MacOS系统基于VMware Fusion配置Ubuntu 22.04LTS环境
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
目录
一.VMware Fusion自定义网段
1.什么是VMware Fusion
VMware Fusion是VMware公司推出MacOS的虚拟化解决方案，熟悉"VMware Workstation"的小伙伴使用起来很友好。
因为这两个产品均出自一家公司，很多设计套路几乎是一致的。MacOS的用户仅需要个别配置注意下。
2.自定义VMware Fusion网段
1.停止vm网络服务
sudo /Applications/VMware\ Fusion.app/Contents/Library/vmnet-cli --stop
2.修改网段配置
# sudo vim /Library/Preferences/VMware\ Fusion/networking
...
# 仅需要修改VNET的网段，比如我将网段和子网掩码作如下修改。
answer VNET_8_HOSTONLY_NETMASK 255.255.255.0
answer VNET_8_HOSTONLY_SUBNET 10.0.0.0
3.应用配置生效,会覆盖现有的网络配置文件
sudo /Applications/VMware\ Fusion.app/Contents/Library/vmnet-cli --configure
...
温馨提示:
此步骤，会自动生成"/Library/Preferences/VMware\ Fusion/vmnet8/nat.conf"和"/Library/Preferences/VMware\ Fusion/vmnet8/dhcpd.conf"的配置文件，如果之前修改过的话会直接覆盖哟～
4.启动vm网络服务
sudo /Applications/VMware\ Fusion.app/Contents/Library/vmnet-cli --start
二.Ubuntu 22.04LTS基本配置
1.安装ubuntu系统
基于VMware Fusion或者"VMware Workstation"软件环境安装Ubuntu 22.04LTS版本可参考我之前的笔记。
参考链接:
https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/18253463
2.配置root用户登陆
1.更新软件源
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install gdm3 net-tools iputils-ping
2.修改"gdm-password"配置文件
sudo vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-password
...
# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success
3.修改"gdm-autologin"配置文件
sudo vim /etc/pam.d/gdm-autologin
...
# auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success
4.修改sshd服务的配置文件
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
...
PermitRootLogin yes
5.重启sshd服务
sudo systemctl restart sshd
6.配置root的密码
sudo passwd root
3.配置静态IP地址
1.修改网卡的配置文件
root@yinzhengjie:~# cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
ethernets:
ens33:
dhcp4: false
addresses:
- 10.0.0.99/24
routes:
- to: default
via: 10.0.0.2
nameservers:
addresses:
# 114 DNS
- 114.114.114.114
- 114.114.115.115
# 阿里云DNS
- 223.5.5.5
- 223.6.6.6
# 腾讯云DNS
- 119.29.29.29
- 119.28.28.28
# 百度DNS
- 180.76.76.76
# Google DNS
- 8.8.8.8
- 4.4.4.4
version: 2
root@yinzhengjie:~#
2.应用配置
root@yinzhengjie:~# netplan apply
WARNING:root:Cannot call Open vSwitch: ovsdb-server.service is not running.
root@yinzhengjie:~#
3.测试登陆
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ % ssh root@10.0.0.128
ssh: connect to host 10.0.0.128 port 22: Host is down
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ %
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ % ssh root@10.0.0.99
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.99 (10.0.0.99)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:0nx8FS4qKOmN/qeKLRFMrY/MlyqRKzHGi6zmiMhS/1Q.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: 10.0.0.128
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.99' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@10.0.0.99's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-112-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro
System information as of Sat Jun 8 05:47:16 AM UTC 2024
System load: 0.24853515625 Processes: 224
Usage of /: 33.1% of 22.94GB Users logged in: 2
Memory usage: 14% IPv4 address for ens33: 10.0.0.99
Swap usage: 0%
* Strictly confined Kubernetes makes edge and IoT secure. Learn how MicroK8s
just raised the bar for easy, resilient and secure K8s cluster deployment.
https://ubuntu.com/engage/secure-kubernetes-at-the-edge
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
24 updates can be applied immediately.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
*** System restart required ***
Last login: Sat Jun 8 05:30:29 2024 from 10.0.0.1
root@yinzhengjie:~#
4.修改默认的网卡为ens33
1.修改前查看网卡信息
root@yinzhengjie:~# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.99 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7c:3446 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:7c:34:46 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 183808 bytes 254335961 (254.3 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 27678 bytes 2825913 (2.8 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 177 bytes 16580 (16.5 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 177 bytes 16580 (16.5 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@yinzhengjie:~#
2.修改配置文件
root@yinzhengjie:~# vim /etc/default/grub
...
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
3.用"grub-mkconfig"工具重新生成新的配置文件
root@yinzhengjie:~# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-112-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-112-generic
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done
root@yinzhengjie:~#
4.查看网卡的配置信息
root@yinzhengjie:~# cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: false
addresses:
- 10.0.0.99/24
routes:
- to: default
via: 10.0.0.2
nameservers:
addresses:
# 114 DNS
- 114.114.114.114
- 114.114.115.115
# 阿里云DNS
- 223.5.5.5
- 223.6.6.6
# 腾讯云DNS
- 119.29.29.29
- 119.28.28.28
# 百度DNS
- 180.76.76.76
# Google DNS
- 8.8.8.8
- 4.4.4.4
version: 2
root@yinzhengjie:~#
5.重启虚拟机
root@yinzhengjie:~# reboot
Connection to 10.0.0.99 closed by remote host.
Connection to 10.0.0.99 closed.
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ %
6.连接测试，观察网卡是否变更成功
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ % ssh root@10.0.0.99
root@10.0.0.99's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-112-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro
System information as of Sat Jun 8 06:42:43 AM UTC 2024
System load: 0.59033203125 Processes: 296
Usage of /: 33.2% of 22.94GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 15% IPv4 address for eth0: 10.0.0.99
Swap usage: 0%
* Strictly confined Kubernetes makes edge and IoT secure. Learn how MicroK8s
just raised the bar for easy, resilient and secure K8s cluster deployment.
https://ubuntu.com/engage/secure-kubernetes-at-the-edge
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
24 updates can be applied immediately.
To see these additional updates run: apt list --upgradable
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
Last login: Sat Jun 8 05:47:16 2024 from 10.0.0.1
root@yinzhengjie:~#
root@yinzhengjie:~# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.99 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7c:3446 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:7c:34:46 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 265 bytes 303006 (303.0 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 118 bytes 17912 (17.9 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 115 bytes 9607 (9.6 KB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 115 bytes 9607 (9.6 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
root@yinzhengjie:~#
5.配置PS1变量
cat <<EOF >> ~/.bashrc
PS1='[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\]\[\e[31;1m\] \W\[\e[0m\]]# '
EOF
source ~/.bashrc
6.设置登陆界面为字符界面
1.切换到字符界面
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2.重启操作系统
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot
Connection to 10.0.0.99 closed by remote host.
Connection to 10.0.0.99 closed.
yinzhengjie@bogon ~ %
温馨提示:
我的环境默认安装的Ubuntu系统，对于VMware Fusion虚拟机打开发现是图形化界面，还没有终端可以操作。
因此建议配置完成后，一定要将默认级别设置为字符界面，如果你真的很想用图形化界面，可以使用如下命令。
方法一:
systemctl set-default graphical.target
方案二:
startx
方法三:
init 5
7.修改软件源
1.清华源 22.04 LTS为例：(**/etc/apt/sources.list**)
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
2.阿里源 ubuntu 22.04 LTS (jammy) 为例：(**/etc/apt/sources.list**)
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
参考链接:
https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu
8.vim基础优化
1.定义vim文件模板【可自行修改】
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat .vimtpl
#!/bin/bash
# Filename: %FILENAME%
# email: y1053419035@qq.com
# Author: 尹正杰(yinzhengjie) Jason Yin
# CurrentUser: %USER%
# Date: %DATE%
# Version: %VERSION%
# Blog: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie
# Description:
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2.配置vim配置并引用模板
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat .vimrc
" 设置字符编码为: utf-8
set encoding=utf-8
" 设置行号
set number
" 设置制表符宽度为4个空格
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
" 设置自动缩进和智能缩进
set autoindent
set smartindent
" 显示匹配的括号
set showmatch
" 开启自动换行
set wrap
" 开启搜索时忽略大小写
set ignorecase
" 高亮显示当前行
set cursorline
" 搜索时自动高亮匹配
set hlsearch
" 启用文件类型检测
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
" 设置原样粘贴，避免粘贴变行之类的
autocmd BufRead,BufNewFile * set paste
" 获取当前用户名
let s:current_user = $USER
" 设定默认版本号
let s:default_version = "v0.0.1"
" function! ReplaceTemplateVariables(timer_id)
function! YinZhengJieTpl(timer_id)
let l:current_date = strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
let l:current_filename = expand('%:t')
" 替换对应的占位符
execute "%s/%DATE%/" . l:current_date . "/g"
execute "%s/%FILENAME%/" . l:current_filename . "/g"
execute "%s/%User%/" . s:current_user . "/g"
execute "%s/%VERSION%/" . s:default_version . "/g"
" 设置光标位置
call cursor(9, 20)
endfunction
" 安装 Timer 插件（如果尚未安装）
if !exists('g:loaded_timer') && !exists('g:did_timer_plugin')
silent! timer defer timer_start 1
let g:did_timer_plugin = 1
endif
" 调用模板
autocmd BufNewFile *.sh 0r ~/.vimtpl | call timer_start(100, 'YinZhengJieTpl')
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
3.测试效果，如上图所示
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim yinzhengjie-autoinstall-docker.sh
本文来自博客园，作者：尹正杰，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/18257781，个人微信: "JasonYin2020"（添加时请备注来源及意图备注，有偿付费）
当你的才华还撑不起你的野心的时候，你就应该静下心来学习。当你的能力还驾驭不了你的目标的时候，你就应该沉下心来历练。问问自己，想要怎样的人生。
