Nginx反向代理功能-使用upstream指令反向代理多台web服务器案例
Nginx反向代理功能-使用upstream指令反向代理多台web服务器案例
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
Nginx可以基于ngx_http_upstream_module模块提供服务器分组转发、权重分配、状态监测、调度算法等高级功能。接下来我们一起学习一下吧。
一.http upstream常用配置参数
server支持的parameters如下： weight=number 设置权重，默认为1。 max_conns=number 给当前server设置最大活动链接数，默认为0表示没有限制。 max_fails=number 对后端服务器连续监测失败多少次就标记为不可用。 fail_timeout=time 对后端服务器的单次监测超时时间，默认为10秒。 backup 设置为备份服务器，当所有服务器不可用时将重新启用次服务器。 down 标记为down状态。 resolve 当server定义的是主机名的时候，当A记录发生变化会自动应用新IP而不用重启Nginx。 hash KEY consistent； 基于指定key做hash计算，使用consistent参数，将使用ketama一致性hash算法，适用于后端是Cache服务器（如varnish）时使用，consistent定义使用一致性hash运算，一致性hash基于取模运算。所谓取模运算，就是计算两个数相除之后的余数，比如10%7=3, 7%4=3 hash $request_uri consistent; 基于用户请求的uri做hash ip_hash； 源地址hash调度方法，基于的客户端的remote_addr(源地址)做hash计算，以实现会话保持。 least_conn; 最少连接调度算法，优先将客户端请求调度到当前连接最少的后端服务器。 博主推荐阅读: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#upstream
二.试验数据准备
1>.试验操作环境
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m x86_64 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 7.6G 311M 6.3G 11M 1.0G 7.0G Swap: 7.9G 0B 7.9G [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 172.30.1.101 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn node101.yinzhengjie.com 172.30.1.102 node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.103 node103.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.104 node104.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.105 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.106 node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.107 node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn 172.30.1.108 node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.试验架构说明
node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn
Nginx反向代理服务器
node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn
使用curl命令模拟客户端
node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn
Apache Httpd服务器
node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn
Apache Httpd服务器
node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn
Apache Hattpd服务器
3>.node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn操作
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:09 (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:10 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:05 (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 206 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:14 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/app01 [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn" > /var/www/html/app01/index.html [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "linux106" > /var/www/html/app01/linux.html [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/app01/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Dec 27 20:07 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 27 21:05 linux.html [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/index.html node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/linux.html linux106 [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn操作
[root@node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:09 (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:10 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:05 (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 206 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:14 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [root@node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/app01 [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn" > /var/www/html/app01/index.html [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "linux107" > /var/www/html/app01/linux.html [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/app01/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Dec 27 20:05 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 27 21:07 linux.html [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/linux.html linux107 [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/index.html node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn操作
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:09 (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:10 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:05 (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 206 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:14 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/app01 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn" > /var/www/html/app01/index.html [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "linux108" > /var/www/html/app01/linux.html [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /var/www/html/app01/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Dec 27 20:08 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9 Dec 27 21:09 linux.html [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/linux.html linux108 [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/app01/index.html node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
三.在Nginx上配置服务器轮询案例(当权重一样的两个节点默认就是轮询模式，生产环境中推荐使用轮询策略)
1>.编辑Nginx的主配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf worker_processes 4; worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000; events { worker_connections 100000; use epoll; accept_mutex on; multi_accept on; } http { include mime.types; default_type text/html; server_tokens off; charset utf-8; log_format my_access_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",' '"host":"$server_addr",' '"clientip":"$remote_addr",' '"size":$body_bytes_sent,' '"responsetime":$request_ti me,' '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",' '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",' '"http_host":"$host",' '"uri":"$uri",' '"domain":"$host",' '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",' '"referer":"$http_referer",' '"tcp_xff":"$proxy_protocol_addr",' '"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",' '"status":"$status"}'; access_log logs/access_json.log my_access_json; ssl_certificate /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/certs/www.yinzhengjie.org.cn.crt; ssl_certificate_key /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/certs/www.yinzhengjie.org.cn.key; ssl_session_cache shared:sslcache:20m; ssl_session_timeout 10m; include /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.编辑nginx的子配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf upstream webserver { server 172.30.1.106:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.107:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.108:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3 backup; } server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn; access_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_access.log my_access_json; error_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_error.log; location / { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/cn; index index.html; } location = /favicon.ico { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd; } location /app01 { proxy_pass http://webserver; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; } } [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.重新加载nginx的配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 21509 1 0 Dec26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 22571 21509 0 18:43 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nginx 22572 21509 0 18:43 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nginx 22573 21509 0 18:43 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22574 21509 0 18:43 ? 00:00:01 nginx: worker process nginx 22575 21509 0 18:43 ? 00:00:00 nginx: cache manager process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 21509 1 0 Dec26 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 22800 21509 4 19:55 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22801 21509 6 19:55 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22802 21509 4 19:55 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22803 21509 6 19:55 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn模拟客户端访问
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# while true;do curl -L http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/app01/index.html;sleep 1.5;done
5>.让node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点宕机，观察输出结果，此时node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点并未加入集群
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl stop httpd [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.让node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点也宕机，观察输出结果，此时node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn立即加入集群
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl stop httpd [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
四.基于源IP地址的hash调度案例(生产环境中并不推荐使用，会导致负载均衡器调度不均衡的情况)
1>.修改nginx的子配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf upstream webserver { server 172.30.1.106:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.107:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.108:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3 backup; ip_hash; } server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn; access_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_access.log my_access_json; error_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_error.log; location / { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/cn; index index.html; } location = /favicon.ico { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd; } location /app01 { proxy_pass http://webserver; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; } } [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.重新加载nginx的配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 22838 22837 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22839 22837 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22840 22837 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 22841 22837 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 23006 22837 1 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23007 22837 1 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23008 22837 1 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23009 22837 1 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn访问nginx观察调度情况，结果同一个IP地址的请求始终打到了同一台web服务器。 
4>.让node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点宕机，观察输出结果，此时node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点并未加入集群
[root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl stop httpd [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.让node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点也宕机，观察输出结果，此时node108.yinzhengjie.org.cn立即加入集群
[root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl stop httpd [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node107.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
五.最少连接数策略(哪个节点连接数少就把请求调度给哪台服务器，这就是最少链接数策略，如果后端两台web服务器的配置一样的话该算法推荐使用)
1>.修改子配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf upstream webserver { server 172.30.1.106:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.107:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.108:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3 backup; #ip_hash; least_conn; } server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn; access_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_access.log my_access_json; error_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_error.log; location / { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/cn; index index.html; } location = /favicon.ico { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd; } location /app01 { proxy_pass http://webserver; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; } } [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.重新加载nginx的配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 23006 22837 0 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23007 22837 0 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23008 22837 0 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23009 22837 0 20:09 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 23031 22837 0 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23032 22837 1 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23033 22837 1 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23034 22837 1 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.在node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点测试
看输出结果是否和轮询优点类似？不过，需要注意的是，无论是轮询还是最小连接数算法都解决不了会话保持的问题哟~
六.基于用户请求的uri做hash(这种策略一般是多用于缓存的)
1>.修改nginx的配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/node101_yinzhengjie_org.cn.conf upstream webserver { server 172.30.1.106:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.107:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3; server 172.30.1.108:80 weight=1 fail_timeout=5s max_fails=3 backup; #ip_hash; #least_conn; hash $request_uri consistent; } server { listen 80; listen 443 ssl; server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn; access_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_access.log my_access_json; error_log /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/logs/node101_yinzhengjie_org_cn_error.log; location / { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/cn; index index.html; } location = /favicon.ico { root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/images/jd; } location /app01 { proxy_pass http://webserver; proxy_connect_timeout 60s; } } [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.重新加载nginx的配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 23031 22837 0 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23032 22837 0 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23033 22837 0 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23034 22837 0 20:29 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep root 22837 1 0 19:57 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx nginx 23047 22837 0 20:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23048 22837 0 20:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23049 22837 0 20:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process nginx 23050 22837 0 20:39 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/app01/index.html",由于访问的是同一个url因此会被调度到同一台服务器上
4>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/app01/linux.html",由于访问的是同一个url因此会被调度到同一台服务器上
本文来自博客园，作者：尹正杰，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12104652.html，个人微信: "JasonYin2020"（添加时请备注来源及意图备注，有偿付费）
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