Java-网络编程
网络编程
网络通信
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP,TCP
- 万物皆对象
IP
ip地址: InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1 ︰本机 localhost
- ip地址的分类
- ipv4 / ipv6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成。,0255,42亿 ;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽;
- IPV6 128位,8个无符号整数!
- 公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
- A类:1.0.0.1-127.255.255.254
- B类:128.0.0.1-191.255.255.254
- C类:192.0.0.1-223.255.255.254
- D类:224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
- ipv4 / ipv6
- 域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP:www.baidu.com
InetAddress:
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddresses1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddresses1);
InetAddress inetAddresses3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddresses3);
InetAddress inetAddresses4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddresses4);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddresses2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddresses2);
//常用方法
//System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定0~65535
-
TCP,UDP : 65535* 2 tcp: 80,udp: 80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:2014~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "60951" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "15728" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl+Shift+ESC #打开任务管理器
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress);// /127.0.0.1:8080 System.out.println(socketAddress2);// localhost/127.0.0.1:8080 System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());// /127.0.0.1 System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 127.0.0.1 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 8080
- 公有端口0~1023
通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制....
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP :用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP与UDP对比:
-
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手
,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了! B:我真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我的真的要走了!
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
-
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你..
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和攻击)
TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器Socket
- 发送消息
//客户端
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用的消息
//服务端
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket= serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
客户端
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\1.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我己经传输完了!
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2= is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S :Java后台开发!
- bin/startup.bat windos启动
- bin/startup.sh linux启动
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
接收端
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());//对方的地址
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));//接收的数据
//关闭连接
socket.close();
连续发送and接收消息
循环发送消息
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bys")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
循环接收消息
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//晰开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
咨询
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
BufferedReader reader =null;
private int fromPort;//自己的端口
private String toIP;//对方的IP
private int toPort;//对方的端口
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket =new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bys")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket =null;
private int Port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.Port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//晰开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom +":"+ receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
学生端
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
老师端
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com ====>xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
https://www.baidu.com:443/xxx/xxx
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yingxu&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议 http
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip localhost
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口 8080
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件 /helloworld/index.jsp
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径 /helloworld/index.jsp?username=yingxu&password=123
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数 username=yingxu&password=123
下载文件
//http://localhost:8080/yingxu/index.txt
//苏公堤:http://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C400002yAyA33VE7gL.m4a?guid=6389697979&vkey=C42B73C00DDAB11A9B79C66175DCFF18EA9007EB4E15182A924A8533EF782000962D995078DB5A85086AAA37320BA730A5A09788BF282A9E&uin=2034766567&fromtag=120002
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C400002yAyA33VE7gL.m4a?guid=6389697979&vkey=C42B73C00DDAB11A9B79C66175DCFF18EA9007EB4E15182A924A8533EF782000962D995078DB5A85086AAA37320BA730A5A09788BF282A9E&uin=2034766567&fromtag=120002");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\苏公堤.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出数据
}
//关闭
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
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