -mindepth 3 -maxdepth 3 /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.先处理目录内的文件，再处理指定目录
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ -depth #先处理目录内的文件，再处理指定目录,即先显示文件，后显示文件夹 /etc/pki/CA/newcerts /etc/pki/CA/private /etc/pki/CA/crl /etc/pki/CA/certs /etc/pki/CA /etc/pki/nss-legacy/nss-rhel7.config /etc/pki/nss-legacy /etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf /etc/pki/ca-trust/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/source /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted /etc/pki/ca-trust /etc/pki/rsyslog /etc/pki/nssdb/cert9.db /etc/pki/nssdb/secmod.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key3.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key4.db /etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt /etc/pki/nssdb/cert8.db /etc/pki/nssdb /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg /etc/pki/tls/private /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name /etc/pki/tls/misc /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/certs /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem /etc/pki/tls /etc/pki/java/cacerts /etc/pki/java /etc/pki/ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ #默认先显示文件夹,后显示文件 /etc/pki/ /etc/pki/CA /etc/pki/CA/newcerts /etc/pki/CA/private /etc/pki/CA/crl /etc/pki/CA/certs /etc/pki/nss-legacy /etc/pki/nss-legacy/nss-rhel7.config /etc/pki/ca-trust /etc/pki/ca-trust/ca-legacy.conf /etc/pki/ca-trust/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/source /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README /etc/pki/rsyslog /etc/pki/nssdb /etc/pki/nssdb/cert9.db /etc/pki/nssdb/secmod.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key3.db /etc/pki/nssdb/key4.db /etc/pki/nssdb/pkcs11.txt /etc/pki/nssdb/cert8.db /etc/pki/rpm-gpg /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7 /etc/pki/tls /etc/pki/tls/private /etc/pki/tls/misc /etc/pki/tls/misc/CA /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_issuer /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_info /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_hash /etc/pki/tls/misc/c_name /etc/pki/tls/certs /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/Makefile /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/renew-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/certs/make-dummy-cert /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf /etc/pki/tls/cert.pem /etc/pki/java /etc/pki/java/cacerts [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.根据文件名和inode查找
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name ifcfg-eth0 #文件名称必须要精确匹配 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name ifcfg #不存在叫ifcfg的文件，因此匹配不上 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name ifcfg [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "ifcfg*" #支持使用glob，即通配符 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name IFCFG-ETH0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -iname IFCFG-ETH0 #忽略匹配的文件名称大小写 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 788769 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 162 Sep 5 02:37 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ln /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /root/ifcf-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 162 Sep 5 02:37 ifcf-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find / -inum 788769 #基于inode节点编号查找文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /root/ifcf-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find / -inum 64 -ls #列出查找到到文件 64 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 910 Sep 9 05:55 /home/yinzhengjie/.pyenv/versions/3.6.9/envs/jason/lib/python3.6/site-packages/notebook/static/components/MathJax/extensions/a11y/mathmaps/es/symbols/math_non_characters.js 64 0 --w------- 1 root root 4096 Dec 11 15:26 /sys/bus/memory/uevent 64 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 11 15:25 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/function_profile_enabled [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -i /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 788769 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 162 Sep 5 02:37 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -i total 4 788769 -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 162 Sep 5 02:37 ifcf-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -samefile /root/ifcf-eth0 #在"/etc"目录下找和"/root/ifcf-eth0"文件相同的文件，即是硬连接关系而非inode节点编号一样，inode节点编号一样可能是不同分区的文件哟，而硬连接是不可以跨越分区的。 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -links 6 -ls #在"/etc"目录下查看链接数为6的文件 786505 4 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Dec 11 09:30 /etc/sysconfig 786977 4 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 5 01:49 /etc/lvm 786680 4 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Mar 12 2019 /etc/pki/CA 786613 4 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 5 01:48 /etc/security 786553 4 drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep 5 01:49 /etc/yum [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -regex ".*\.sh$" #在"/etc"目录下查看以".sh"结尾的文件名称，注意，find和locate不同，find的正则表达式要求咱们匹配文件的全路径。 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/51-dracut-rescue-postinst.sh /etc/profile.d/less.sh /etc/profile.d/which2.sh /etc/profile.d/256term.sh /etc/profile.d/vim.sh /etc/profile.d/colorgrep.sh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /etc/profile.d/lang.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/azure-cloud.sh [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.根据属主、属组查找
-user USERNAME:
查找属主为指定用户(UID)的文件
-group GRPNAME:
查找属组为指定组(GID)的文件
-uid UserID:
查找属主为指定的UID号的文件
-gid GroupID:
查找属组为指定的GID号的文件
-nouser:
查找没有属主的文件
-nogroup:
查找没有属组的文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /home/yinzhengjie/devops/ -user yinzhengjie -ls #查找属主为yinzhengjie的文件 396207 4 drwxrwxr-x 4 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 4096 Sep 9 06:05 /home/yinzhengjie/devops/ 396389 4 drwxrwxr-x 2 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 4096 Sep 9 06:06 /home/yinzhengjie/devops/op 396390 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 9 Sep 9 06:06 /home/yinzhengjie/devops/op/.python-version 396209 4 drwxrwxr-x 2 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 4096 Sep 9 05:55 /home/yinzhengjie/devops/cmdb 396206 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 6 Sep 9 05:55 /home/yinzhengjie/devops/cmdb/.python-version [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# useradd centos [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# su -l centos [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ touch /tmp/a{1..3}.txt [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ ll /tmp/ total 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 centos centos 0 Dec 12 11:07 a1.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 centos centos 0 Dec 12 11:07 a2.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 centos centos 0 Dec 12 11:07 a3.txt [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [centos@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ exit logout [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# userdel -r centos [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /tmp/ total 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 a1.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 a2.txt -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 a3.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /tmp/ -nouser -ls #查看没有属主的文件 1179657 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a1.txt 1179661 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a2.txt 1179663 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a3.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /tmp/ -nogroup -ls #查看没有属组的文件 1179657 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a1.txt 1179661 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a2.txt 1179663 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 1001 1001 0 Dec 12 11:07 /tmp/a3.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
8>.根据文件类型查找
-type TYPE
f: 普通文件
d: 目录文件
l: 符号链接文件
s:套接字文件
b: 块设备文件
c: 字符设备文件
p: 管道文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/selinux/ -type d /etc/selinux/ /etc/selinux/tmp /etc/selinux/targeted /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/users /etc/selinux/targeted/active /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/disabled /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100 /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rdisc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tuned /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/setroubleshoot /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/wireshark /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/permissivedomains /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/prelude /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/apcupsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/courier /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nut /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bacula /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pwauth /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/certwatch /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ipa /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tcsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sensord /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/uucp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mrtg /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/kerberos /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/firewalld /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/kmscon /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sandboxX /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/loadkeys /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/smsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/zarafa /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tftp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hsqldb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/chronyd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/oracleasm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vdagent /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ntop /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lockdev /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/stapserver /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/wdmd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/prosody /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/aiccu /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ajaxterm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/guest /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/publicfile /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nscd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/netlabel /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/userhelper /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ntp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/portreserve /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cockpit /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/isns /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/callweaver /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rhgb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gpsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/realmd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cachefilesd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/portmap /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mock /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/freeipmi /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/logging /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/squid /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/blkmapd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mojomojo /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bcfg2 /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/miscfiles /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/calamaris /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/keystone /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vlock /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ipmievd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rhsmcertd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/qmail /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cinder /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lircd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/snapper /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cmirrord /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/xguest /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rkhunter /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ctdb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/thumb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ncftool /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pingd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/finger /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/inn /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lvm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/certmonger /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dbus /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cfengine /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/daemontools /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/iptables /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mta /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/w3c /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/denyhosts /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cgroup /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sbd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pki /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cyrus /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mon_statd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rtkit /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rpm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dbadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/stunnel /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/firstboot /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/zebra /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/certmaster /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/apm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/drbd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pads /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/brctl /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/quantum /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/soundserver /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openct /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/procmail /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mailscanner /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/plymouthd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/slpd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/irc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/webadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/zoneminder /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/geoclue /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sblim /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/container /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/antivirus /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/wine /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openshift /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mplayer /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bluetooth /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/swift /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dhcp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dbskk /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/entropyd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tvtime /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cvs /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/brltty /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/kdumpgui /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/postfix /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/postgresql /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/getty /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/slocate /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/amanda /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysstat /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/fetchmail /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/milter /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sasl /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lldpad /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rhcs /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/logwatch /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gitosis /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/qpid /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sectoolm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nx /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hostname /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/shorewall /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rpcbind /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openwsman /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/netutils /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/condor /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/auditadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/fstools /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/smokeping /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/irqbalance /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rshd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vmware /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pcp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pcmcia /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tomcat /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sge /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openvswitch /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/games /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sssd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/setrans /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/devicekit /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mythtv /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/podsleuth /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/updfstab /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/opendnssec /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mirrormanager /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/zabbix /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/xserver /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/zosremote /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cdrecord /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/radius /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ktalk /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/xen /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sanlock /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/acct /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/authlogin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/usbmodules /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/iscsi /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/colord /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/glusterd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/conman /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/fprintd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tlp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dnsmasq /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rwho /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/opensm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/base /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rpc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/speech-dispatcher /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/glance /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mpd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/l2tp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ulogd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gdomap /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/secadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/jabber /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/consolekit /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vmtools /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dirsrv /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mozilla /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rhnsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/puppet /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/authconfig /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gssproxy /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/redis /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/munin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nagios /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cloudform /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/snort /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ricci /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/awstats /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/su /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pcscd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/unprivuser /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rngd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sendmail /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lsm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/kismet /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/jetty /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ninfod /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rhev /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ksmtuned /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/firewallgui /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/logrotate /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pulseaudio /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/memcached /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ipsec /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/smartmon /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/spamassassin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bugzilla /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/udev /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tangd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cpuplug /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rssh /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/samba /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/fcoe /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dnssec /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mount /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gnome /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/clock /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hddtemp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/telepathy /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/raid /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cobbler /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/roundup /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/apache /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/comsat /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/watchdog /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/varnishd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/clogd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/motion /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/virt /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openvpn /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/arpwatch /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/livecd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nslcd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/thin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/keyboardd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cgdcbxd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dictd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/libraries /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gpm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/polipo /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/oddjob /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/usernetctl /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/fail2ban /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/minidlna /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lttng-tools /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vhostmd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nis /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tcpd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/keepalived /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/blueman /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bind /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dmesg /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/snmp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ppp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sosreport /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/accountsd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dovecot /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bumblebee /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/minissdpd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/uuidd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mongodb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pesign /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/anaconda /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/modutils /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cipe /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ccs /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/osad /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/policykit /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/abrt /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/privoxy /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/psad /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/likewise /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rsync /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/prelink /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/init /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/targetd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mailman /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/unconfineduser /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mcelog /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/usbmuxd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/usermanage /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tmpreaper /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rasdaemon /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cyphesis /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openhpid /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/uml /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pegasus /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/telnet /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/selinuxutil /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/readahead /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mediawiki /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/staff /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cron /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cpufreqselector /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/nova /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/networkmanager /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/jockey /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/chrome /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rabbitmq /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/avahi /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ptchown /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rtas /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/asterisk /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/svnserve /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/lpd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/gpg /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ddclient /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysnetwork /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ftp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/inetd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/linuxptp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/aide /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/postgrey /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/screen /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mip6d /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/amtu /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/icecast /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dcc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bootloader /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/collectd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/webalizer /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/iotop /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/freqset /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/passenger /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/man2html /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dspam /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/obex /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/radvd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/pkcs /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/journalctl /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/couchdb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dmidecode /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sambagui /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/systemd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/modemmanager /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/remotelogin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/namespace /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/openshift-origin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/exim /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/numad /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/quota /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/bitlbee /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/userdomain /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/iodine /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/application /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/locallogin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/alsa /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vpn /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hwloc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/dirsrv-admin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cups /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/logadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tgtd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/smoltclient /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/canna /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/unconfined /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sysadm_secadm /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/vnstatd /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ldap /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/hypervkvp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/piranha /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/cpucontrol /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/boinc /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/ssh /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/automount /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/seunshare /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/rlogin /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/tor /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/kdump /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/git /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mandb /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/afs /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/unlabelednet /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/sudo /etc/selinux/targeted/modules /etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active /etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules /etc/selinux/targeted/policy /etc/selinux/targeted/logins /etc/selinux/final [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
9>.空文件或目录
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/selinux/ -type d -empty /etc/selinux/tmp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/disabled /etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules /etc/selinux/targeted/logins /etc/selinux/final [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/targeted/logins total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/selinux/ -type d -empty /etc/selinux/tmp /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/disabled /etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules /etc/selinux/targeted/logins /etc/selinux/final [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/tmp total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/disabled total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/modules total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/targeted/logins total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/selinux/final total 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/selinux/ -type f -empty /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.subs /etc/selinux/targeted/semanage.trans.LOCK /etc/selinux/targeted/semanage.read.LOCK [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.subs [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/selinux/targeted/semanage.trans.LOCK [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/selinux/targeted/semanage.read.LOCK [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
10>.组合查找
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -a -user root #在"/etc"目录下查找以".sh"结尾，而且用户名是root的文件，这是逻辑与的关系。 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/51-dracut-rescue-postinst.sh /etc/profile.d/less.sh /etc/profile.d/which2.sh /etc/profile.d/256term.sh /etc/profile.d/vim.sh /etc/profile.d/colorgrep.sh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /etc/profile.d/lang.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/azure-cloud.sh [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -user root #匹配多个条件时默认就是逻辑与的关系 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/51-dracut-rescue-postinst.sh /etc/profile.d/less.sh /etc/profile.d/which2.sh /etc/profile.d/256term.sh /etc/profile.d/vim.sh /etc/profile.d/colorgrep.sh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /etc/profile.d/lang.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/azure-cloud.sh [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -user root | wc -l 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -a -user root | wc -l 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -a -user apache [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.sh" -o -user apache #在"/etc"目录下查找以".sh"结尾，或者用户名是apache的文件，这是逻辑或的关系。 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/51-dracut-rescue-postinst.sh /etc/profile.d/less.sh /etc/profile.d/which2.sh /etc/profile.d/256term.sh /etc/profile.d/vim.sh /etc/profile.d/colorgrep.sh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /etc/profile.d/lang.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient.d/chrony.sh /etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/azure-cloud.sh [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /etc/pki/ca-trust/ total 16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 980 May 14 2018 ca-legacy.conf drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Sep 5 01:48 extracted -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 166 May 14 2018 README drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Sep 5 01:48 source [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/pki/ca-trust/ ! -name "*.conf" #查找"/etc/pki/ca-trust"不是以".conf"结尾的文件或目录。 /etc/pki/ca-trust/ /etc/pki/ca-trust/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/source /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/blacklist /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/ca-bundle.legacy.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/README /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/README [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
11>.德·摩根定律
(非 A)或 (非 B) = 非(A 且 B) (非 A)且 (非 B) = 非(A 或 B) 示例: !A -a !B = !(A -o B) !A -o !B = !(A -a B)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /etc/yinzhengjie [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chown yinzhengjie /etc/yinzhengjie/ [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# su -l yinzhengjie Last login: Mon Sep 9 04:52:36 EDT 2019 on pts/0 [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ touch a{1..3}.txt [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ touch /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd{1..3}.conf [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ echo "yinzhengjie.org.cn" > /etc/yinzhengjie/domain.info [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ ll /etc/yinzhengjie/ total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 19 Dec 12 19:50 domain.info -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 httpd1.conf -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 httpd2.conf -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 httpd3.conf [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ [yinzhengjie@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]$ exit logout [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not \( -user root -o -user apache \) #在"/etc"目录下找到属主不是root或者apache的文件 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d /etc/yinzhengjie /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd3.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd1.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd2.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/domain.info [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not \( -user root -o -user apache \) -ls 786771 4 drwx------ 2 polkitd root 4096 Sep 5 01:49 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d 788795 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 yinzhengjie root 4096 Dec 12 19:50 /etc/yinzhengjie 788827 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd3.conf 788824 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd1.conf 788825 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd2.conf 788828 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 19 Dec 12 19:50 /etc/yinzhengjie/domain.info [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not \( -user root -o -user apache \) | wc -l 6 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not -user root -a -not -user apache #在"/etc"目录下递归查找属主不是root而且属主也不是apache的所有文件 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d /etc/yinzhengjie /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd3.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd1.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd2.conf /etc/yinzhengjie/domain.info [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not -user root -a -not -user apache | wc -l 6 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -not -user root -a -not -user apache -ls 786771 4 drwx------ 2 polkitd root 4096 Sep 5 01:49 /etc/polkit-1/rules.d 788795 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 yinzhengjie root 4096 Dec 12 19:50 /etc/yinzhengjie 788827 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd3.conf 788824 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd1.conf 788825 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 0 Dec 12 19:49 /etc/yinzhengjie/httpd2.conf 788828 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 19 Dec 12 19:50 /etc/yinzhengjie/domain.info [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
12>.根据文件大小来查找
-size [+|-]#UNIT 常用单位:
k, M, G，c(byte)
#UNIT: (#-1, #] 如:6k 表示(5k,6k]，即查找大于5k小于等于6k的文件。
-#UNIT:[0,#-1] 如:-6k 表示[0,6k]，即查找小于6k的文件。
+#UNIT:(#,∞) 如:+6k 表示(6k,∞)，即查找大于6k的文件。
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=a.txt bs=1K count=10 10+0 records in 10+0 records out bytes (10 kB) copied, 0.000461065 s, 22.2 MB/s [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=b.txt bs=1K count=9 9+0 records in 9+0 records out bytes (9.2 kB) copied, 0.000257093 s, 35.8 MB/s [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=c.txt bs=1K count=11 11+0 records in 11+0 records out bytes (11 kB) copied, 0.000290539 s, 38.8 MB/s [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=d4.txt bs=1K count=9 9+0 records in 9+0 records out bytes (9.2 kB) copied, 0.000514858 s, 17.9 MB/s [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:23 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 48K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10K Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0K Dec 12 20:23 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11K Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0K Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size 10k ./a.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo >> b.txt #追加换行符"\n"，即增加一个字节。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 48K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10K Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.1K Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11K Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0K Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size 10k ./a.txt ./b.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size 10k -ls #注意，size命令是模糊匹配，即匹配10k表示大于9k小于等于10k的文件。 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 Dec 12 20:23 ./a.txt 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 ./b.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size -10k -ls #和上面不同，"-10k"表示匹配小于10k的文件哟 4 dr-xr-x--- 3 root root 4096 Dec 12 20:24 . 4 -rw------- 1 root root 48 Sep 5 03:31 ./.lesshst 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_profile 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Dec 28 2013 ./.tcshrc 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100 Dec 28 2013 ./.cshrc 8 -rw------- 1 root root 6442 Dec 11 17:32 ./.viminfo 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_logout 4 drwxr----- 3 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki 4 drwxr----- 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki/nssdb 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bashrc 4 -rw------- 1 root root 1191 Dec 12 09:08 ./.mysql_history [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -h total 48K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10K Dec 12 20:23 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.1K Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11K Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9.0K Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size +10k -ls 24 -rw------- 1 root root 21053 Dec 12 20:09 ./.bash_history 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo >> a.txt #添加一个"\n"字节 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -size +10k -ls #表示查找大于10k的文件 24 -rw------- 1 root root 21053 Dec 12 20:09 ./.bash_history 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 ./a.txt 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
13>.根据时间戳查找
以"天"为单位: -atime(可以指定创建时间的天数范围) #: [#,#+1) 如10，表示[10,11)，即查找大于10天小于第11天的文件 +#: [#+1,∞] 如10,表示[11,∞],即查找大于10天的文件 -#: [0,#) 如10,表示[0,10),即查找小于10天的文件 -mtime(和atime一样，也可以指定修改天数范围) -ctime(和atime一样，也可以指定创建天数范围) 以"分钟"为单位(按照分钟和按照天数用法几乎一样，只不过单位时间不同而已，指定时间范围，如下图所示。) -amin -mmin -cmin
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# useradd jason [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find /etc/ -mmin -1 -ls #表示查找1分钟之内修改的文件 786433 4 drwxr-xr-x 77 root root 4096 Dec 12 20:51 /etc/ 788826 4 ---------- 1 root root 603 Dec 12 20:51 /etc/shadow 788833 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1051 Dec 12 20:51 /etc/passwd 788779 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 544 Dec 12 20:51 /etc/group 788823 4 ---------- 1 root root 438 Dec 12 20:51 /etc/gshadow [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# date Thu Dec 12 20:52:07 EST 2019 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
14>.根据权限查找
-perm [/|-]MODE MODE:
精确权限匹配 /MODE:
任何一类(u,g,o)对象的权限中只要能一位匹配即可，或关系，+ 从centos7开始淘汰 -MODE:
每一类对象都必须同时拥有指定权限，与关系 0 表示不关注
示例:
find -perm 755 会匹配权限模式恰好是755的文件 只要当任意人有写权限时，find -perm +222就会匹配 只有当每个人都有写权限时，find -perm -222才会匹配 只有当其它人(other)有写权限时，find -perm -002才会匹配
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chmod 640 a.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm 640 -ls #在当前目录下查找权限是640的文件 1048583 12 -rw-r----- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 ./a.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw-r----- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -640 -ls #权限640对应着"rw-r-----",即要求所有者必须拥有读写权限，所属组有权限，0表示不关心，即有没有权限无所谓。 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_profile 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Dec 28 2013 ./.tcshrc 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100 Dec 28 2013 ./.cshrc 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_logout 12 -rw-r----- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 ./a.txt 4 drwxr----- 3 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki 4 drwxr----- 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki/nssdb 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bashrc 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 ./b.txt 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chmod g-r a.txt b.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -640 -ls #再次匹配时发现匹配不到a.txt和b.txt文件啦，因为这两个文件的所属组权限不满足咱们咋着条件4啦。 1048579 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_profile 1056283 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt 1048582 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 129 Dec 28 2013 ./.tcshrc 1048581 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100 Dec 28 2013 ./.cshrc 1048578 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Dec 28 2013 ./.bash_logout 1049804 4 drwxr----- 3 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki 1049806 4 drwxr----- 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 16:20 ./.pki/nssdb 1048580 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Dec 28 2013 ./.bashrc 1048588 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw----r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -222 -ls [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw----r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# chmod a+w a.txt c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw--w-rw- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -222 -ls #这里强制要求所有者，所属组和其他人都必须有写入权限。 1048583 12 -rw--w-rw- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 ./a.txt 1048588 12 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw--w-rw- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -642 -ls #表示查找所有者必须有rw权限，所属组必须有r权限，其他人必须有w权限。 1048588 12 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm /022 -ls #022对应的权限为"----w--w-",表示查找所属组或者其他人有写入权限的文件，即2个条件满足一个即可。 1056283 12 -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt 1048583 12 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 ./a.txt 1048588 12 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
15>.处理动作
搜索到文件后咱们可以做相应的处理，find命令支持以下处理动作: print:
默认的处理动作，显示至屏幕 -ls:
类似于对查找到的文件执行"ls -l"命令 -delete:
删除查找到的文件 -fls file:
查找到的所有文件的长格式信息保存至指定文件中 -ok COMMAND {} \;
对查找到的每个文件执行由COMMAND指定的命令，{}表示引用查找到的文件名称自身，"\;"表示命令执行结束标示符。ok表示对于每个文件执行命令之前，都会交互式要求用户确认。 exec COMMAND {} \;
对查找到的每个文件执行由COMMAND指定的命令，和上面到功能类似，只不过执行命令时并不会有交互式要求用户确认，虽然方便，但是我们应该注意安全使用。 {}:
用于引用查找到的文件名称自身
find传递查找到的文件至后面指定的命令时，查找到所有符合条件的文件一次性传递给后面的命令
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -222 -ls #将查找的文件以常列表的形式列举出来。 1048588 12 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -222 -ls 1048588 12 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 ./c.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 48 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 11264 Dec 12 20:23 c.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -222 -delete #将查找到的文件直接删除掉 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 36 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 36 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -002 -ls 1056283 12 -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -002 -fls /root/res.log #将查找到的结果重定向到指定文件中。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat res.log 1056283 12 -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -002 -ls > /root/res2.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat res2.log 1056283 12 -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 44 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 d4.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:39 res2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:38 res.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -002 -ls 1056283 12 -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 ./d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -perm -002 -ok mv {} /tmp \; < mv ... ./d4.txt > ? y [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 32 -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:39 res2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:38 res.log [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /tmp/d4.txt -rw-r--rw- 1 root root 9216 Dec 12 20:24 /tmp/d4.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 32 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 apache -rw--w-r-- 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rw----r-- 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 nginx -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:39 res2.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:38 res.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 tomcat [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -type f -exec chmod a=rwx {} \; #在当前目录下查找所有到文件类型并授权为"rwx" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 apache -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10241 Dec 12 20:35 a.txt -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9217 Dec 12 20:25 b.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 nginx -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:39 res2.log -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 77 Dec 12 21:38 res.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 12 21:51 tomcat [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
如上图所示，首先看一下我的家目录/root下被标记的文件，其次，让我们用find这个命令去做一件事情，如下图所示。
学东西要学会举一反三，我要删除30天之前的文件怎么搞呢？先闭上眼睛想一想，然后看看你跟我的操作是一样的吗？如下图所示。
三.xargs参数传递
xargs的由来: 由于很多命令不支持管道|来传递参数，而日常工作中有这个必要，所以就有了xargs命令。 xargs的功能: xargs用于产生某个命令的参数，xargs可以读入stdin的数据，并且以空格符或回车符将stdin的数据分隔成为arguments。 有些命令不能接受过多参数，命令执行可能会失败，xargs可以解决。 注意: 文件名或者是其他意义的名词内含有空格符的情况
1>.xargs的默认处理方式
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 | xargs #默认情况下，xargs可以读入stdin的数据，并且以空格符将数据分为多个arguments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 | xargs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 | xargs echo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.将上一个标准输出的参数作为在一个命令的参数传递
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "/etc/fstab" /etc/fstab [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "/etc/fstab" | xargs cat #xargs可以将echo的标准输出传递给cat命令作为参数 # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Sep 5 01:48:13 2019 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=4e7ecb93-20a7-4ced-bf95-91974fc0b66a /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Sep 5 01:48:13 2019 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1 UUID=4e7ecb93-20a7-4ced-bf95-91974fc0b66a /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>."-n"参数使用
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 | xargs -n 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# seq 10 | xargs -n 3 #可以通过"-n"来指定每行显示的最大参数个数。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.删除使用find命令找到的参数
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# touch "user name.txt" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# touch file{1..3}.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file3.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 user name.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Dec 13 17:12 user.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir nginx tomcat httpd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 file3.txt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 httpd drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 nginx drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 tomcat -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 13 17:24 user name.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Dec 13 17:12 user.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -name "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -0 ls ./file1.txt ./file2.txt ./file3.txt ./user name.txt ./user.txt [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# find -name "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -0 rm #删除匹配查找到到文件，注意"-print0"表示不以默认空格符来切分文件，而是使用ASCII表到0来分隔开文件，通常要和xargs到"-0"配合使用。 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 httpd drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 nginx drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 17:25 tomcat [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.批量创建和删除用户案例
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo user{1..10} | xargs -n 1 user1 user2 user3 user4 user5 user6 user7 user8 user9 user10 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep user /etc/passwd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo user{1..10} | xargs -n 1 useradd #可以使用该命令批量创建10个用户 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep user /etc/passwd user1:x:1001:1001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1002:1002::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1003:1003::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1004:1004::/home/user4:/bin/bash user5:x:1005:1005::/home/user5:/bin/bash user6:x:1006:1006::/home/user6:/bin/bash user7:x:1007:1007::/home/user7:/bin/bash user8:x:1008:1008::/home/user8:/bin/bash user9:x:1009:1009::/home/user9:/bin/bash user10:x:1010:1010::/home/user10:/bin/bash [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /home/ total 60 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Sep 5 01:48 lost+found drwx------ 2 user1 user1 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user1 drwx------ 2 user10 user10 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user10 drwx------ 2 user2 user2 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user2 drwx------ 2 user3 user3 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user3 drwx------ 2 user4 user4 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user4 drwx------ 2 user5 user5 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user5 drwx------ 2 user6 user6 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user6 drwx------ 2 user7 user7 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user7 drwx------ 2 user8 user8 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user8 drwx------ 2 user9 user9 4096 Dec 13 17:07 user9 drwx------. 7 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 4096 Dec 12 19:48 yinzhengjie [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep user /etc/passwd user1:x:1001:1001::/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1002:1002::/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1003:1003::/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1004:1004::/home/user4:/bin/bash user5:x:1005:1005::/home/user5:/bin/bash user6:x:1006:1006::/home/user6:/bin/bash user7:x:1007:1007::/home/user7:/bin/bash user8:x:1008:1008::/home/user8:/bin/bash user9:x:1009:1009::/home/user9:/bin/bash user10:x:1010:1010::/home/user10:/bin/bash [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo user{1..10} | xargs -n 1 userdel -r #咱们也可以批量删除用户了 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /home/ total 20 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Sep 5 01:48 lost+found drwx------. 7 yinzhengjie yinzhengjie 4096 Dec 12 19:48 yinzhengjie [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep user /etc/passwd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat user.txt jason100 jason200 jason300 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat user.txt | xargs -n 1 jason100 jason200 jason300 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat user.txt | xargs -n 1 useradd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep jason /etc/passwd jason100:x:1001:1001::/home/jason100:/bin/bash jason200:x:1002:1002::/home/jason200:/bin/bash jason300:x:1003:1003::/home/jason300:/bin/bash [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat user.txt | xargs -n 1 userdel -r [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep jason /etc/passwd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.查看xargs命令的帮助信息
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# xargs --help Usage: xargs [OPTION]... COMMAND INITIAL-ARGS... Run COMMAND with arguments INITIAL-ARGS and more arguments read from input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Non-mandatory arguments are indicated by [square brackets] -0, --null Items are separated by a null, not whitespace. Disables quote and backslash processing -a, --arg-file=FILE Read arguments from FILE, not standard input -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER Input items are separated by CHARACTER, not by blank space. Disables quote and backslash processing -E END If END occurs as a line of input, the rest of the input is ignored. -e [END], --eof[=END] Equivalent to -E END if END is specified. Otherwise, there is no end-of-file string --help Print a summary of the options to xargs. -I R same as --replace=R (R must be specified) -i,--replace=[R] Replace R in initial arguments with names read from standard input. If R is unspecified, assume {} -L,-l, --max-lines=MAX-LINES Use at most MAX-LINES nonblank input lines per command line -l Use at most one nonblank input line per command line -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS Use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command line -P, --max-procs=MAX-PROCS Run up to max-procs processes at a time -p, --interactive Prompt before running commands --process-slot-var=VAR Set environment variable VAR in child processes -r, --no-run-if-empty If there are no arguments, run no command. If this option is not given, COMMAND will be run at least once. -s, --max-chars=MAX-CHARS Limit commands to MAX-CHARS at most --show-limits Show limits on command-line length. -t, --verbose Print commands before executing them --version Print the version number -x, --exit Exit if the size (see -s) is exceeded Report bugs to <bug-findutils@gnu.org>. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
当你的才华还撑不起你的野心的时候，你就应该静下心来学习。当你的能力还驾驭不了你的目标的时候，你就应该沉下心来历练。问问自己，想要怎样的人生。
欢迎交流学习技术交流，个人微信: "JasonYin2020"（添加时请备注来源及意图备注）
作者: 尹正杰, 博客: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/6207318.html
