一键备份脚本 backup.sh
做网站最重要的是什么？数据！数据，是网站之本，备份，是每一个站长都应该重视的事情。但同时，备份也是一件繁琐和重复的事情。所以，这些事情，肯定能做到自动化的。
下面来介绍一下这个一键备份脚本 backup.sh。
总结一下 backup.sh 特点：
1、支持 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库全量备份或选择备份；
2、支持指定目录或文件的备份；
3、支持加密备份文件（需安装 openssl 命令，可选）；
4、支持上传至 Google Drive（需先安装 gdrive 并配置，可选）；
5、支持在删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，也删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件（可选）。
2016 年 8 月 21 日更新：
1、新增：指定 MySQL/MariaDB 的数据库名进行备份，可以同时指定多个；
2、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件。
2016 年 9 月 8 日更新：
1、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，可选删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件。
2016 年 11 月 29 日更新：
1、新增：上传备份文件到 FTP 选项；
2、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，可选删除 Google Drive 及 FTP 上的同名文件。
教程模式开启：
1、下载该脚本并赋予执行权限
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teddysun/across/raw/master/backup.sh chmod +x backup.sh
2、修改并配置脚本
请使用 vim 或 nano 等工具来修改。
关于变量名的一些说明：
ENCRYPTFLG （加密FLG，true 为加密，false 为不加密，默认是加密）
BACKUPPASS （加密密码，重要，务必要修改）
LOCALDIR （备份目录，可自己指定）
TEMPDIR （备份目录的临时目录，可自己指定）
LOGFILE （脚本运行产生的日志文件路径）
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD （MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的 root 用户密码）
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME （指定 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库名，留空则是备份所有数据库）
※ MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME 是一个数组变量，可以指定多个。举例如下：
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="phpmyadmin" MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[1]="test"
BACKUP （需要备份的指定目录或文件列表，留空就是不备份目录或文件）
※ BACKUP 是一个数组变量，可以指定多个。举例如下：
BACKUP[0]="/data/www/default/test.tgz" BACKUP[1]="/data/www/default/test/" BACKUP[2]="/data/www/default/test2/"
LOCALAGEDAILIES （指定多少天之后删除本地旧的备份文件，默认为 7 天）
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG （删除 Google Drive 或 FTP 上的备份文件 FLG，true 为删除，false 为不删除）
FTP_FLG （上传文件至 FTP 的 FLG，true 为上传，false 为不上传）
FTP_HOST （连接的 FTP 域名或 IP 地址）
FTP_USER （连接的 FTP 的用户名）
FTP_PASS （连接的 FTP 的用户的密码）
FTP_DIR （连接的 FTP 的远程目录，比如： public_html）
一些注意事项的说明：
1）脚本需要用 root 用户来执行；
2）脚本需要用到 openssl 来加密，请事先安装好；
3）脚本默认备份所有的数据库（全量备份）；
4）备份文件的解密命令如下：
openssl enc -aes256 -in [ENCRYPTED BACKUP] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[BACKUPPASS] -d -md sha1
5）备份文件解密后，解压命令如下：
tar -zxPf [DECRYPTION BACKUP FILE]
解释一下参数 -P：
tar 压缩文件默认都是相对路径的。加个 -P 是为了 tar 能以绝对路径压缩文件。因此，解压的时候也要带个 -P 参数。
3、配置 gdrive 命令
gdrive 是一个命令行工具，用于 Google Drive 的上传下载等操作。官网网站：
https://github.com/prasmussen/gdrive
当然，你可以用以下的命令来安装 gdrive。
x86_64（64位）：
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-x64 chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
i386（32位）
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-386 chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
然后，运行以下命令开始获取授权：
gdrive about
根据提示用浏览器打开 gdrive 给出的 URL，点击接受（Accept），然后将浏览器上显示出来的字符串粘贴回命令行里，完成授权。
4、运行脚本开始备份
./backup.sh
脚本默认会显示备份进度，并在最后统计出所需时间。
如果你想将脚本加入到 cron 自动运行的话，就不需要前台显示备份进度，只写日志就可以了。
这个时候你需要稍微改一下脚本中的 log 函数。
log() {
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
改为：
log() {
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
关于如何使用 cron 自动备份，这里就不再赘述了 以 CentOS 6 来举例说明。
修改文件 /etc/crontab，内容如下：
SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin MAILTO=root HOME=/root # For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat # | | | | | # * * * * * user-name command to be executed 30 1 * * * root bash /root/backup.sh
以上表示，每天凌晨 1 点 30 分，root 用户执行一次 backup.sh 脚本。
注意：
一定要修改其中的 PATH 和 HOME 变量的值。
尤其是 HOME 变量，gdrive 命令能否正确执行，是要依赖于其配置文件的。默认用 root 配置的话，其配置文件夹应该是 /root/.gdrive/ ，所以要更改 HOME 的值。
backup.sh 代码如下所示：
#!/usr/bin/env bash # # Auto backup script # # Copyright (C) 2016 Teddysun <i@teddysun.com> # # URL: https://teddysun.com/469.html # # You must to modify the config before run it!!! # Backup MySQL/MariaDB/Percona datebases, files and directories # Backup file is encrypted with AES256-cbc with SHA1 message-digest (option) # Auto transfer backup file to Google Drive (need install gdrive command) (option) # Auto transfer backup file to FTP server (option) # Auto delete Google Drive's or FTP server's remote file (option) # [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]] && echo "Error: This script must be run as root!" && exit 1 ########## START OF CONFIG ########## # Encrypt flag (true: encrypt, false: not encrypt) ENCRYPTFLG=true # WARNING: KEEP THE PASSWORD SAFE!!! # The password used to encrypt the backup # To decrypt backups made by this script, run the following command: # openssl enc -aes256 -in [encrypted backup] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[backup password] -d -md sha1 BACKUPPASS="mypassword" # Directory to store backups LOCALDIR="/root/backups/" # Temporary directory used during backup creation TEMPDIR="/root/backups/temp/" # File to log the outcome of backups LOGFILE="/root/backups/backup.log" # OPTIONAL: If you want backup MySQL database, enter the MySQL root password below MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD="" # Below is a list of MySQL database name that will be backed up # If you want backup ALL databases, leave it blank. MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="" # Below is a list of files and directories that will be backed up in the tar backup # For example: # File: /data/www/default/test.tgz # Directory: /data/www/default/test BACKUP[0]="" # Number of days to store daily local backups (default 7 days) LOCALAGEDAILIES="7" # Delete Googole Drive's & FTP server's remote file flag (true: delete, false: not delete) DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=false # Upload to FTP server flag (true: upload, false: not upload) FTP_FLG=false # FTP server # OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the Hostname or IP address below FTP_HOST="" # FTP username # OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the FTP username below FTP_USER="" # FTP password # OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the username's password below FTP_PASS="" # FTP server remote folder # OPTIONAL: If you want upload to FTP server, enter the FTP remote folder below # For example: public_html FTP_DIR="" ########## END OF CONFIG ########## # Date & Time DAY=$(date +%d) MONTH=$(date +%m) YEAR=$(date +%C%y) BACKUPDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S) # Backup file name TARFILE="${LOCALDIR}""$(hostname)"_"${BACKUPDATE}".tgz # Encrypted backup file name ENC_TARFILE="${TARFILE}.enc" # Backup MySQL dump file name SQLFILE="${TEMPDIR}mysql_${BACKUPDATE}.sql" log() { echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE} } # Check for list of mandatory binaries check_commands() { # This section checks for all of the binaries used in the backup BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl mysql mysqldump pwd rm tar ) # Iterate over the list of binaries, and if one isn't found, abort for BINARY in "${BINARIES[@]}"; do if [ ! "$(command -v "$BINARY")" ]; then log "$BINARY is not installed. Install it and try again" exit 1 fi done # check gdrive command GDRIVE_COMMAND=false if [ "$(command -v "gdrive")" ]; then GDRIVE_COMMAND=true fi # check ftp command if ${FTP_FLG}; then if [ ! "$(command -v "ftp")" ]; then log "ftp is not installed. Install it and try again" exit 1 fi fi } calculate_size() { local file_name=$1 local file_size=$(du -h $file_name 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}') if [ "x${file_size}" = "x" ]; then echo "unknown" else echo "${file_size}" fi } # Backup MySQL databases mysql_backup() { if [ -z ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD} ]; then log "MySQL root password not set, MySQL backup skipped" else log "MySQL dump start" mysql -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" 2>/dev/null <<EOF exit EOF if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then log "MySQL root password is incorrect. Please check it and try again" exit 1 fi if [ "${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[*]}" == "" ]; then mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" --all-databases > "${SQLFILE}" 2>/dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then log "MySQL all databases backup failed" exit 1 fi log "MySQL all databases dump file name: ${SQLFILE}" #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list BACKUP=(${BACKUP[*]} ${SQLFILE}) else for db in ${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[*]} do unset DBFILE DBFILE="${TEMPDIR}${db}_${BACKUPDATE}.sql" mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ${db} > "${DBFILE}" 2>/dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then log "MySQL database name [${db}] backup failed, please check database name is correct and try again" exit 1 fi log "MySQL database name [${db}] dump file name: ${DBFILE}" #Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list BACKUP=(${BACKUP[*]} ${DBFILE}) done fi log "MySQL dump completed" fi } start_backup() { [ "${BACKUP[*]}" == "" ] && echo "Error: You must to modify the [$(basename $0)] config before run it!" && exit 1 log "Tar backup file start" tar -zcPf ${TARFILE} ${BACKUP[*]} if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then log "Tar backup file failed" exit 1 fi log "Tar backup file completed" # Encrypt tar file if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then log "Encrypt backup file start" openssl enc -aes256 -in "${TARFILE}" -out "${ENC_TARFILE}" -pass pass:"${BACKUPPASS}" -md sha1 log "Encrypt backup file completed" # Delete unencrypted tar log "Delete unencrypted tar file: ${TARFILE}" rm -f ${TARFILE} fi # Delete MySQL temporary dump file for sql in `ls ${TEMPDIR}*.sql` do log "Delete MySQL temporary dump file: ${sql}" rm -f ${sql} done if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then OUT_FILE="${ENC_TARFILE}" else OUT_FILE="${TARFILE}" fi log "File name: ${OUT_FILE}, File size: `calculate_size ${OUT_FILE}`" } # Transfer backup file to Google Drive # If you want to install gdrive command, please visit website: # https://github.com/prasmussen/gdrive # of cause, you can use below command to install it # For x86_64: wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-x64; chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive # For i386: wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-386; chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive gdrive_upload() { if ${GDRIVE_COMMAND}; then log "Tranferring backup file to Google Drive" gdrive upload --no-progress ${OUT_FILE} >> ${LOGFILE} if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then log "Error: Tranferring backup file to Google Drive failed" exit 1 fi log "Tranferring backup file to Google Drive completed" fi } # Tranferring backup file to FTP server ftp_upload() { if ${FTP_FLG}; then [ -z ${FTP_HOST} ] && log "Error: FTP_HOST can not be empty!" && exit 1 [ -z ${FTP_USER} ] && log "Error: FTP_USER can not be empty!" && exit 1 [ -z ${FTP_PASS} ] && log "Error: FTP_PASS can not be empty!" && exit 1 [ -z ${FTP_DIR} ] && log "Error: FTP_DIR can not be empty!" && exit 1 local FTP_OUT_FILE=$(basename ${OUT_FILE}) log "Tranferring backup file to FTP server" ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS binary lcd $LOCALDIR cd $FTP_DIR put $FTP_OUT_FILE quit EOF log "Tranferring backup file to FTP server completed" fi } # Get file date get_file_date() { #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year DAYS=$(( $((10#${YEAR}*365)) + $((10#${MONTH}*30)) + $((10#${DAY})) )) unset FILEYEAR FILEMONTH FILEDAY FILEDAYS FILEAGE FILEYEAR=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 1-4) FILEMONTH=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 5-6) FILEDAY=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 7-8) if [[ "${FILEYEAR}" && "${FILEMONTH}" && "${FILEDAY}" ]]; then #Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year FILEDAYS=$(( $((10#${FILEYEAR}*365)) + $((10#${FILEMONTH}*30)) + $((10#${FILEDAY})) )) FILEAGE=$(( 10#${DAYS} - 10#${FILEDAYS} )) return 0 fi return 1 } # Delete Google Drive's old backup file delete_gdrive_file() { local FILENAME=$1 if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${GDRIVE_COMMAND}; then local FILEID=$(gdrive list -q "name = '${FILENAME}'" --no-header | awk '{print $1}') if [ -n ${FILEID} ]; then gdrive delete ${FILEID} >> ${LOGFILE} log "Google Drive's old backup file name: ${FILENAME} has been deleted" fi fi } # Delete FTP server's old backup file delete_ftp_file() { local FILENAME=$1 if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${FTP_FLG}; then ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS cd $FTP_DIR del $FILENAME quit EOF log "FTP server's old backup file name: ${FILENAME} has been deleted" fi } # Clean up old file clean_up_files() { cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then LS=($(ls *.enc)) else LS=($(ls *.tgz)) fi for f in ${LS[@]} do get_file_date ${f} if [ $? == 0 ]; then if [[ ${FILEAGE} -gt ${LOCALAGEDAILIES} ]]; then rm -f ${f} log "Old backup file name: ${f} has been deleted" delete_gdrive_file ${f} delete_ftp_file ${f} fi fi done } # Main progress STARTTIME=$(date +%s) # Check if the backup folders exist and are writeable if [ ! -d "${LOCALDIR}" ]; then mkdir -p ${LOCALDIR} fi if [ ! -d "${TEMPDIR}" ]; then mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR} fi log "Backup progress start" check_commands mysql_backup start_backup log "Backup progress complete" log "Upload progress start" gdrive_upload ftp_upload log "Upload progress complete" clean_up_files ENDTIME=$(date +%s) DURATION=$((ENDTIME - STARTTIME)) log "All done" log "Backup and transfer completed in ${DURATION} seconds"
最后，欢迎交流和提出意见。
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