Docker常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/
镜像命令
docker images
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示id
docker search
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
# 可选性
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
# 通过过滤来显示：显示STARS大于3000的镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3586 [OK]
[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9822 [OK]
docker pull
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载最新版
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete # 分层下载 docker image的核心
8254623a9871: Pull complete
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete
894f9792565a: Pull complete
1d8a57523420: Pull complete
6c676912929f: Pull complete
ff39fdb566b4: Downloading [===============================================> ] 106.6MB/112.5MB
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete
fff872988aba: Pull complete
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete
7886ee20621e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# docker pull mysql 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 下载指定版本 docker pull mysql [:版本号]
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists
8254623a9871: Already exists
938e3e06dac4: Already exists
ea28ebf28884: Already exists
f3cef38785c2: Already exists
894f9792565a: Already exists
1d8a57523420: Already exists
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete
d398726627fd: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 718a6da099d8 6 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 6 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
docker rmi
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 718a6da099d8
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Deleted: sha256:718a6da099d82183c064a964523c0deca80619cb033aadd15854771fe592a480
Deleted: sha256:058d93ef2bfb943ba6a19d8b679c702be96e34337901da9e1a07ad62b772bf3d
Deleted: sha256:7bca77783fcf15499a0386127dd7d5c679328a21b6566c8be861ba424ac13e49
Deleted: sha256:183d05512fa88dfa8c17abb9b6f09a79922d9e9ee001a33ef34d1bc094bf8f9f
Deleted: sha256:165805124136fdee738ed19021a522bb53de75c2ca9b6ca87076f51c27385fd7
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 6 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
[root@localhost /]#
# 删除指定镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 718a6da099d8
# 删除多个镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 718a6da099d8 718a6da099d3 718a6da099d23
# 删除全部镜像 docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
容器命令
说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
docker run
新建容器并启动
docker run[可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口（常用）
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 13 hours ago 215MB
mysql latest 0d64f46acfd1 6 days ago 544MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 7 months ago 13.3kB
# 启动并进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 查看容器内的centos
[root@35b18e8a7511 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 退出容器---》退出并停止容器，若只退出容器，不停止使用快捷键 Ctrl + Q + P
[root@35b18e8a7511 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
docker ps
列出所有运行的容器
#docker ps
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
# 测试
[root@f2abdaa7f711 /]# [root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2abdaa7f711 centos "/bin/bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds modest_bell
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2abdaa7f711 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes modest_bell 35b18e8a7511 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago stoic_mendel
fb32d5936b39 hello-world "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago hungry_faraday
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2abdaa7f711 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes modest_bell
# 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行的容器的 id
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq
f2abdaa7f711 # 正在运行的容器
35b18e8a7511 # 历史运行的容器
fb32d5936b39 # 历史运行的容器
# 列出当前正在运行的容器 id
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -q
f2abdaa7f711
docker rm
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器---》不会删除正在运行的容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器---》不会删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id # 强制删除指定容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 强制删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 通过管道符删除所有的容器
# 测试
# 查询所有容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq
f2abdaa7f711 # 正在运行的容器
35b18e8a7511 # 历史运行的容器
fb32d5936b39 # 历史运行的容器
# 删除所有容器 发现删除了历史运行的容器，正在运行的容器并没有删除
[root@localhost /]# docker rm $(docker ps -aq)
35b18e8a7511
fb32d5936b39
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container f2abdaa7f7117a77d2656954ac983d1609d9e026e2eaae0639758ee0490df617. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
# 正在运行的容器不能删除，若要删，使用强制删除
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq
f2abdaa7f711
# 强制删除正在运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
f2abdaa7f711
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq
[root@localhost /]#
启动和停止容器
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id
# 测试
# 没有正在运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 有一个历史运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ea9ccef9929 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago inspiring_payne
# 启动这个历史运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker start 0ea9ccef9929
0ea9ccef9929
# 发现这个历史运行的容器已经运行
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ea9ccef9929 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 5 seconds inspiring_payne
# 停止这个容器
[root@localhost /]# docker stop 0ea9ccef9929
0ea9ccef9929
# 发现这个容器已经停止
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 重新启动这个容器
[root@localhost /]# docker restart 0ea9ccef9929
0ea9ccef9929
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ea9ccef9929 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 9 seconds inspiring_payne
# 强制停止当前容器
[root@localhost /]# docker kill 0ea9ccef9929
0ea9ccef9929
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
0ea9ccef9929 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (137) 10 seconds ago inspiring_payne
常用其他命令
开放端口
# 开放4433端口
[root@bogon home]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4433/tcp --permanent
success
# 重启防火墙
[root@bogon home]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
# 查看当前所有tcp端口·
[root@bogon home]# netstat -ntlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1031/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1201/master
tcp6 0 0 :::4433 :::* LISTEN 60497/docker-proxy
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1031/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1201/master
# 查看所有4433端口使用情况·
[root@bogon home]# netstat -ntulp |grep 4433
tcp6 0 0 :::4433 :::* LISTEN 60497/docker-proxy
查看docker容器内部开放有哪些端口
# 不用进入容器bash内部，在linux命令行内输入docker port 容器id 即可查看
[root@localhost yin]# docker port b21706cf612e
8080/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080
后台启动容器的坑
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
# 测试
# 通过查看 没有容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 后台启动，不进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos
d8b368a5b4f89143b8b3655d93a18b15065285ef9b5851a3b1d6a9819a84d3f1
# 启动后发现没有正在运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 在历史记录里发现了我们运行的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d8b368a5b4f8 centos "/bin/bash" 10 seconds ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago musing_bhabha
# 常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行， 就必须要有一个前台进程（比如 -it 进入容器），docker发现没有引用，就会自动停止
# 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止服务
查看日志命令
dockerlogs -tf --tail number 容器id
-ft #显示日志
--tail number #要显示的日志条数
# 测试一
# 使用交互方式启动centos
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# docker ps不生效是因为 我们当前所在的位置是在我们的centos容器中，这个容器不支持这个命令
[root@a49c01697fa5 /]# docker ps
bash: docker: command not found
[root@a49c01697fa5 /]# [root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a49c01697fa5 centos "/bin/bash" 44 seconds ago Up 43 seconds blissful_joliot
# 查看日志
[root@localhost /]# docker logs -t -f --tail 10 a49c01697fa5
2020-08-11T08:30:01.439255660Z [root@a49c01697fa5 /]# docker ps
2020-08-11T08:30:01.442523237Z bash: docker: command not found
# 测试二
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello,docker;sleep 5;done"
e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2b54342c047 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds beautiful_kowalevski # 通过日志命令查看日志
[root@localhost /]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 e2b54342c047
2020-08-11T09:11:51.601900929Z hello,docker
2020-08-11T09:11:56.608352606Z hello,docker
查看容器中进程命令
# 命令 docker top 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker top e2b54342c047
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 43072 43056 0 17:25 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hello,docker;sleep 5;done
root 43100 43072 0 17:25 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
查看镜像源数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2b54342c047 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 16 minutes ago Up 3 minutes beautiful_kowalevski
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect e2b54342c047
[
{
"Id": "e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55", # 容器id
"Created": "2020-08-11T09:11:51.354568576Z", # 创建时间
"Path": "/bin/sh", # 默认的控制台
"Args": [ # 参数
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello,docker;sleep 5;done"
],
"State": { # 状态
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 43072, # 进程id
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-08-11T09:25:28.428312287Z",
"FinishedAt": "2020-08-11T09:12:40.876021118Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566", # 所用镜像id
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55/e2b54342c047098fbdb4b1fb8598f0d6adcba9ea9791dfc590acf8b24f8adb55-json.log",
"Name": "/beautiful_kowalevski",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0b10811247f0de22b5b639c3a2e7b2c49ae76313f32cee36dff5b7c3f257926c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3578edcc08a6f5ea63f0f8aa1f906688ade08c594e1db4bd5cc348283dcfcafe/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0b10811247f0de22b5b639c3a2e7b2c49ae76313f32cee36dff5b7c3f257926c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0b10811247f0de22b5b639c3a2e7b2c49ae76313f32cee36dff5b7c3f257926c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0b10811247f0de22b5b639c3a2e7b2c49ae76313f32cee36dff5b7c3f257926c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [], # 挂载
"Config": {
"Hostname": "e2b54342c047",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello,docker;sleep 5;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "da0d42e7d6b7403b56c55c2bdea59e2f812cc2a4d8282ac6d6194e868f007b1d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/da0d42e7d6b7",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "febc843ef875befd3694342e88757e08f1baf7841a15bd033fe748be147375ca",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "0b84c64e381f5ed84287c2b7ffcad61b9c23731cd6d9365466b2131dff1026a6",
"EndpointID": "febc843ef875befd3694342e88757e08f1baf7841a15bd033fe748be147375ca",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器 修改配置
# 方式一
# 命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell # 进入容器后，打开一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# 测试
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2b54342c047 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 16 hours ago Up 16 hours beautiful_kowalevski
[root@bogon ~]# docker exec -it e2b54342c047 /bin/bash
[root@e2b54342c047 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 方式二
# 命令 docker attach 容器id # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
# 测试
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
e2b54342c047 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 16 hours ago Up 16 hours beautiful_kowalevski
[root@bogon ~]# docker attach e2b54342c047
hello,docker # 正在执行的代码
hello,docker
hello,docker
从容器中拷贝文件到主机
# 命令
docker cp 容器id:文件在容器中的位置 主机位置
# 测试
# 查看当前运行的容器
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
# 用交互模式启动centos容器
[root@bogon ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
# 容器中的目录
[root@d1504ce8714d /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 进入容器中home目录创建test.java文件
[root@d1504ce8714d /]# cd home/
[root@d1504ce8714d home]# touch test.java
[root@d1504ce8714d home]# ls
test.java
# 退出容器后查看正在运行的容器
[root@d1504ce8714d home]# [root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d1504ce8714d centos "/bin/bash" 37 seconds ago Up 36 seconds agitated_dijkstra
# 停止当前运行的容器
[root@bogon ~]# docker stop d1504ce8714d
d1504ce8714d
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@bogon ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d1504ce8714d centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago agitated_dijkstra
# 拷贝容器中的文件到主机home目录下
[root@bogon ~]# docker cp d1504ce8714d:/home/test.java /home/
[root@bogon ~]# cd /home
[root@bogon home]# ls
test.java
# 拷贝是一个手动过程 后面我们使用 -v 卷的技术 可以实现自动同步
思考：我们以后每次改动nginx配置文件都需要进入容器内部，十分麻烦！我们如果可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径。达到在容器外部修改文件，容器内部可以自动修改， -v 数据卷。
