python 代理的使用
这里分享一个测试ip的网址 http://ip.filefab.com/index.php
scrapy 随机请求头和代理ip的使用原理
import random
# 添加一个中间键
class User_AgentMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self):
self.user_agent = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
]
# scrapy抓取前修改请求头
def process_request(self, request, spider):
# 添加代理
request.meta['proxy'] = 'http://119.42.70.216:8080' # 这里不区分 http还是https代理
# 添加随机请求头
ua = random.choice(self.user_agent)
request.headers['User-Agent'] = ua
# 默认返回None, 继续执行下一步操作
# Response: 直接返回(没有经过process_response, 和process_exception)
# Request: 重新进行调用本次process_request的请求
# IgnoreRequest:
# 判断应抓到网页的状态
def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
print(response.headers)
if response.status != 200:
return request
else:
return response
# 必须有返回值
# request: 重新进行调用本次process_request的请求
# response:返回源码
# IgnoreRequest: 抛出异常, 则Request的errorback()方法被回调。 如异常没被处理, 则会被忽略
request中添加代理
# 首先确认代理的类型 是http还是https的来判断proxie的取值
proxie = {
"http": "http://113.71.211.184:8197",
}
respons = requests.get('http://ip.filefab.com/index.php', proxies=proxie)
doc = etree.HTML(respons.text)
print(doc.xpath('.//h1[@id="ipd"]/span/text()'))