Linux操作系统故障排除之Grub信息被删除

　　　　　　　　　　　　Linux操作系统故障排除之Grub信息被删除

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

 

 

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240
00000000  eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.H..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02  |.........|...t..|
00000040  80 00 00 80 fe 49 08 00  00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |.....I..........|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  76 d2 09 00 00 00 80 20  |........v...... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00002800
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240　　　　　　#在模拟故障之前，我们查看20个扇区的信息,使用grub或者grub-install命令修复后再次观察20个分区信息，你会发现是有差异的哟~

一.模拟故障

1>.查看分区信息

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
                       50G  3.6G   44G   8% /
tmpfs                 1.9G  228K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   41M  411M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_home
                      439G   71M  417G   1% /home
/dev/sr0              3.8G  3.8G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.10_Final
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

2>.查看grub分区

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.H..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02  |.........|...t..|
00000040  80 00 00 80 fe 49 08 00  00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |.....I..........|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  76 d2 09 00 00 00 80 20  |........v...... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

3>.删除grub信息并重启操作系统

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446
446+0 records in
446+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000656519 s, 679 kB/s
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot 

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
    (/dev/pts/0) at 20:41 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

4>.发现操作系统无法正常启动，直接进入光盘界面了(本来优先从硬盘启动，结果发现MBR分区信息全为0，因此认为硬盘没有启动功能，直接读取光盘信息)

  

二.通过光盘修复故障

1>.选择救援模式(Rescue installed system)

2>.语言选择"English"，默认即可

3>.键盘选择"us"，默认即可

4>.不启用网络接口(咱们现在是维护模式)

5>.选择continue

6>.选择"ok"

7>.继续选择"ok"

8>.按回车即可进入bash环境

9>.切换根并尝试修复grub信息

10>.grub修复成功后，别忘记同步一下信息

11>.连续输入两个exit

12>.选择重启操作系统

13>.启动成功

 

三.通过grub命令修复

1>.备份grub分区

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/root/mbr bs=1 count=512　　　　　　　　　　#如果生产环境中你有两台电脑操作系统分区是一样的，你可以拿另一台grub分区来还原。
512+0 records in
512+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00105919 s, 483 kB/s
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /root/mbr 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Dec  2 21:13 /root/mbr
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

2>.清空grub信息

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.H..............|
00000010  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02  |................|
00000040  ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00  00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |... ............|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446
446+0 records in
446+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.00113958 s, 391 kB/s
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446

3>.使用grub命令修复grub分区

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
                       50G  3.6G   44G   8% /
tmpfs                 1.9G   72K  1.9G   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   41M  411M   9% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_home
                      439G   71M  417G   1% /home
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/　　　　　　　　#grub分区依赖于该目录中的文件，若这些文件不存在则无法通过grub分区修复(你可以将他们暂时移动到别的目录，执行下面的grub命令相关的操作就会修复失败)
total 274
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     63 Dec  1 07:34 device.map
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  13428 Dec  3  2019 e2fs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  12636 Dec  3  2019 fat_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11780 Dec  3  2019 ffs_stage1_5
-rw-------. 1 root root    839 Dec  1 07:36 grub.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11772 Dec  3  2019 iso9660_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  13284 Dec  3  2019 jfs_stage1_5
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root     11 Dec  1 07:34 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11972 Dec  3  2019 minix_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  14428 Dec  3  2019 reiserfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   1341 Nov 15  2010 splash.xpm.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    512 Dec  3  2019 stage1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 126148 Dec  3  2019 stage2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  12040 Dec  3  2019 ufs2_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  11380 Dec  3  2019 vstafs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  13980 Dec  3  2019 xfs_stage1_5
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.


    GNU GRUB  version 0.97  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)

 [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB
   lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
   completions of a device/filename.]
grub> root (hd0,0)
root (hd0,0)
 Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> 

grub> setup (hd0)
setup (hd0)
 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no
 Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... yes
 Checking if "/grub/stage2" exists... yes
 Checking if "/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
 Running "embed /grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"...  27 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
 Running "install /grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+27 p (hd0,0)/grub/stage2 /grub/grub.conf"... succeeded
Done.
grub>        

grub> quit
quit
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

4>.grub-install比grub命令要好使(因为它不依赖于文件)

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446
446+0 records in
446+0 records out
446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000762872 s, 585 kB/s
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.


    GNU GRUB  version 0.97  (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)

 [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported.  For the first word, TAB
   lists possible command completions.  Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
   completions of a device/filename.]
grub> root (hd0,0) 
root (hd0,0)
 Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub>  

grub> setup (hd0)
setup (hd0)
 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no
 Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no

Error 15t: File not found　　　　　　　　#这里报错啦~
grub> 

grub> quit
quit
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512　　　　　　#很明显通过grub命令修复失败了
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/
total 0
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub-install /dev/sda　　　　　　　　#使用grub-install命令进行修复
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.

(fd0)    /dev/fd0
(hd0)    /dev/sda
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512
00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................|
00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............|
00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......|
00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r|
00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.|
00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......|
000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........|
000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... |
000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........|
000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/　　　　　　　　#我们发现grub-install命令不仅仅是修复grub分区，还会自动把1.5 stage的文件自动成了啦~
total 255
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Dec 2 21:26 device.map
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13428 Dec 2 21:26 e2fs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12636 Dec 2 21:26 fat_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11780 Dec 2 21:26 ffs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11772 Dec 2 21:26 iso9660_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13284 Dec 2 21:26 jfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11972 Dec 2 21:26 minix_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14428 Dec 2 21:26 reiserfs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Dec 2 21:26 stage1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126148 Dec 2 21:26 stage2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12040 Dec 2 21:26 ufs2_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11380 Dec 2 21:26 vstafs_stage1_5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13980 Dec 2 21:26 xfs_stage1_5
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240 
00000000  eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |.H..............|
00000010  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000030  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02  |................|
00000040  ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00  00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |... ............|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|<.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08  00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd  |!....?..........|
000001d0  1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8  0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00  |.?.........Xp>..|
000001e0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200  52 56 5e bf f8 21 66 8b  2d 83 7d 04 00 0f 84 c4  |RV^..!f.-.}.....|
00000210  00 80 7c ff 00 74 3e 66  8b 1d 66 31 c0 b0 7f 39  |..|..t>f..f1...9|
00000220  45 04 7f 03 8b 45 04 29  45 04 66 01 05 c7 04 10  |E....E.)E.f.....|
00000230  00 89 44 02 66 89 5c 08  c7 44 06 00 70 50 66 31  |..D.f.\..D..pPf1|
00000240  c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c  b4 42 cd 13 0f 82 93 00  |..D.f.D..B......|
00000250  bb 00 70 eb 56 66 8b 05  66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54  |..p.Vf..f1.f.4.T|
00000260  0a 66 31 d2 66 f7 74 04  88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44  |.f1.f.t..T..D.;D|
00000270  08 7d 68 8b 04 2a 44 0a  39 45 04 7f 03 8b 45 04  |.}h..*D.9E....E.|
00000280  29 45 04 66 01 05 8a 54  0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe  |)E.f...T.....L..|
00000290  c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a 52  8a 74 0b 50 bb 00 70 8e  |....l.ZR.t.P..p.|
000002a0  c3 31 db b4 02 cd 13 72  3a 8c c3 8e 45 06 58 c1  |.1.....r:...E.X.|
000002b0  e0 05 01 45 06 60 1e c1  e0 04 89 c1 31 ff 31 f6  |...E.`......1.1.|
000002c0  8e db fc f3 a4 1f 61 83  7d 04 00 0f 85 42 ff 83  |......a.}....B..|
000002d0  ef 08 e9 34 ff 5a ea 00  22 00 00 be 07 21 e8 3f  |...4.Z.."....!.?|
000002e0  00 eb 06 be 0c 21 e8 37  00 be 11 21 e8 31 00 eb  |.....!.7...!.1..|
000002f0  fe 4c 6f 61 64 69 6e 67  20 73 74 61 67 65 31 2e  |.Loading stage1.|
00000300  35 00 2e 00 0d 0a 00 47  65 6f 6d 00 52 65 61 64  |5......Geom.Read|
00000310  00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00  bb 01 00 b4 0e cd 10 46  |. Error........F|
00000320  8a 04 3c 00 75 f2 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..<.u...........|
00000330  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000003f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  02 00 00 00 1a 00 20 02  |.............. .|
00000400  ea 70 22 00 00 00 03 02  ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00  |.p".............|
00000410  02 00 30 2e 39 37 00 ff  ff 00 ff 2f 67 72 75 62  |..0.97...../grub|
00000420  2f 73 74 61 67 65 32 20  2f 67 72 75 62 2f 67 72  |/stage2 /grub/gr|
00000430  75 62 2e 63 6f 6e 66 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ub.conf.........|
00000440  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000470  fa 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 8e  c0 67 66 89 2d fc 24 00  |.1.......gf.-.$.|
00000480  00 66 bd f0 1f 00 00 66  89 ec fb 67 88 15 f8 24  |.f.....f...g...$|
00000490  00 00 cd 13 66 e8 61 00  00 00 bf 74 54 00 00 b9  |....f.a....tT...|
000004a0  28 55 00 00 29 f9 30 c0  fc f3 aa e8 98 02 00 00  |(U..).0.........|
000004b0  e8 8c 00 00 00 f4 e9 fa  ff ff ff 8b 44 24 08 a3  |............D$..|
000004c0  00 25 00 00 89 c3 66 8b  44 24 04 66 a3 04 25 00  |.%....f.D$.f..%.|
000004d0  00 c1 e0 04 01 c3 a1 24  55 00 00 89 83 08 00 00  |.......$U.......|
000004e0  00 8a 15 64 54 00 00 8b  4c 24 0c e8 51 00 00 00  |...dT...L$..Q...|
000004f0  66 89 cd 67 66 ff 2d 00  25 00 00 fa 67 66 0f 01  |f..gf.-.%...gf..|
00000500  15 40 25 00 00 0f 20 c0  66 83 c8 01 0f 22 c0 66  |.@%... .f....".f|
00000510  ea 17 23 00 00 08 00 66  b8 10 00 8e d8 8e c0 8e  |..#....f........|
00000520  e0 8e e8 8e d0 8b 04 24  a3 f0 1f 00 00 a1 f4 24  |.......$.......$|
00000530  00 00 89 c4 89 c5 a1 f0  1f 00 00 89 04 24 31 c0  |.............$1.|
00000540  c3 0f 01 15 40 25 00 00  89 e0 a3 f4 24 00 00 8b  |....@%......$...|
00000550  04 24 a3 f0 1f 00 00 b8  f0 1f 00 00 89 c4 89 c5  |.$..............|
00000560  66 b8 20 00 8e d8 8e c0  8e e0 8e e8 8e d0 ea 75  |f. ............u|
00000570  23 00 00 18 00 0f 20 c0  66 83 e0 fe 0f 22 c0 66  |#..... .f....".f|
00000580  ea 87 23 00 00 00 00 66  31 c0 8e d8 8e c0 8e e0  |..#....f1.......|
00000590  8e e8 8e d0 fb 66 c3 55  89 e5 56 53 8b 45 10 66  |.....f.U..VS.E.f|
000005a0  89 c6 66 31 c0 c1 e8 04  66 89 c1 8a 55 0c 66 8b  |..f1....f...U.f.|
000005b0  5d 08 e8 8a ff ff ff 89  d8 8e d9 cd 13 88 e2 31  |]..............1|
000005c0  c0 8e d8 66 e8 32 ff ff  ff 88 d0 5b 5e 5d c3 55  |...f.2.....[^].U|
000005d0  89 e5 53 57 56 8b 45 10  88 c5 8a 45 18 c0 e0 02  |..SWV.E....E....|
000005e0  66 c1 e8 02 88 c1 8a 75  14 8a 55 0c 66 8b 5d 20  |f......u..U.f.] |
000005f0  8a 65 08 8a 45 1c 66 89  c7 e8 43 ff ff ff 8e c3  |.e..E.f...C.....|
00000600  31 db be 03 00 89 f8 cd  13 73 10 88 e3 31 c0 cd  |1........s...1..|
00000610  13 4e 83 fe 00 74 04 30  db eb ea 66 e8 da fe ff  |.N...t.0...f....|
00000620  ff 88 d8 5e 5f 5b 5d c3  55 89 e5 53 8a 55 08 e8  |...^_[].U..S.U..|
00000630  0d ff ff ff b4 41 bb aa  55 cd 13 72 14 81 fb 55  |.....A..U..r...U|
00000640  aa 75 0e 88 e3 a0 11 22  84 c0 75 07 83 e1 01 75  |.u....."..u....u|
00000650  02 30 db 66 e8 a2 fe ff  ff 88 d8 5b 5d c3 55 89  |.0.f.......[].U.|
00000660  e5 53 57 8a 55 08 e8 d6  fe ff ff b4 08 cd 13 84  |.SW.U...........|
00000670  e4 75 07 f6 c1 3f 75 02  b4 60 88 e3 66 e8 79 fe  |.u...?u..`..f.y.|
00000680  ff ff 8d 6c 24 08 88 f0  40 8b 7d 10 89 07 31 c0  |...l$...@.}...1.|
00000690  88 c8 24 3f 8b 7d 14 89  07 c0 e9 06 88 cc 88 e8  |..$?.}..........|
000006a0  40 8b 7d 0c 89 07 31 c0  88 d8 5f 5b 5d c3 55 53  |@.}...1..._[].US|
000006b0  8b 5c 24 0c e8 88 fe ff  ff 80 fb 01 66 74 05 cd  |.\$.........ft..|
000006c0  12 66 eb 04 b4 88 cd 15  89 c3 66 e8 2b fe ff ff  |.f........f.+...|
000006d0  66 89 d8 5b 5d c3 8b 54  24 04 60 b3 07 e8 5f fe  |f..[]..T$.`..._.|
000006e0  ff ff 88 d0 30 ff b4 0e  cd 10 66 e8 0b fe ff ff  |....0.....f.....|
000006f0  61 c3 66 90 f0 7f 06 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |a.f.............|
00000700  00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000710  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
00000720  ff ff 00 00 00 9a cf 00  ff ff 00 00 00 92 cf 00  |................|
00000730  ff ff 00 00 00 9e 00 00  ff ff 00 00 00 92 00 00  |................|
00000740  27 00 18 25 00 00 90 90  55 89 e5 83 ec 34 6a 00  |'..%....U....4j.|
00000750  e8 59 ff ff ff c7 04 24  01 00 00 00 a3 90 54 00  |.Y.....$......T.|
00000760  00 e8 48 ff ff ff 8b 15  08 22 00 00 89 15 e4 54  |..H......".....T|
00000770  00 00 5a a3 94 54 00 00  a1 f8 24 00 00 8d 55 e0  |..Z..T....$...U.|
00000780  59 52 50 a3 e8 54 00 00  e8 bf 24 00 00 83 c4 10  |YRP..T....$.....|
00000790  85 c0 75 06 f6 45 f4 02  75 0c c7 05 30 54 00 00  |..u..E..u...0T..|
000007a0  ff 00 00 00 eb 0a a1 f8  24 00 00 a3 30 54 00 00  |........$...0T..|
000007b0  e8 c8 18 00 00 c9 c3 90  55 89 e5 8b 45 10 8b 4d  |........U...E..M|
000007c0  08 57 56 53 bb 0a 00 00  00 31 d2 f7 f3 83 fa 0a  |.WVS.....1......|
000007d0  8d 72 57 8d 7a 30 0f 4c  f7 85 c0 89 f2 88 11 8d  |.rW.z0.L........|
000007e0  51 01 74 04 89 d1 eb e1  8b 45 08 89 d6 eb 0a 8a  |Q.t......E......|
000007f0  19 8a 10 88 11 49 88 18  40 39 c1 77 f2 89 f0 5b  |.....I..@9.w...[|
00000800  5e 5f 5d c3 55 89 e5 8b  45 08 5d 8d 48 bf 8d 50  |^_].U...E.].H..P|
00000810  20 83 f9 19 0f 46 c2 c3  55 89 e5 8b 45 08 5d 8d  | ....F..U...E.].|
00000820  48 9f 8d 50 e0 83 f9 19  0f 46 c2 c3 55 31 c0 89  |H..P.....F..U1..|
00000830  e5 8b 55 08 83 ea 09 83  fa 17 77 07 8b 04 95 78  |..U.......w....x|
00000840  52 00 00 5d c3 55 31 c0  89 e5 8b 4d 0c 53 8b 5d  |R..].U1....M.S.]|
00000850  08 eb 09 40 84 d2 75 04  31 c0 eb 10 8a 14 03 3a  |...@..u.1......:|
00000860  14 01 74 ef 80 fa 01 19  c0 83 c8 01 5b 5d c3 55  |..t.........[].U|
00000870  31 c9 89 e5 57 56 53 eb  09 41 84 db 75 04 31 c0  |1...WVS..A..u.1.|
00000880  eb 34 8b 45 08 8a 1c 08  0f be d3 8d 72 bf 83 fe  |.4.E........r...|
00000890  19 8b 75 0c 8d 42 20 0f  46 d0 0f be 04 0e 8d 78  |..u..B .F......x|
000008a0  bf 83 ff 19 8d 70 20 0f  46 c6 39 c2 74 cb 80 fb  |.....p .F.9.t...|
000008b0  01 19 c0 83 c8 01 5b 5e  5f 5d c3 55 89 e5 8b 45  |......[^_].U...E|
000008c0  08 8b 4d 0c 3d ff 0f 00  00 7e 29 3d ff ff 0f 00  |..M.=....~)=....|
000008d0  7f 0e 8b 15 90 54 00 00  8d 04 01 c1 e2 0a eb 10  |.....T..........|
000008e0  8b 15 94 54 00 00 8d 84  08 00 00 f0 ff c1 e2 0a  |...T............|
000008f0  39 c2 73 0a c7 05 74 54  00 00 1c 00 00 00 31 c0  |9.s...tT......1.|
00000900  83 3d 74 54 00 00 00 5d  0f 94 c0 c3 55 31 c0 89  |.=tT...]....U1..|
00000910  e5 56 8b 4d 0c 53 8b 75  10 8b 5d 08 eb 07 8a 14  |.V.M.S.u..].....|
00000920  01 88 14 03 40 39 f0 7c  f5 5b 5e 5d c3 55 89 e5  |....@9.|.[^].U..|
00000930  57 56 53 83 ec 04 8b 4d  10 8b 5d 08 8b 75 0c 51  |WVS....M..]..u.Q|
00000940  53 89 4d f0 e8 72 ff ff  ff 5a 59 8b 4d f0 85 c0  |S.M..r...ZY.M...|
00000950  74 17 39 f3 73 07 89 df  fc f3 a4 eb 0c 8d 79 ff  |t.9.s.........y.|
00000960  01 fe 8d 3c 3b fd f3 a4  fc 83 3d 74 54 00 00 00  |...<;.....=tT...|
00000970  b8 00 00 00 00 0f 45 d8  89 d8 8d 65 f4 5b 5e 5f  |......E....e.[^_|
00000980  5d c3 55 89 e5 56 8b 75  10 53 8b 5d 08 56 53 e8  |].U..V.u.S.].VS.|
00000990  27 ff ff ff 5a 59 85 c0  74 0f 89 d8 eb 07 8a 55  |'...ZY..t......U|
000009a0  0c 4e 88 10 40 85 f6 7f  f5 83 3d 74 54 00 00 00  |.N..@.....=tT...|
000009b0  b8 00 00 00 00 0f 45 d8  89 d8 8d 65 f8 5b 5e 5d  |......E....e.[^]|
000009c0  c3 55 89 e5 53 83 ec 04  8b 5d 08 83 fb 0a 75 0d  |.U..S....]....u.|
000009d0  83 ec 0c 6a 0d e8 e7 ff  ff ff 83 c4 10 89 5d 08  |...j..........].|
000009e0  8b 5d fc c9 e9 ed fc ff  ff 55 85 c0 89 e5 56 89  |.].......U....V.|
000009f0  ce 53 88 d1 74 0d 8b 18  85 db 74 07 88 13 43 89  |.S..t.....t...C.|
00000a00  18 eb 0f 83 ec 0c 0f be  c1 50 e8 b2 ff ff ff 83  |.........P......|
00000a10  c4 10 ff 06 8d 65 f8 5b  5e 5d c3 55 89 e5 57 89  |.....e.[^].U..W.|
00000a20  cf 56 89 c6 53 b8 5c 52  00 00 83 ec 0c 89 d3 85  |.V..S.\R........|
00000a30  d2 0f 44 d8 eb 0d 0f be  d2 89 f9 89 f0 43 e8 a6  |..D..........C..|
00000a40  ff ff ff 8a 13 84 d2 75  ed 83 c4 0c 5b 5e 5f 5d  |.......u....[^_]|
00000a50  c3 55 31 c0 89 e5 57 56  53 81 ec ac 00 00 00 8b  |.U1...WVS.......|
00000a60  4d 0c c7 45 e4 00 00 00  00 8a 11 84 d2 0f 84 0f  |M..E............|
00000a70  0a 00 00 41 89 8d 7c ff  ff ff 8d 7d b8 b9 01 00  |...A..|....}....|
00000a80  00 00 c7 45 84 00 00 00  00 c7 45 80 00 00 00 00  |...E......E.....|
00000a90  c7 45 94 00 00 00 00 c7  45 90 00 00 00 00 c7 45  |.E......E......E|
00000aa0  b0 00 00 00 00 85 c9 74  29 c6 45 b8 00 c7 45 84  |.......t).E...E.|
00000ab0  00 00 00 00 c7 45 80 00  00 00 00 c7 45 94 00 00  |.....E......E...|
00000ac0  00 00 c7 45 90 00 00 00  00 c7 45 b0 00 00 00 00  |...E......E.....|
00000ad0  eb 04 85 c0 75 3a 80 fa  25 75 1b 8b 45 b0 31 c9  |....u:..%u..E.1.|
00000ae0  c6 44 05 b8 25 40 c6 44  05 b8 00 8b 5d 10 89 45  |.D..%@.D....]..E|
00000af0  b0 e9 5f 09 00 00 8d 4d  e4 0f be d2 8d 45 08 e8  |.._....M.....E..|
00000b00  e5 fe ff ff 8b 5d 10 31  c9 31 c0 e9 4a 09 00 00  |.....].1.1..J...|
00000b10  80 fa 58 0f 84 b8 05 00  00 7f 41 80 fa 39 7f 1c  |..X.......A..9..|
00000b20  80 fa 31 0f 8d c5 00 00  00 80 fa 25 74 79 80 fa  |..1........%ty..|
00000b30  30 0f 85 f9 08 00 00 e9  93 00 00 00 80 fa 50 0f  |0.............P.|
00000b40  84 ac 04 00 00 80 fa 55  0f 84 6e 03 00 00 80 fa  |.......U..n.....|
00000b50  4c 0f 85 d9 08 00 00 e9  ce 00 00 00 80 fa 70 0f  |L.............p.|
00000b60  84 93 04 00 00 7f 20 80  fa 64 0f 84 14 01 00 00  |...... ..d......|
00000b70  80 fa 6c 0f 84 95 00 00  00 80 fa 63 0f 85 ae 08  |..l........c....|
00000b80  00 00 e9 c3 00 00 00 80  fa 75 0f 84 2c 03 00 00  |.........u..,...|
00000b90  80 fa 78 0f 84 3f 05 00  00 80 fa 73 0f 85 8e 08  |..x..?.....s....|
00000ba0  00 00 e9 02 03 00 00 83  7d b0 00 74 0d 8d 4d e4  |........}..t..M.|
00000bb0  89 fa 8d 45 08 e8 61 fe  ff ff 8d 4d e4 ba 25 00  |...E..a....M..%.|
00000bc0  00 00 8d 45 08 e8 1f fe  ff ff e9 7e 08 00 00 83  |...E.......~....|
00000bd0  7d 80 00 75 19 8b 55 b0  c6 44 15 b8 30 42 c6 44  |}..u..U..D..0B.D|
00000be0  15 b8 00 8b 5d 10 89 55  b0 e9 d7 04 00 00 8b 5d  |....]..U.......]|
00000bf0  b0 6b 45 84 0a 88 54 1d  b8 0f be d2 43 8d 54 10  |.kE...T.....C.T.|
00000c00  d0 89 5d b0 c6 44 1d b8  00 89 55 84 eb 14 8b 75  |..]..D....U....u|
00000c10  b0 ff 45 90 c6 44 35 b8  6c 46 89 75 b0 c6 44 35  |..E..D5.lF.u..D5|
00000c20  b8 00 8b 5d 10 e9 2b 08  00 00 8b 45 b0 c7 45 90  |...]..+....E..E.|
00000c30  02 00 00 00 c6 44 05 b8  4c 40 c6 44 05 b8 00 8b  |.....D..L@.D....|
00000c40  5d 10 89 45 b0 e9 0b 08  00 00 8b 4d 10 8b 5d 10  |]..E.......M..].|
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000026b0  0f 85 55 01 00 00 ff 85  d4 fb ff ff 83 bd d4 fb  |..U.............|
000026c0  ff ff 05 7f 04 31 db eb  10 c7 05 74 54 00 00 1a  |.....1.....tT...|
000026d0  00 00 00 e9 77 03 00 00  43 8a 04 1e 84 c0 74 13  |....w...C.....t.|
000026e0  83 ec 0c 0f be c0 50 e8  40 e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 85  |......P.@.......|
000026f0  c0 74 e5 8b 0d 18 80 06  00 b8 01 00 00 00 83 c1  |.t..............|
00002700  0a d3 e0 8b 80 04 84 06  00 8d 14 03 81 fa fe 03  |................|
00002710  00 00 a3 f4 54 00 00 0f  87 3e 01 00 00 85 db 74  |....T....>.....t|
00002720  15 57 53 8d 95 e8 fb ff  ff 56 8d 04 02 50 e8 fa  |.WS......V...P..|
00002730  e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 8d 45  e8 31 f6 8d 1c 18 03 1d  |.......E.1......|
00002740  f4 54 00 00 c6 83 00 fc  ff ff 00 8b 0d 18 80 06  |.T..............|
00002750  00 bb 01 00 00 00 83 c1  0a d3 e3 83 bb 68 84 06  |.............h..|
00002760  00 00 74 1a 83 ec 0c ff  35 64 54 00 00 e8 ae ed  |..t.....5dT.....|
00002770  ff ff 83 c4 10 89 c1 89  d8 99 f7 f9 89 c6 8b 0d  |................|
00002780  18 80 06 00 ba 01 00 00  00 83 c1 0a d3 e2 39 b2  |..............9.|
00002790  1c 84 06 00 89 d1 74 2a  51 51 ff 35 f4 54 00 00  |......t*QQ.5.T..|
000027a0  8d 85 e8 fb ff ff 50 e8  ba ed ff ff 83 c4 10 c7  |......P.........|
000027b0  05 1c 55 00 00 00 00 00  00 85 c0 75 22 e9 8d 02  |..U........u"...|
000027c0  00 00 52 81 c1 28 84 06  00 ff 35 f4 54 00 00 8d  |..R..(....5.T...|
000027d0  95 e8 fb ff ff 51 52 e8  51 e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 8b  |.....QR.Q.......|
000027e0  95 e0 fb ff ff b8 02 00  00 00 80 bd e8 fb ff ff  |................|
000027f0  2f 8d b5 e8 fb ff ff 0f  44 d0 89 95 d8 fb ff ff  |/.......D.......|
00002800
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240　　　　　　　　　　#还记得在开始模拟修复之前，我们也查看了前20个扇区信息没？虽说修复grub后操作系统可以正常启动了，但是和修复之前依旧是有差异的哟~

 

四.验证修复grub之前和修复grub之后的差异

1>.在"/boot/grub"目录只存放grub.conf文件，发现操作系统依旧可以正常启动

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/
device.map     fat_stage1_5  grub.conf         jfs_stage1_5  minix_stage1_5     splash.xpm.gz  stage2         vstafs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5  ffs_stage1_5  iso9660_stage1_5  menu.lst      reiserfs_stage1_5  stage1         ufs2_stage1_5  xfs_stage1_5
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /data/
device.map     fat_stage1_5  grub.conf         jfs_stage1_5  minix_stage1_5     splash.xpm.gz  stage2         vstafs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5  ffs_stage1_5  iso9660_stage1_5  menu.lst      reiserfs_stage1_5  stage1         ufs2_stage1_5  xfs_stage1_5
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /data/grub.conf /boot/grub/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/
total 2
-rw-------. 1 root root 839 Dec  1 07:36 grub.conf
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
(/dev/pts/2) at 20:47 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

2>.修复后grub发生变化了，如果将修复后在"/boot/grub"目录的文件移并只剩下"grub.conf"文件是无法正常启动的（这种情况就只能使用上面我们介绍的救援模式来恢复grub啦~）

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/
total 2
-rw-------. 1 root root 839 Dec  1 07:36 grub.conf
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub-install /dev/sda
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.

(fd0)    /dev/fd0
(hd0)    /dev/sda
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data2
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/
device.map     fat_stage1_5  grub.conf         jfs_stage1_5    reiserfs_stage1_5  stage2         vstafs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5  ffs_stage1_5  iso9660_stage1_5  minix_stage1_5  stage1             ufs2_stage1_5  xfs_stage1_5
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data2/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /data2/grub.conf /boot/grub/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/
grub.conf
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
(/dev/pts/0) at 20:52 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

 

五.grub.conf文件的功能

1>.根据grub.conf默认的菜单复制一个菜单

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0　　　　　　#默认启动为0，即默认启动第一个菜单
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)　　　　　　#这里就是咱们第一个菜单
　　root (hd0,0)
　　kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    
　　initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1　　　　　　#此处我们将默认设置为第二个菜单(注意:计算机是从0开始计数的)
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)　　　　#这是操作系统默认的菜单，下面是对应的启动参数
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)　　　　#这第二个菜单其实就是把上面第一个菜单拷贝过来改动了一下名字而已，其本质还是使用的第一个菜单的功能，换汤不换药~
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    
　　initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

2>.重启操作系统后发现有下面的默认启动菜单

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot 

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
    (/dev/pts/2) at 20:43 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

3>.关于grub的root写法以及rhgb和quiet参数说明

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    
　　initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    
　　initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)　　　　#我们将"root(hd0,0)"这行信息给删除掉，然后再每行的路径的开头声明根节点位置为(hd0,0)也是可以正常启动操作系统的哟~，不仅如此，我们还可以将rhgb(启动操作会显示一个转圈圈的图形，后面发生了啥咱也不知道呀因为只能看到一个图片,因此生产环境我们可以考虑将它去掉的)和quiet(该参数若不启用启动操作系统时会有更多信息输出到屏幕)参数删除，并不会影响到作系统的正常启动。
    kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF
ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM  
　　initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

4>.kernel参数和initrd启动顺序不可以颠倒

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF
ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM    initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat
arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)　　　　　　#注意，我这里故意将kernel的顺序调到了initrd下面去啦！观察操作系统是否可以正常启动，答案是否定的，如下图所示。
    initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
    kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF
ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
(/dev/pts/0) at 21:03 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

　　如果出现如上图所示的错误，其实咱们也可以手动修改的，按回车键进入如下图所示的界面，按字母"e"进行编辑

　　删除"initrd"行，如下图所示。

按字母"o"新增一行，如下图所示。

如上图所示，按字母"e"进行编辑，然后将"initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img"信息写入即可。

　　如上图所示，按回车即可，出现如下图所示的界面后按"b"键可以正常启动操作系统啦~

如下图所示，操作系统启动成功啦

 

六.误删除"/boot/grub/grub.conf"配置文件案例

1>.删除"grub.conf"配置文件并重启操作系统

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cp /boot/grub/grub.conf ./
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll
total 100
-rw------- 1 root root  1324 Dec  2 22:43 grub.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94446 Dec  3  2019 windows.jpg
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# rm -f /boot/grub/grub.conf 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot 　　　　　　#重启操作系统后发现操作系统无法启动了，如下图所示。

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
    (/dev/pts/0) at 22:44 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#

2>.手动顺序编写grub配置文件

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64  root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root 　　　　#这个根分区是路径是指定你安装操作系统的路径哟~
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img

boot

温馨提示:
　　执行上述3条命令仅当次启动有效，下一次依旧无法启动，最好将上面的命令写入"/boot/grub/grub.conf"配置文件中，我在试验开始之前就对"grub.conf"配置文件进行备份操作。

3>.恢复grub.conf的备份文件，以防止下次无法正常启动的情况

 

[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll
total 100
-rw------- 1 root root  1324 Dec  2 22:43 grub.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94446 Dec  3  2019 windows.jpg
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv grub.conf /boot/grub/
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot 

Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie
    (/dev/pts/0) at 23:16 ...

The system is going down for reboot NOW!
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# 
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf 
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:  You have a /boot partition.  This means that
#          all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
#          root (hd0,0)
#          kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root
#          initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=1

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/windows.xpm.gz

password --encrypted $6$bNlXV2xei8gteGzA$v4VFuBvn0svHHIbsBFzfdDnHTlUsZgVIXdLHqTRyAd7a9SFHGC4G87D7JNBKj5i3fGsEhS2vCgVbrO0Q34a7E1

title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    root (hd0,0)
    kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/
lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet    
　　initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img

title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64)
    kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_n
ode200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM    
　　initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /proc/cmdline　　　　　　#查看内核参数
ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 cra
shkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM
[root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /proc/cmdline　　　　　　#查看内核参数

 

 

七.Linux操作系统之grub加密实战案例

博主推荐阅读:
　　https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11915217.html

 

八.更改Linux启动菜单的背景图

博主推荐阅读:
　　https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11914677.html

 

posted @ 2019-11-22 05:58  尹正杰  阅读(1289)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报