Oracle数据库开启归档日志及rman备份情况查询

一、Oracle数据库开启归档日志

Oracle恢复演练,由于备份需要,需要开启归档日志。

1.1归档日志

归档日志(Archive Log)是非活动的重做日志备份.通过使用归档日志,可以保留所有重做历史记录,当数据库处于ARCHIVELOG模式并进行日志切换式,后台进程ARCH会将重做日志的内容保存到归档日志中.当数据库出现介质失败时,使用数据文件备份,归档日志和重做日志可以完全恢复数据库。

1.2ARCHIVELOG模式

ORACLE数据库运行在ARCHIVELOG模式时,所有的事务重做日志都将保存.这意味着对数据库进行的所有事务都留有一个备份,尽管重做日志以循环方式工作,但在一个重做日志被覆盖前均将为其建立一个副本.在重做日志文件复制完成之前,ORACLE数据库将停止一切新的操作,在旧的事务记录完成之前ORACLE不对其进行覆盖.有了所有事务的副本,数据库就可以从所有类型的失败中恢复,包括用户错误或磁盘崩溃.这是一种最安全的数据库工作方式。

1.3启动归档日志

1.登录sysdba账户,本例子中的Oracle是绑定的服务器,直接在对应服务器上用下面的命令登录:

sqlplus / as sysdba

 

2.查看归档信息

SQL> archive log list

//输出结果

Database log mode           No Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Disabled

Archive destination           USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     241

Current log sequence           255

No Archive Mode表示当前数据库未开启归档模式


3. 设置归档目录,该修改重启后生效
oracle默认使用闪回恢复区DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST作为归档路径,但是闪回恢复区在安装过程中有限制其大小,如果闪回恢复区满了,归档日志会因为无法写入而导致数据库阻塞。解决办法是可以通过增加闪回区大小或者修改归档日志的路径。修改log_archive_dest_1参数即可修改归档日志路径(pfile/spfile中参数db_recovery_file_dest指定的目录将无效),从Oracle 10g开始,可以生成多份一样的日志,保存多个位置,加强安全性,多个位置通过设置不同的log_archive_dest_{n}参数实现,archive log list输出中的Archive destination路径只显示最新修改的路径。

 

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1

//输出结果

NAME     TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_1     string

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/archivelog' scope=spfile;

//输出结果

System altered.


4. 修改归档日志格式,该修改重启后生效

SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='ARC%S_%R.%T_%D.dbf' scope=spfile;

//输出结果

System altered.


5. 开启归档日志
需要在mount状态下开始数据库归档,重启至mount

SQL> shutdown immediate

//输出结果

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size            2213776 bytes

Variable Size          989857904 bytes

Database Buffers      603979776 bytes

Redo Buffers            7360512 bytes

Database mounted.

 

开启数据库归档:

SQL> alter database archivelog;

//输出结果

Database altered.

 

查看归档结果:

SQL> archive log list

 

//输出结果

Database log mode           Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Enabled

Archive destination           /u01/app/oracle/archive_log

Oldest online log sequence     244

Next log sequence to archive   246

Current log sequence           246

 

开启强制归档:

ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;

 

打开数据库:

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

 

6.确认数据库为归档模式

SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

//输出结果

LOG_MODE

------------

ARCHIVELOG

 

SQL> select archiver from v$instance;

 

ARCHIVE

-------

STARTED

 

7.强制日志切换,确认是否开启归档成功
先查看当前归档日志视图和归档日志路径:

SQL> select name from v$archived_log;

//输出结果

no rows selected

[oracle@zml-rhel6 archive_log]$ ll

//输出结果

total 0

 

如结果所示,没有归档日志,下面执行强制日志切换:

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

//输出结果

System altered.

再次查看视图

SQL> select name from v$archived_log;

//输出结果

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002429_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

 

有归档日志产生,验证归档日志开启成功

1.4归档日志的清理

归档日志非常占用物理空间,应定时清理,归档日志的清理分为两部分:
1.物理删除归档日志
该方式是利用linux的脚本和crontab定时任务来查找n天前的日志进行删除,首先编写日志删除脚本:

[oracle@i-F44CBDC1 shell]$ vim deleteArchiveLog.sh

//输入如下指令,意为删除5天前的所有文件

find /oradata/archivelog -mtime +5 -name "*.*" -exec rm -Rf {} \;

保存脚本后,根据实际情况赋予权限或组别,然后操作crontab,本例子均在oracle用户下创建定时任务:

[root@i-F44CBDC1 ~]# crontab -e

//输入如下指令,意为每天035分执行删除归档日志脚本,并将脚本的执行记录输出到log文件中

35 0 * * * sh /usr/local/shell/deleteArchiveLog.sh >>/var/local/deletearchivelog.log

保存后,定时任务会到时间执行脚本。


2. 虽然物理删除了归档日志文件,但是控制文件中依然会有这些日志的记录,下面需要在控制文件中清理这些归档日志,利用RMAN进行清理。

//rman登录

rman target/

查看过期日志:

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

//输出结果

specification does not match any archived log in the repository

信息中显示没有过期日志,这是因为需要先检查归档日志的有效性,再进行删除:

RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;

//输出结果

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=70 device type=DISK

validation succeeded for archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002448_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=415 STAMP=1026952512

validation succeeded for archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002449_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=416 STAMP=1026952520

validation succeeded for archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002450_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=417 STAMP=1026952542

validation succeeded for archived log

再次查看过期的归档日志,rm删除的文件便被标记为了过期日志:

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

//输出结果

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCLWHS

=====================================================================

 

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

      1    606     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002609_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

      1    607     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002610_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

      1    608     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002611_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

删除过期的归档日志:

RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;

//输出结果

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=446 device type=DISK

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCLWHS

=====================================================================

 

Key     Thrd Seq     S Low Time

------- ---- ------- - ---------

       1    606     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002609_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

      1    607     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002610_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

      1    608     X 04-JUN-18

        Name: /oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002611_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf

//询问是否要删除上述文件,输入YES

Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002609_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=977949943

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002610_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=977954446

deleted archived log

archived log file name=/oradata/archivelog/ARC0000002611_0993570162.0001_e7cda172.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=977954551

Deleted 3 EXPIRED objects

再次查询过期的归档日志:

RMAN> list expired archivelog all;

//输出结果

specification does not match any archived log in the repository

我们可以将上述流程封装为shell脚本,用定时任务执行,首先创建脚本:

[oracle@i-F44CBDC1 shell]$ vim clearArchiveLog.sh

//输入如下内容

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

 

export PATH

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk

export ORACLE_SID=zjfwjyptdb

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/database/ora11g

export SQLPATH=/home/oracle/scripts

export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/etc:/bin:/usr/openwin/bin:\

/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:/oracle/crs/bin:$PATH

umask 022

 

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / log=/home/oracle/del_arch$(date +%Y-%m-%d).log <<EOF

crosscheck archivelog all;

delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

delete noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate - 5';

exit;

EOF

保存脚本,然后创建定时任务:

[oracle@i-F44CBDC1 shell]$ crontab -e

//输入如下内容,意为040执行clearArchiveLog.sh,并将执行信息输出到archivelogrmanlog.log文件中

 

40 0 * * * sh /usr/local/shell/clearArchiveLog.sh >>/var/local/archivelogrmanlog.log

保存退出,这样就可以定时清理控制文件中的归档日志记录了。
参考文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/ZeroTiny/p/9135247.html

 

 

二、rman查看备份情况操作命令

查看备份集:

RMAN> list backupset;

List of Backup Sets

===================

查看SCHEMA统计信息:

RMAN> report schema;

Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL

List of Permanent Datafiles

===========================

查看表空间的备份情况:

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

List of Backup Sets

===================

查看数据文件的备份情况:

RMAN> list backup of datafile 1;

List of Backup Sets

===================

查看控制文件的备份情况:

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;

List of Backup Sets

===================

查看设备类型为“Disk”的备份:(## 查看磁带上的备份可以使用“list device type sbt backup;”命令)

RMAN> list device type disk backup;

List of Backup Sets

===================

查看归档日志及其备份情况:

注:## 查看归档日志的命令为:list archivelog all; ## 查看未备份的备份集;

## 查看归档日志备份集的命令为:list backup of archivelog all; ## 查看已备份的备份集;

RMAN> list archivelog all;

List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL

=====================================================================

查看系统中不存在(或者说是不在指定路径下)的备份:

RMAN> list expired backup;

specification does not match any backup in the repository

注:
1.以上命令## 查看的是不存在的备份,如备份集用操作系统命令删除之后,crosscheck之后该备份集就为expired(X)状态。

2.跟obsolete概念区分,该参数是针对不满足retention policy条件(可以按照存放份数,也可以按照存放日期)的备份。

查看过期的备份:

RMAN> report obsolete;

查看几天前的schema状态

RMAN> report schema at time 'SYSDATE-1';

查看需要备份的文件:

RMAN> report need backup;

查看违反规则的备份:

RMAN> report obsolete;

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command

RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1

no obsolete backups found

 

参考:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20802110-id-3849567.html

posted @ 2020-08-06 17:49  HR·  阅读(7189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报