实验1 现代C++编程初体验
实验任务1:
task1.cpp
1 // 现代C++标准库、算法库体验 2 // 本例用到以下内容: 3 // 1. 字符串string, 动态数组容器类vector、迭代器 4 // 2. 算法库:反转元素次序、旋转元素 5 // 3. 函数模板、const引用作为形参 6 7 #include <iostream> 8 #include <string> 9 #include <vector> 10 #include <algorithm> 11 12 using namespace std; 13 14 // 声明 15 // 模板函数声明 16 template<typename T> 17 void output(const T &c); 18 19 // 普通函数声明 20 void test1(); 21 void test2(); 22 void test3(); 23 24 int main() { 25 cout << "测试1: \n"; 26 test1(); 27 28 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 29 test2(); 30 31 cout << "\n测试3: \n"; 32 test3(); 33 } 34 35 // 函数实现 36 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 37 template <typename T> 38 void output(const T &c) { 39 for(auto &i: c) 40 cout << i << " "; 41 cout << endl; 42 } 43 44 // 测试1 45 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、string反转字符串 46 void test1() { 47 string s0{"0123456789"}; 48 cout << "s0 = " << s0 << endl; 49 50 string s1{s0}; 51 reverse(s1.begin(), s1.end()); // 反转指定迭代器区间的元素 52 cout << "s1 = " << s1 << endl; 53 54 string s2{s0}; 55 reverse_copy(s0.begin(), s0.end(), s2.begin()); // 将指定迭代区间的元素拷贝到指定迭代器开始的目标区间,并且在复制过程中反转次序 56 cout << "s2 = " << s2 << endl; 57 } 58 59 // 测试2 60 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector反转动态数组对象vector内数据 61 void test2() { 62 vector<int> v0{2, 0, 4, 9}; 63 cout << "v0: "; 64 output(v0); 65 66 vector<int> v1{v0}; 67 reverse(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 68 cout << "v1: "; 69 output(v1); 70 71 vector<int> v2{v0}; 72 reverse_copy(v0.begin(), v0.end(), v2.begin()); 73 cout << "v2: "; 74 output(v2); 75 } 76 77 // 测试3 78 // 组合使用算法库、迭代器、vector实现元素旋转移位 79 void test3() { 80 vector<int> v0{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}; 81 cout << "v0: "; 82 output(v0); 83 84 vector<int> v1{v0}; 85 rotate(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1, v1.end()); // 旋转指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())之间的数据项,旋转后从迭代器v1.begin()+1位置的数据项开始 86 cout << "v1: "; 87 output(v1); 88 89 vector<int> v2{v0}; 90 rotate(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+2, v2.end()); 91 cout << "v2: "; 92 output(v2); 93 94 vector<int> v3{v0}; 95 rotate(v3.begin(), v3.end()-1, v3.end()); 96 cout << "v3: "; 97 output(v3); 98 99 vector<int> v4{v0}; 100 rotate(v4.begin(), v4.end()-2, v4.end()); 101 cout << "v4: "; 102 output(v4); 103 }
运行测试截图
实验任务2:
task2.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 10 // 函数声明 11 // 模板函数声明 12 template<typename T> 13 void output(const T &c); 14 15 // 普通函数声明 16 int rand_int_100(); 17 void test1(); 18 void test2(); 19 20 int main() { 21 cout << "测试1: \n"; 22 test1(); 23 24 cout << "\n测试2: \n"; 25 test2(); 26 } 27 28 // 函数实现 29 // 输出容器对象c中的元素 30 template <typename T> 31 void output(const T &c) { 32 for(auto &i: c) 33 cout << i << " "; 34 cout << endl; 35 } 36 37 // 返回[0, 100]区间内的一个随机整数 38 int rand_int_100() { 39 return rand() % 101; 40 } 41 42 // 测试1 43 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、排序 44 void test1() { 45 vector<int> v0(10); // 创建一个动态数组对象v0, 对象大小为10 46 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); // 产生[0, 100]之间的随机整数赋值给指定迭代器区间[v0.begin(), v0.end())内的每个数据项 47 cout << "v0: "; 48 output(v0); 49 50 vector<int> v1{v0}; 51 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin(), v1.end())内数据项进行升序排序 52 cout << "v1: "; 53 output(v1); 54 55 vector<int> v2{v0}; 56 sort(v2.begin()+1, v2.end()-1); // 对指定迭代器区间[v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1)内数据项进行升序排序 57 cout << "v2: "; 58 output(v2); 59 } 60 61 // 测试2 62 // 对容器类对象指定迭代器区间进行赋值、计算最大值/最小值/均值 63 void test2() { 64 vector<int> v0(10); 65 generate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), rand_int_100); 66 cout << "v0: "; 67 output(v0); 68 69 auto iter1 = min_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 70 cout << "最小值: " << *iter1 << endl; 71 72 auto iter2 = max_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 73 cout << "最大值: " << *iter2 << endl; 74 75 auto ans = minmax_element(v0.begin(), v0.end()); 76 cout << "最小值: " << *(ans.first) << endl; 77 cout << "最大值: " << *(ans.second) << endl; 78 double avg1 = accumulate(v0.begin(), v0.end(), 0)/v0.size(); 79 cout << "均值: " << fixed << setprecision(2) << avg1 << endl; 80 81 cout << endl; 82 83 vector<int> v1{v0}; 84 cout << "v0: "; 85 output(v0); 86 sort(v1.begin(), v1.end()); 87 double avg2 = accumulate(v1.begin()+1, v1.end()-1, 0)/(v1.size()-2); 88 cout << "去掉最大值、最小值之后,均值: " << avg2 << endl; 89 }
运行测试截图:
实验任务3:
task3.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 bool is_palindrome(std::string s); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 string s; 10 11 while(cin >> s) // 多组输入,直到按下Ctrl+Z后结束测试 12 cout << boolalpha << is_palindrome(s) << endl; 13 } 14 15 // 函数is_palindrom定义 16 bool is_palindrome(std::string s) 17 { 18 int len=s.size(); 19 for(int i=0;i<len/2;i++) 20 { 21 if(s[i]!=s[len-i-1]) 22 { 23 return false; 24 } 25 return true; 26 } 27 }
运行测试截图:
实验任务4:
task4.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <algorithm> 4 5 std::string dec2n(int x, int n = 2); 6 7 int main() { 8 using namespace std; 9 10 int x; 11 while(cin >> x) { 12 cout << "十进制: " << x << endl; 13 cout << "二进制: " << dec2n(x) << endl; 14 cout << "八进制: " << dec2n(x, 8) << endl; 15 cout << "十六进制: " << dec2n(x, 16) << endl << endl; 16 } 17 } 18 19 // 函数dec2n定义 20 std::string dec2n(int x,int n) 21 { 22 std::string s1=""; 23 std::string s2=""; 24 if(n==2||n==8) 25 { 26 while(x/n!=0) 27 { 28 s1+=('0'+x%n); 29 x=x/n; 30 } 31 s1+=('0'+x%n); 32 reverse(s1.begin(),s1.end()); 33 return s1; 34 }else{ 35 36 for(int i=0;i<=9;i++){ 37 s1[i]=('0'+i); 38 } 39 for(int i=10;i<=15;i++){ 40 s1[i]=('A'+(i-10)); 41 } 42 while(x/n!=0){ 43 s2+=s1[x%n]; 44 x=x/n; 45 } 46 s2+=s1[x%n]; 47 reverse(s2.begin(),s2.end()); 48 return s2; 49 } 50 }
运行测试截图:
实验任务5:
task5.cpp
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<iomanip> 3 #include<vector> 4 #include<string> 5 using namespace std; 6 7 int main() 8 { 9 vector<char> v1; 10 vector<char> v2; 11 vector<char> v3; 12 for(int i='a';i<='z';i++){ 13 v1.push_back(i); 14 } 15 for(int i='A';i<='Z';i++){ 16 v2.push_back(i); 17 } 18 cout<<setw(2)<<" "; 19 for(int i='a';i<='z';i++){ 20 cout<<setw(2)<<(char)i; 21 } 22 cout<<endl; 23 for(int i=1;i<=26;i++){ 24 cout<<setw(2)<<i; 25 for(int j=i;j<=25+i;j++){ 26 cout<<setw(2)<<(char)('A'+(j%26)); 27 } 28 cout<<endl; 29 } 30 return 0; 31 }
运行测试截图:
实验任务6:
task6.cpp
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstdlib> 3 #include <ctime> 4 #include <iomanip> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 int generateRandomNumber(int min, int max) { 9 return rand() % (max - min + 1) + min; 10 } 11 12 char generateRandomOperator() { 13 char operators[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'}; 14 return operators[rand() % 4]; 15 } 16 17 void generateQuestion(int &num1, int &num2, char &op) { 18 do { 19 num1 = generateRandomNumber(1, 10); 20 num2 = generateRandomNumber(1, 10); 21 op = generateRandomOperator(); 22 } while ((op == '-' && num1 <= num2) || (op == '/' && num1 % num2 != 0)); 23 } 24 25 int calculate(int num1, int num2, char op) { 26 switch (op) { 27 case '+': return num1 + num2; 28 case '-': return num1 - num2; 29 case '*': return num1 * num2; 30 case '/': return num1 / num2; 31 default: return 0; 32 } 33 } 34 35 int main() { 36 srand(time(0)); 37 38 const int numQuestions = 10; 39 int correctAnswers = 0; 40 41 for (int i = 0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { 42 int num1, num2; 43 char op; 44 generateQuestion(num1, num2, op); 45 46 cout << num1 << " " << op << " " << num2 << " = "; 47 int userAnswer; 48 cin >> userAnswer; 49 50 int correctResult = calculate(num1, num2, op); 51 if (userAnswer == correctResult) { 52 correctAnswers++; 53 } 54 } 55 56 double accuracy = static_cast<double>(correctAnswers) / numQuestions * 100; 57 cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << "正确率: " << accuracy << "%" << endl; 58 59 return 0; 60 }
运行测试截图: