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Java-网络编程

网络编程

网络通信

  1. 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
    • 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
    • 找到主机之后如何进行通信
  2. 网络编程中的要素
    • IP和端口号 IP
    • 网络通信协议 UDP,TCP
  3. 万物皆对象

IP

ip地址: InetAddress

  • 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
  • 127.0.0.1 ︰本机 localhost
  • ip地址的分类
    • ipv4 / ipv6
      • IPV4 127.0.0.1 ,4个字节组成。,0255,42亿 ;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年就用尽;
      • IPV6 128位,8个无符号整数!
    • 公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
      • A类:1.0.0.1-127.255.255.254
      • B类:128.0.0.1-191.255.255.254
      • C类:192.0.0.1-223.255.255.254
      • D类:224.0.0.0-239.255.255.255
  • 域名:记忆IP问题!
    • IP:www.baidu.com

InetAddress:

try {
    //查询本机地址
    InetAddress inetAddresses1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
    System.out.println(inetAddresses1);
    InetAddress inetAddresses3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
    System.out.println(inetAddresses3);
    InetAddress inetAddresses4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
    System.out.println(inetAddresses4);
    //查询网站ip地址
    InetAddress inetAddresses2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
    System.out.println(inetAddresses2);
    //常用方法
    //System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getAddress());
    System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
    System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostAddress());//ip
    System.out.println(inetAddresses2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!

  • 被规定0~65535

  • TCP,UDP : 65535* 2 tcp: 80,udp: 80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口0~1023
      • HTTP:80
      • HTTPS:443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent:23
    • 程序注册端口:2014~49151,分配用户或者程序
      • Tomcat:8080
      • MySQL:3306
      • Oracle:1521
    • 动态、私有:49152~65535
    netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
    netstat -ano|findstr "60951" #查看指定的端口
    tasklist|findstr "15728" #查看指定端口的进程
    Ctrl+Shift+ESC #打开任务管理器
    
    InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
    InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
    System.out.println(socketAddress);// /127.0.0.1:8080
    System.out.println(socketAddress2);// localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
    
    System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());// /127.0.0.1
    System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 127.0.0.1
    System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 8080
    

通信协议

协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。

网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制....

TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议

重要:

  • TCP :用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议

出名的协议:

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • IP:网络互连协议

TCP与UDP对比:

  • TCP:打电话

    • 连接,稳定

    • 三次握手四次挥手

      最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
      A:你瞅啥?
      B:瞅你咋地?
      A:干一场!
      
      
      A:我要走了!
      B:我真的要走了吗?
      B:你真的真的要走了吗?
      A:我的真的要走了!
      
    • 客户端、服务端

    • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

  • UDP:发短信

    • 不连接,不稳定
    • 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
    • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你..
    • 导弹
    • DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和攻击)

TCP

客户端

  1. 连接服务器Socket
  2. 发送消息
//客户端
Socket socket =null;
OutputStream os =null;
try {
    //1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
    InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
    int port=9999;
    //2.创建一个socket连接
    socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
    //3.发送消IO流
    os = socket.getOutputStream();
    os.write("你好!".getBytes());

} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    //关闭资源
    if (os!=null){
        try {
            os.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (socket!=null){
        try {
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

服务器

  1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
  2. 等待用户的连接 accept
  3. 接收用的消息
//服务端
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos =null;

try {
    //1.我得有一个地址
    serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
    //2.等待客户端连接过来
    socket = serverSocket.accept();
    //3.读取客户端的消息
    is = socket.getInputStream();
    //管道流
    baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
        baos.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    System.out.println(baos.toString());

} catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
    //关闭资源
    if (baos!=null){
        try {
            baos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (is!=null){
        try {
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (socket!=null){
        try {
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    if (serverSocket!=null){
        try {
            serverSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

文件上传

服务器端

//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket= serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
    fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}

//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了".getBytes());

//5.关闭资源
os.close();

fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();

客户端

//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\1.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
    os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我己经传输完了!


//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2= is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
    baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();

fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();

Tomcat

Tomcat官网

服务端

  • 自定义 S
  • Tomcat服务器 S :Java后台开发!
    • bin/startup.bat windos启动
    • bin/startup.sh linux启动

客户端

  • 自定义 C
  • 浏览器 B

UDP

发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!


发送端

//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();

接收端

//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收

socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());//对方的地址
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));//接收的数据
//关闭连接
socket.close();

连续发送and接收消息

循环发送消息

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

//准备数据: 控制台读取  System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

while (true) {
    String data = reader.readLine();
    byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));

    socket.send(packet);
    if (data.equals("bys")){
        break;
    }
}

socket.close();

循环接收消息

DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

while (true) {
    //准备接收包裹
    byte[] container = new byte[1024];
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
    socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

    //晰开连接  bye
    byte[] data = packet.getData();
    String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());

    System.out.println(receiveData);

    if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
        break;
    }
}

socket.close();

咨询

在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都可以是接收方!

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    BufferedReader reader =null;

    private int fromPort;//自己的端口
    private String toIP;//对方的IP
    private int toPort;//对方的端口

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;


        try {
            socket =new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //准备数据: 控制台读取  System.in
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {



        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bys")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        socket.close();
    }
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;

    private int Port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.Port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {


        while (true) {
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                //晰开连接  bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());

                System.out.println(msgFrom +":"+ receiveData);

                if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

学生端

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

老师端

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

URL

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源

DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com ====>xxxx.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx


协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
https://www.baidu.com:443/xxx/xxx
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=yingxu&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议  http
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip  localhost
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口  8080
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件  /helloworld/index.jsp
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径  /helloworld/index.jsp?username=yingxu&password=123
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数  username=yingxu&password=123

下载文件

//http://localhost:8080/yingxu/index.txt
//苏公堤:http://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C400002yAyA33VE7gL.m4a?guid=6389697979&vkey=C42B73C00DDAB11A9B79C66175DCFF18EA9007EB4E15182A924A8533EF782000962D995078DB5A85086AAA37320BA730A5A09788BF282A9E&uin=2034766567&fromtag=120002

//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://dl.stream.qqmusic.qq.com/C400002yAyA33VE7gL.m4a?guid=6389697979&vkey=C42B73C00DDAB11A9B79C66175DCFF18EA9007EB4E15182A924A8533EF782000962D995078DB5A85086AAA37320BA730A5A09788BF282A9E&uin=2034766567&fromtag=120002");
//2.连接到这个资源  HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("G:\\JavaSE\\img\\苏公堤.m4a");

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
    fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出数据
}
//关闭
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
posted @   潆勖  阅读(31)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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