Nginx核心配置-根目录root指令与别名alias指令实战案例

　　　　　　　　　　Nginx核心配置-根目录root指令与别名alias指令实战案例

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

一.试验环境说明

1>.虚拟机环境说明

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep 172.30.1.101 /etc/hosts
172.30.1.101 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn  
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.主配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000; 

events {
    worker_connections  100000;
    use epoll;
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on; 
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    gzip  on;
    charset utf-8;
    keepalive_timeout  65 65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
     
   #导入其他路径的配置文件
   include /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.Nginx源码方式安装步骤

博主推荐阅读:
    https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12031651.html

二.编辑root案例

1>.编辑子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/pc;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /image {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        index index.html;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.创建测试数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Welcome to 'https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/'</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat  /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Welcome to 'https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/'</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# file  /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html: ASCII text
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image’
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total 244
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248743 Dec 15 22:38 01人柱力.jpg
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mv 01人柱力.jpg /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/01.jpg　　　　　　　　#你可以自己从网上下载一些图片，我这直接从本地拷贝的。
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total 0
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(0,0,255)'>In the Image</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/
total 248
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 248743 Dec 15 22:38 01.jpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     49 Dec 15 23:07 index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cd /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# file 01.jpg 
01.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# file index.html 
index.html: ASCII text
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]#

3>.重新加载配置文件，是子配置文件生效

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2999     1  0 22:24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     3141  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3142  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3143  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3144  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep　　　　　　　　　　　　　#master进程的ID并没有发生改变，但worker进程的PID变化了，说明reload执行成功了。
root      2999     1  0 22:24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     3157  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3158  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3159  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3160  2999  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 、

4>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

5>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/01.jpg",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

三.编辑alias案例

1>.修改子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/pc;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /image {
        #注意,root指令表示指定默认的web根目录所在位置,当请求到当前location时，其实访问的是/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/index.html
        #root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        #alias和root是有所区别的，alias指令表示指定路径别名,当请求到当前location时，其实访问的是/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
        alias /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        index index.html;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.重新加载nginx的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2999     1  0 22:24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     3667  2999  0 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3668  2999  0 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3669  2999  0 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3670  2999  0 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2999     1  0 22:24 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     3675  2999  4 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3676  2999  5 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3677  2999  5 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     3678  2999  5 23:19 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

3>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

4>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/01.jpg",不可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

posted @ 2019-12-13 20:12 尹正杰阅读(1206) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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Nginx核心配置-根目录root指令与别名alias指令实战案例

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