MySQL/MariaDB数据库的各种日志管理
MySQL/MariaDB数据库的各种日志管理
作者：尹正杰
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一.事务日志 (transaction log)
1>.Innodb事务日志相关配置
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%'; +-------------------------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+------------+ | innodb_log_arch_dir | | | innodb_log_arch_expire_sec | 0 | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_block_size | 0 | #数据块大小 | innodb_log_buffer_size | 16777216 | | innodb_log_checksum_algorithm | DEPRECATED | | innodb_log_checksums | ON | | innodb_log_compressed_pages | ON | | innodb_log_file_size | 50331648 | #每个日志文件总大小，MariaDB 10.2.x默认50M，生产环境可以适当调大。 | innodb_log_files_in_group | 2 | #日志组成员个数 | innodb_log_group_home_dir | ./ | #事务文件路径，是数据目录的相对路径 | innodb_log_optimize_ddl | ON | | innodb_log_write_ahead_size | 8192 | +-------------------------------+------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
2>.事务型存储引擎自行管理和使用(建议和数据文件分开存放)
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/logs -o mysql -g mysql #创建目录并指定属主和属组 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ -d drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 11:30 /data/logs/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ -a total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 11:30 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 31 Nov 4 11:30 .. [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs #指定事物日志存放路径为"/data/logs" innodb_log_file_size = 10M #指定每个日志文件大小为10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 #指定日志组成员个数为3个 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%'; +-------------------------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+------------+ | innodb_log_arch_dir | | | innodb_log_arch_expire_sec | 0 | | innodb_log_archive | OFF | | innodb_log_block_size | 0 | | innodb_log_buffer_size | 16777216 | | innodb_log_checksum_algorithm | DEPRECATED | | innodb_log_checksums | ON | | innodb_log_compressed_pages | ON | | innodb_log_file_size | 10485760 | | innodb_log_files_in_group | 3 | | innodb_log_group_home_dir | /data/logs | | innodb_log_optimize_ddl | ON | | innodb_log_write_ahead_size | 8192 | +-------------------------------+------------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logs/ #重启MySQL实例后，事务日志被单独存放啦，很显然配置生效啦~ total 30720 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10485760 Nov 4 11:39 ib_logfile2 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.刷新日志设置(innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit)
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 说明： 设置为1，同时sync_binlog = 1表示最高级别的容错 innodb_use_global_flush_log_at_trx_commit的值确定是否可以使用SET语句重置此变量 设置为1默认情况下，日志缓冲区将写入日志文件，并在每次事务后执行刷新到磁盘。 这是完全遵守ACID特性 设置为0提交时没有任何操作; 而是每秒执行一次日志缓冲区写入和刷新。 这样可以提供更好的性能，但服务器崩溃可以清除最后一秒的事务 设置为2每次提交后都会写入日志缓冲区，但每秒都会进行一次刷新。 性能比0略好一些，但操作系统或停电可能导致最后一秒的交易丢失 设置为3模拟MariaDB 5.5组提交（每组提交3个同步），此项MariaDB 10.0支持
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit%'; #默认设置为1 +--------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------+-------+ | innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit | 1 | +--------------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
二.错误日志 (error log)
1>.错误日志记录内容
1.mysqld启动和关闭过程中输出的事件信息;
2.mysqld运行中产生的错误信息;
3.event scheduler运行一个event时产生的日志信息;
4.在主从复制架构中的从服务器上启动从服务器线程时产生的信息;
2>.错误日志相关配置
错误文件路径 log_error=/PATH/TO/LOG_ERROR_FILE
是否记录警告信息至错误日志文件 log_warnings 为0， 表示不记录告警信息。 log_warnings 为1， 表示告警信息写入错误日志。 log_warnings 大于1， 表示各类告警信息，例如有关网络故障的信息和重新连接信息写入错误日志(MariaDB 10.2.x版本默认为2)。
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #指定错误日志存放路径，在启动MySQL实例后"log_error"的路径不可被修改，因为它是只读的。 [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs innodb_log_file_size = 10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 log_warnings = 10 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_error'; +---------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------------------+ | log_error | /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log | +---------------+-----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_warnings'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_warnings | 10 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
三.通用日志(general log)
1>.通用日志记录内容
记录对数据库的通用操作，包括错误的SQL语句 存储类型支持三种，即FILE/TABLE/NONE
文件：file，默认值
表：table
用途:
一般不建议开启，除非数据库需要优化，通过该日志分析数据库可能存在的问题，若数据库优化完毕依然建议关闭它，开启该功能存在IO操作，会影响服务器性能。
2>.通用日志相关设置
general_log=ON|OFF
指定通用日志是否开启。 general_log_file=HOSTNAME.log
指定通用日志存放文件格式的名称，默认文件名是:"主机名.log"，存储在MySQL数据库同目录中。 log_output=TABLE|FILE|NONE
指定输出类型,默认为FILE，当然也可以指定为TABLE，表示将日志存放在mysql数据库的默认general_log表中。
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | general_log | OFF | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET GLOBAL general_log = ON; #临时开启通用日志功能 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | general_log | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file'; #查看默认的通用日志名称 +------------------+-------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------------+ | general_log_file | node105.log | +------------------+-------------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/data/node105.log /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 10.2.19-MariaDB (MariaDB Server). started with: Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Time Id Command Argument 191104 16:40:38 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log' 191104 16:40:46 10 Query SHOW TABLES 191104 16:41:39 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file' 191104 16:49:52 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:49:55 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:50:11 9 Query SET GLOBAL log_output = table 191104 16:50:20 9 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:50:53 9 Query SET GLOBAL log_output = 'table' 191104 16:56:22 11 Quit 191104 16:56:59 10 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_log%' 191104 16:57:10 10 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' 191104 16:58:17 10 Query SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'general_log_file' 191104 16:59:26 10 Quit [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output'; #查看默认的日志输出类型 +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_output | FILE | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET GLOBAL log_output = 'table'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | log_output | TABLE | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log\G #查看表中的通用日志记录信息 *************************** 1. row *************************** event_time: 2019-11-04 16:50:55.178466 user_host: root[root] @ localhost [] thread_id: 9 server_id: 1 command_type: Query argument: SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' *************************** 2. row *************************** event_time: 2019-11-04 16:51:24.556260 user_host: root[root] @ localhost [] thread_id: 9 server_id: 1 command_type: Query argument: SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log; +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ | event_time | user_host | thread_id | server_id | command_type | argument | +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ | 2019-11-04 16:50:55.178466 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Query | SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' | | 2019-11-04 16:51:24.556260 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Query | SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log | | 2019-11-04 16:54:30.403657 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 9 | 1 | Quit | | | 2019-11-04 16:55:56.817442 | [root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Connect | root@localhost as anonymous on | | 2019-11-04 16:55:56.820207 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | select @@version_comment limit 1 | | 2019-11-04 16:56:00.271469 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | SELECT DATABASE() | | 2019-11-04 16:56:00.271777 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Init DB | yinzhengjie | | 2019-11-04 16:56:18.084201 | root[root] @ localhost [] | 11 | 1 | Query | SET GLOBAL log_output = 'file' | +----------------------------+---------------------------+-----------+-----------+--------------+-----------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT argument,COUNT(*) FROM mysql.general_log GROUP BY argument; #找出查询此处最多的语句可以来创建相关索引。 +-----------------------------------------+----------+ | argument | COUNT(*) | +-----------------------------------------+----------+ | | 1 | | root@localhost as anonymous on | 1 | | SELECT * FROM mysql.general_log | 1 | | select @@version_comment limit 1 | 1 | | SELECT DATABASE() | 1 | | SET GLOBAL log_output = 'file' | 1 | | SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'log_output' | 1 | | yinzhengjie | 1 | +-----------------------------------------+----------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
四.慢查询日志 (slow query log)
1>.慢查询日志记录内容
记录执行查询时长超出指定时长的操作
2>.慢查询相关设置
slow_query_log=ON|OFF 开启或关闭慢查询 long_query_time=N 慢查询的阀值，单位秒 slow_query_log_file=HOSTNAME-slow.log 慢查询日志文件 log_slow_filter = admin,filesort,filesort_on_disk,full_join,full_scan,query_cache,query_cache_miss,tmp_table,tmp_table_on_disk 上述查询类型且查询时长超过long_query_time，则记录日志 log_queries_not_using_indexes=ON 不使用索引或使用全索引扫描，不论是否达到慢查询阀值的语句是否记录日志，默认OFF，即不记录 log_slow_rate_limit = 1 多少次查询才记录，mariadb特有 log_slow_verbosity= Query_plan,explain 记录内容 log_slow_queries = OFF 同slow_query_log 新版已废弃
3>.慢查询相关参数使用案例
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/logs innodb_log_file_size = 10M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 log_warnings = 10 general_log = ON slow_query_log = ON #开启慢查询日志 long_query_time = 5 #指定慢查询超时时间为5秒就记录到文件 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB autocommit = 1 skip_name_resolve = 1 userstat = ON port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.teachers; #有多少条记录这里就会休眠几秒，这里4条记录仅休眠4秒，而我们定义的慢查询日志超时时间为5秒，因此该条记录不会被记录。 +----------+ | SLEEP(1) | +----------+ | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | +----------+ 4 rows in set (4.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students; #同理，在yinzhengjie.students表有25行记录，因此休眠5秒，符合我们定义慢日志查询超时时间为5秒，因此该条记录会被记录到慢查询日志中。 +----------+ | SLEEP(1) | +----------+ | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | +----------+ 25 rows in set (25.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/data/node105-slow.log #不难发现和我们上面分析的一样，只有一条慢查询日志，当然慢查询日志不仅仅包含SELECT语句哟，包括的是DML语句，存储引擎等的执行超过指定秒数也会被记录呢! /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld, Version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log (MariaDB Server). started with: Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Time Id Command Argument # Time: 191104 17:24:14 # User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] # Thread_id: 8 Schema: QC_hit: No # Query_time: 25.025535 Lock_time: 0.000404 Rows_sent: 25 Rows_examined: 25 # Rows_affected: 0 SET timestamp=1572859454; SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.通过profiling工具分析慢查询日志
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@profiling; +-------------+ | @@profiling | +-------------+ | 0 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET profiling = ON; #开启profiling功能 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@profiling; +-------------+ | @@profiling | +-------------+ | 1 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW profiles; #需要开启profiling功能后，执行的SQL语句会被记录 +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Query_ID | Duration | Query | +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | 1 | 0.00013446 | SELECT @@profiling | | 2 | 4.00646956 | SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.teachers | | 3 | 25.02319266 | SELECT SLEEP(1) FROM yinzhengjie.students | +----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW PROFILE FOR QUERY 2; #我们查看上面第2条语句，对其分析查询慢日志的原因 +----------------------+----------+ | Status | Duration | +----------------------+----------+ | starting | 0.000085 | | checking permissions | 0.000007 | | Opening tables | 0.000017 | | After opening tables | 0.000005 | | System lock | 0.000004 | | Table lock | 0.000006 | | init | 0.000011 | | optimizing | 0.000007 | | statistics | 0.000020 | | preparing | 0.000018 | | executing | 0.000004 | | Sending data | 0.000022 | | User sleep | 1.002767 | #不难发现，耗时最长的应该就是在sleep过程啦！ | User sleep | 1.001184 | | User sleep | 1.000412 | | User sleep | 1.001772 | | end | 0.000026 | | query end | 0.000022 | | closing tables | 0.000008 | | Unlocking tables | 0.000023 | | freeing items | 0.000011 | | updating status | 0.000031 | | cleaning up | 0.000008 | +----------------------+----------+ 23 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
五.二进制日志 (binary log,Oracle称为归档日志)
1>.二进制日志记录内容
记录内容:
记录导致数据改变或潜在导致数据改变的SQL语句(即只记录增删改操作)
记录已提交的日志
不依赖于存储引擎类型
功能：
通过“重放”日志文件中的事件来生成数据副本
温馨提示：
建议生产环境中二进制日志和数据文件分开存放，当数据文件存放目录损坏，可通过二进制文件恢复。
2>.二进制日志记录格式
二进制日志记录三种格式: 基于“语句”记录：
statement，只记录语句，默认模式。该模式存在弊端，比如执行"UPDATE students SET birth = now();"无法保存具体的时间戳，若按照该语句进行还原数据准确性肯定出现问题。 基于“行”记录：
row，只记录数据，即直接将数据存储下来，但日志量较大。适合数据相对来说重要的场景。推荐使用这种模式，数据恢复时准确的最高，但带来的代价就是得牺牲更多的磁盘空间。建议健康磁盘剩余空间进行及时扩充。 混合模式：
mixed,相对来说比较折中的方式,让系统自行判定该基于哪种方式进行。 格式配置: SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'binlog_format';
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'binlog_format'; ` #查看二进制默认的记录格式 +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | binlog_format | MIXED | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
3>.二进制日志文件的构成
日志文件： mysql|mariadb-bin.文件名后缀，二进制格式，如： mariadb-bin.000001 索引文件： mysql|mariadb-bin.index，文本格式，记录在当前有效的二进制文件名称
4>.二进制日志相关的服务器变量
sql_log_bin=ON|OFF：
是否记录二进制日志，默认ON,默认启用二进制文件功能，该变量是会话(session)级别无需重启服务就可生效，可很灵活的控制二进制日志的禁用和启用。
在批量导入大量数据时，我们此时可用选择不记录二进制文件从而节省一定的磁盘空间使用，这个时候我们就可用将该值设置为OFF，可用临时禁用二进制日志功能。
log_bin=/PATH/BIN_LOG_FILE：
指定文件位置；默认OFF，表示不启用二进制日志功能，上述两项（sql_log_bin和log_bin）都开启才可
binlog_format=STATEMENT|ROW|MIXED：
二进制日志记录的格式，MariaDB 5.5.x默认STATEMENT,而MariaDB 10.2.x默认为MIXED。
max_binlog_size=1073741824：
单个二进制日志文件的最大体积，到达最大值会自动滚动，默认为1G 说明：文件达到上限时的大小未必为指定的精确值
sync_binlog=1|0：
设定是否启动二进制日志即时同步磁盘功能，默认0，由操作系统负责同步日志到磁盘
expire_logs_days=N：
二进制日志可以自动删除的天数。 默认为0，即不自动删除
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# install -d /data/logbin -o mysql -g mysql #创建二进制日志存放目录 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll -d /data/logbin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 4 18:45 /data/logbin/ [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #配置二进制文件的默认存放路径 [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin #指定二进制日志存放路径及文件名称前缀 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ total 0 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ #启动服务后二进制日志存放到指定路径中 total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 18:52 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 18:52 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index #查看现在所有可用的二进制文件名称 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000001 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf #配置二进制文件的默认格式 [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin binlog_format = ROW #修改二进制的格式为基于行的，这意味着需要更多的占用磁盘使用空间。 character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /data/logbin/ #每次重启MySQL实例都会滚动二进制日志文件 total 12 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 60 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index #查看所有可用的二进制文件 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000001 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000002 [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.二进制日志相关配置
查看mariadb自行管理使用中的二进制日志文件列表，及大小: SHOW {BINARY | MASTER} LOGS 查看使用中的二进制日志文件: SHOW MASTER STATUS
切换日志文件: FLUSH LOGS 查看二进制文件中的指定内容: SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count] 如：SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 3,4
以上命令查看的信息并不详细推荐使用mysqlbinlog工具进行查看。
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH LOGS; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ #使用SYSTEM调用系统命令查看操作系统的确也有对应的文件生成啦。 total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003'; #查看二进制文件的内容 +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 256 | Server ver: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000003 | 256 | Gtid_list | 1 | 285 | [] || mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 || mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 || mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | Gtid | 1 | 413 | BEGIN GTID 0-1-1 || mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yin zhengjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003'; +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 256 | Server ver: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 || mysql-bin.000003 | 256 | Gtid_list | 1 | 285 | [] || mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 || mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 || mysql-bin.000003 | 371 | Gtid | 1 | 413 | BEGIN GTID 0-1-1 || mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yin zhengjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 2; +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 285 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 328 | mysql-bin.000002 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | Binlog_checkpoint | 1 | 371 | mysql-bin.000003 | +------------------+-----+-------------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS IN 'mysql-bin.000003' FROM 285 LIMIT 3,4; #从指定位置查看相应的信息 +------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |+------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+| mysql-bin.000003 | 413 | Annotate_rows | 1 | 525 | INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhen gjie',18,'M') | | mysql-bin.000003 | 525 | Table_map | 1 | 590 | table_id: 22 (yinzhengjie.teachers) || mysql-bin.000003 | 590 | Write_rows_v1 | 1 | 657 | table_id: 22 flags: STMT_END_F || mysql-bin.000003 | 657 | Xid | 1 | 688 | COMMIT /* xid=16 */ |+------------------+-----+---------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
6>.二进制日志的客户端命令工具（mysqlbinlog）
命令格式： mysqlbinlog [OPTIONS] log_file… --start-position=# 指定开始位置 --stop-position=# --start-datetime= --stop-datetime= 时间格式：YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss --base64-output[=name] -v -vvv
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 688 Nov 4 19:25 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 #可用查看二进制文件，但有基于Base64编码的加密信息。 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 688 Nov 4 19:25 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 --verbose #查看详细信息 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=5 ### @2='Jason Yin' ### @3=26 ### @4=2 ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=6 ### @2='yinzhengjie' ### @3=18 ### @4=2 # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | ROW | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE teachers SET gender='M'; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 6 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | M | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | M | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 688 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 --verbose /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0x4e4a71e5 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:16:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' ngjAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgHlcUpO '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 285 CRC32 0x11540620 Gtid list [] # at 285 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 328 CRC32 0x3b612022 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000002 # at 328 #191104 19:16:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 371 CRC32 0xce9f3b39 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000003 # at 371 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 413 CRC32 0xbc3f3fe1 GTID 0-1-1 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 413 # at 525 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 525 CRC32 0xe7b70b5b Annotate_rows: #Q> INSERT INTO teachers (name,age,gender) VALUES ('Jason Yin',26,'M'),('yinzhengjie',18,'M') #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 590 CRC32 0xd48ca5db Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 590 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x1a95ea95 Write_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' uArAXRMBAAAAQQAAAE4CAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCNuljNQ= uArAXRcBAAAAQwAAAJECAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP/wBQAJAEphc29uIFlpbhoC8AYACwB5aW56aGVu Z2ppZRICleqVGg== '/*!*/; ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=5 ### @2='Jason Yin' ### @3=26 ### @4=2 ### INSERT INTO `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### SET ### @1=6 ### @2='yinzhengjie' ### @3=18 ### @4=2 # at 657 #191104 19:25:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 688 CRC32 0x6b6a92b0 Xid = 16 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 688 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 730 CRC32 0x740f1f3c GTID 0-1-2 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=2*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 730 # at 783 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 783 CRC32 0x782ca82d Annotate_rows: #Q> UPDATE teachers SET gender='M' #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 848 CRC32 0x37af4016 Table_map: `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` mapped to number 22 # at 848 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 960 CRC32 0xc306f092 Update_rows: table id 22 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ' zw/AXRMBAAAAQQAAAFADAAAAABYAAAAAAAEAC3lpbnpoZW5namllAAh0ZWFjaGVycwAEAg8B/gQs AfcBCBZArzc= zw/AXRgBAAAAcAAAAMADAAAAABYAAAAAAAEABP//8AMADQBNaWVqdWUgU2hpdGFpTQHwAwANAE1p ZWp1ZSBTaGl0YWlNAvAEAAwATGluIENoYW95aW5nXQHwBAAMAExpbiBDaGFveWluZ10CkvAGww== '/*!*/; ### UPDATE `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### WHERE ### @1=3 ### @2='Miejue Shitai' ### @3=77 ### @4=1 ### SET ### @1=3 ### @2='Miejue Shitai' ### @3=77 ### @4=2 ### UPDATE `yinzhengjie`.`teachers` ### WHERE ### @1=4 ### @2='Lin Chaoying' ### @3=93 ### @4=1 ### SET ### @1=4 ### @2='Lin Chaoying' ### @3=93 ### @4=2 # at 960 #191104 19:47:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 991 CRC32 0x70750a35 Xid = 38 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf [mysqld] log_bin = /data/logbin/mysql-bin binlog_format = STATEMENT character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB port = 3306 datadir = /mysql/3306/data socket = /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock [mysqld_safe] log-error = /mysql/3306/log/mariadb.log pid-file = /mysql/3306/pid/mariadb.pid [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# /mysql/3306/mysqld restart Restarting MySQL... Stoping MySQL... Starting MySQL... [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -uroot -pyinzhengjie -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 9 Server version: 10.2.19-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> use yinzhengjie Database changed MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | M | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | M | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | M | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | M | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> UPDATE teachers SET gender='F'; Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 6 Changed: 6 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> select * from teachers; +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | F | | 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | F | | 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F | | 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F | | 5 | Jason Yin | 26 | F | | 6 | yinzhengjie | 18 | F | +-----+---------------+-----+--------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 519 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000004 | 519 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | STATEMENT | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> QUIT Bye [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 --verbose /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 299 CRC32 0x82b331c3 Gtid list [0-1-2] # at 299 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 342 CRC32 0xc2e3f301 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000004 # at 342 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 384 CRC32 0x85f8e293 GTID 0-1-3 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=3*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 384 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 488 CRC32 0xb6fc6c2b Query thread_id=9 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572868398/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=9/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; UPDATE teachers SET gender='F' /*!*/; # at 488 #191104 19:53:18 server id 1 end_log_pos 519 CRC32 0x636e91ac Xid = 5 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 -v --start-position=751 --stop-position=941; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 751 #191104 21:32:38 server id 1 end_log_pos 868 CRC32 0xac80a98f Query thread_id=11 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874358/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=11/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; UPDATE teachers SET gender='M' WHERE tid =4 /*!*/; # at 868 #191104 21:32:38 server id 1 end_log_pos 899 CRC32 0x3dd0af4d Xid = 20 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 899 #191104 21:32:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 941 CRC32 0x42fa3228 GTID 0-1-6 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=6*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 -v --start-datetime='2019-11-04 21:35:00' /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 19:52:54 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xdbb83886 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 19:52:54 at startu p# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' FhHAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWEcBdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgGGOLjb '/*!*/; # at 1089 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1131 CRC32 0x7bb72842 GTID 0-1-7 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=7*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1131 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1225 CRC32 0x02f0ddbe Query thread_id=11 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=11/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8mb4 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=45,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; DELETE FROM teachers /*!*/; # at 1225 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1256 CRC32 0x96cf1a5c Xid = 23 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
7>.通过二进制日志数据恢复案例
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1256 | +------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> FLUSH LOGS; #为了测试方便，我这里世界使用一个新的日志 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 385 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT @@binlog_format; +-----------------+ | @@binlog_format | +-----------------+ | STATEMENT | +-----------------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (3,'Jenny',20,'M'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> DELETE FROM teachers; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ls -l /data/logbin/ total 24 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 351 Nov 4 19:07 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 19:16 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 150 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.index [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 -v > /root/binlog.sql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim binlog.sql [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat binlog.sql /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 256 CRC32 0xe7202c47 Start: binlog v 4, server v 10.2.19-MariaDB-log created 191104 21:38:40 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ' 4CnAXQ8BAAAA/AAAAAABAAABAAQAMTAuMi4xOS1NYXJpYURCLWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA5AAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAEEwQADQgICAoKCgFHLCDn '/*!*/; # at 256 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 299 CRC32 0xd816dae3 Gtid list [0-1-7] # at 299 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 342 CRC32 0xd0a61645 Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000004 # at 342 #191104 21:53:37 server id 1 end_log_pos 385 CRC32 0x10d221ba Binlog checkpoint mysql-bin.000005 # at 385 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 427 CRC32 0x85937970 GTID 0-1-7 trans /*!100101 SET @@session.skip_parallel_replication=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_domain_id=0*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/; /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=7*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 427 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 551 CRC32 0x60abf36f Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1636 error_code=0 use `yinzhengjie`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=9/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1, @@session.check_constraint_c hecks=1/*!*/;SET @@session.sql_mode=1411383296/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=45,@@session.collation_server=45/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (1,'Jason Yin',27,'F') /*!*/; # at 551 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 582 CRC32 0x84f3837a Xid = 106 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 582 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 624 CRC32 0xc9e4ee56 GTID 0-1-8 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=8*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 624 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 750 CRC32 0x3b86f49f Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1643 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (2,'YinZhengjie',18,'F') /*!*/; # at 750 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 781 CRC32 0x9b4e967d Xid = 107 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 781 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 823 CRC32 0xea5e6c78 GTID 0-1-9 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=9*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 823 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 943 CRC32 0x0a560dec Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1652 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; INSERT INTO teachers VALUES (3,'Jenny',20,'M') /*!*/; # at 943 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 974 CRC32 0x2f20a2ac Xid = 108 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 974 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1016 CRC32 0xbd542f84 GTID 0-1-10 trans /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=10*//*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1016 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1110 CRC32 0x01e0a619 Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1668 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; #DELETE FROM teachers #将这条删除语句给注释掉，通过当前二进制文件进行还原。 /*!*/; # at 1110 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1141 CRC32 0x77eb3332 Xid = 110 COMMIT/*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/; [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET sql_log_bin=OFF; #将二进制日志关闭，因为我们需要手动还原表中的数据。还原过程无需记录日志 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | OFF | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; #查看该表数据未空 Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SOURCE binlog.sql #通过咱们修改的数据进行还原 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Database changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Charset changed Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ERROR at line 81 in file: 'binlog.sql': No query specified Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SELECT * FROM teachers; #还原后发现表中的数据的确存在啦 +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | TID | Name | Age | Gender | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ | 1 | Jason Yin | 27 | F | | 2 | YinZhengjie | 18 | F | | 3 | Jenny | 20 | M | +-----+-------------+-----+--------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SET sql_log_bin=ON; #做完数据恢复操作后记得将二进制日志文件功能打开。 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
8>.二进制日志事件的格式
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysqlbinlog /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 -v
......
# at 1016 #191104 21:38:40 server id 1 end_log_pos 1110 CRC32 0x01e0a619 Query thread_id=9 exec_time=1668 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1572874720/*!*/; DELETE FROM teachers /*!*/; ......
以上记录观点点说明: 事件发生的日期和时间：191104 21:38:40 事件发生的服务器标识：server id 1 事件的结束位置：end_log_pos 1110 事件的类型：Query 事件发生时所在服务器执行此事件的线程的ID：thread_id=9 语句的时间戳与将其写入二进制文件中的时间差：exec_time=1668 错误代码：error_code=0 事件内容："DELETE FROM teachers"
9>.清除指定二进制日志(生产环境中建议保留半个月以上的日志)
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 351 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> PURGE BINARY LOGS TO 'mysql-bin.000003'; #删除"mysql-bin.000003"之前的日志 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 22:21 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000003 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000004 /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 16 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1014 Nov 4 19:52 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1303 Nov 4 21:53 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 90 Nov 4 22:21 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 1014 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 1303 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE '2019-11-4 22:00:00'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1141 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1141 Nov 4 22:06 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:27 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM cat /data/logbin/mysql-bin.index /data/logbin/mysql-bin.000005 MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
10>.删除所有二进制日志，index文件重新记数
RESET MASTER [TO #]; 删除所有二进制日志文件，并重新生成日志文件，文件名从#开始记数，默认从1开始，一般是master主机第一次启动时执行，MariaDB10.1.6开始支持TO #
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 1188 | | mysql-bin.000006 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000007 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000008 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000009 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000010 | 432 | | mysql-bin.000011 | 385 | +------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 32 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1188 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000006 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000007 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000008 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000009 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 432 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000010 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 385 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.000011 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 210 Nov 4 22:30 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> RESET MASTER; #删除所有二进制文件，并重新生产日志文件，文件名称从默认从1开始计数。 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 22:31 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:31 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 375 | | mysql-bin.000002 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000003 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000004 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000006 | 418 | | mysql-bin.000007 | 371 | +------------------+-----------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 32 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 375 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000004 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000005 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 418 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000006 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 371 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.000007 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 210 Nov 4 22:33 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> RESET MASTER TO 3; #删除所有二进制日志并指定起始文件名称数字为3 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SYSTEM ls -l /data/logbin/ total 8 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 328 Nov 4 22:34 mysql-bin.000003 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30 Nov 4 22:34 mysql-bin.index MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> MariaDB [yinzhengjie]> SHOW BINARY LOGS; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000003 | 328 | +------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [yinzhengjie]>
六.中继日志(reley log)
主从复制架构中，从服务器用于保存从主服务器的二进制日志中读取的事件。
七.客户端命令默认保存日志
默认再用户家目录，有保存客户端所有执行的SQL命令哟，其名称为"~/.mysql_history "
[root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll ~/.mysql_history -rw------- 1 root root 40956 Nov 5 22:05 /root/.mysql_history [root@node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
当你的才华还撑不起你的野心的时候，你就应该静下心来学习。当你的能力还驾驭不了你的目标的时候，你就应该沉下心来历练。问问自己，想要怎样的人生。
欢迎交流学习技术交流，个人微信: "JasonYin2020"（添加时请备注来源及意图备注）
作者: 尹正杰, 博客: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11785073.html
