关于多线程的一个例子(UI实时显示)
转至:http://www.cnblogs.com/oec2003/archive/2009/12/20/1628412.html
相关问题:c#中使用多线程访问winform中控件的若干问题
我所修改的动态显示数据代码:
Thread thr = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate()
{
while (true)
{
Thread.Sleep(100);
try
{
this.Invoke(new Action(delegate() { label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); }));
}
catch
{
}
}
}));
thr.IsBackground = true;
thr.Start();
以下代码占用CPU资源过高
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(delegate(object o)
{
while (true)
{
this.Invoke(new Action(delegate() { label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString(); }));
}
}));
资料如下:
在开发Window应用程序的时候,经常需要在界面上显示出已经执行到什么步骤了,拿一个简单例子来说,创建一个Winform程序,在窗体上访一个Button和一个Label,点击Button时做100次循环,在Label上实时显示当前循环的次数。一种简单的做法就是使用Application.DoEvents,代码如下:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); label1.Text = i + "/100"; Application.DoEvents(); } }
上面的代码如果将Application.DoEvents();去掉当点击Button时,程序会卡住,直到这个循环执行完成,当这个循环足够大时是不能忍受的。不过小数据量用Application.DoEvents()还行,数据量大了使用Application.DoEvents()就会带来性能的问题。所以Application.DoEvents()要慎用,在大数据量的时候可以使用多线程解决。如下:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoWork)); thread.Start(); } private void DoWork() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); label1.Text = i + "/100"; } }
嗯?出现异常了是吧,没错上面的代码运行后后会出现“线程间操作无效: 从不是创建控件“label1”的线程访问它。”的异常。关于什么原因造成的,大家可以google一下。不过上面代码在vs03中貌似可以正常运行。将代码改成下面这样就可以正常运行了:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoWork)); thread.Start(); } private void DoWork() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action<string>(this.ChangeLabel),i.ToString()); } } private void ChangeLabel(string i) { label1.Text = i + "/100"; }
如果嫌多写一个ChangeLabel方法费事,可以写成匿名方法的形式,如下:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(DoWork)); thread.Start(); } private void DoWork() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action(delegate(){label1.Text=i+"/100";})); } }
同样可以使用匿名方法的方式将DoWork方法也去掉:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action(delegate() { label1.Text = i + "/100"; })); } })); thread.Start(); }
如果想传参数到Dowork方法中,那么就不能使用ThreadStart类了,应该使用ParameterizedThreadStart类,如下:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string name = "oec2003"; Thread thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(DoWork)); thread.Start(name); } private void DoWork(object name) { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action(delegate(){label1.Text=name+":"+ i+"/100";})); } }
同样我们也可以使用线程池的方式来实现
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(DoWork)); } private void DoWork(object o) { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action(delegate(){label1.Text=i+"/100";})); } }
使用匿名方法的方式:
private void btnTest_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(delegate(object o) { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { Thread.Sleep(100); this.Invoke(new Action(delegate() { label1.Text = i + "/100"; })); } })); }