bzoj2242,洛谷2485----SDOI2011计算器(exgcd,qsm,bsgs模板)
就是一道模板题!
这里再强调一下
BSGS
考虑方程\(a^x = b \pmod p\)
已知a,b,p\((2 \le p\le 10^9)\),其中p为质数,求x的最小正整数解
解法:
注意到如果有解,那么一定满足\(0<x<p\)
设\(t=\lfloor \sqrt p \rfloor\)
那么一定有
\((a^t)^c=ba^d \pmod p\)
此时\(x=ct-d(0 \le d <t)\)
因为$$\frac{a{ct}}{ad} = b \pmod p$$
那么我们预处理一个\(a^d\),因为d的取值只有t个,所以可以先预处理,然后暴力枚举左边,看看有没有合法的解
不多说了
直接上代码
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#define ll long long
#include<map>
using namespace std;
inline ll read()
{
ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
while (!isdigit(ch)) {if (ch=='-') f=-1; ch=getchar();}
while (isdigit(ch)) {x=(x<<1)+(x<<3)+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
return x*f;
}
ll n,m;
ll mod;
map<ll,ll> mp;
ll qsm(ll i,ll j)
{
ll ans=1;
while (j)
{
if (j&1) ans=ans*i%mod;
i=i*i%mod;
j>>=1;
}
return ans;
}
ll exgcd(ll &x,ll &y,ll a,ll b)
{
if (b==0)
{
x=1;
y=0;
return a;
}
ll cnt=exgcd(x,y,b,a%b);
ll tmp =x;
x=y;
y=tmp-a/b*y;
return cnt;
}
ll bsgs(ll a,ll b)
{
mp.clear();
if (a%mod==0 && b==0) return 0;
if (a%mod==0 && b!=0) return -1;
//if (a==1 && b!=1) return -1;
//if (a==1 && b==1) return 0;
//==0) return -1;
ll t = ceil(sqrt(mod));
for (ll i=0;i<=t;i++)
{
ll tmp = qsm(a,i)*b%mod;
if (!mp[tmp]) mp[tmp]=i;
}
for (ll c=1;c<=t;c++)
{
ll cnt = qsm(a,c*t)%mod;
if (mp[cnt])
{
//cout<<c*t<<endl;
return c*t-mp[cnt];
}
}
return -1;
}
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
if (m==1)
{
for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
ll x,y;
x=read(),y=read(),mod=read();
printf("%lld\n",qsm(x,y));
}
}
if (m==2)
{
for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
ll a,b,c;
ll x=0,y=0;
a=read(),c=read(),b=read();
ll gcd=exgcd(x,y,a,b);
if (c%gcd!=0)
{
printf("Orz, I cannot find x!\n");
continue;
}
ll tmp = b/gcd;
x=x*c/gcd%tmp;
x=(x%tmp+tmp)%tmp;
printf("%lld\n",x);
}
}
//return 0;
if (m==3)
{
for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
ll a,b;
a=read(),b=read(),mod=read();
ll tmp = bsgs(a,b);
if (tmp==-1)
printf("Orz, I cannot find x!\n");
else
printf("%lld\n",tmp);
}
}
return 0;
}