oracle DBID,SID,DB_NAME,DB_DOMAIN,INSTANCE_NAME,DB_UNIQUE_NAME, SERVICE_NAMES 及监听参数的说明

DBID,SID,DB_NAME,DB_DOMAIN,INSTANCE_NAME,DB_UNIQUE_NAME, SERVICE_NAMES 及监听参数的说明

DB 相关的: DBID, SID
PFILE 中的参数: DB_NAME, DB_DOMAIN, INSTANCE_NAME,DB_UNIQUE_NAME,SERVICE_NAMES,GLOBAL_NAME,GLOBAL_NAMES
Listener.ora 中参数:SID_NAME, GLOBAL_DBNAME
Tnsnames.ora 中参数:SERVICE_NAME, SID

1 与 DB 相关的 2 个参数

DBID(DataBase IDentifier)
Oracle 官网对 DBID 的解释如下:
An internal, uniquely generated number that differentiates databases. Oracle creates this number automatically when you create the database
DBID 可以看成是 db_name 在数据库内部的表示。 DBID 是在创建数据库时,用 db_name 结合一种算法来创建的。 具体用什么算法,不太清楚。它存在
与数据文件和控制文件,用于表示数据文件的归属。 所以这个 DBID 是唯一的。对于不同的数据库, DBID 是不同的,但是 db_name 有可能相同。

SYS@ orcl >select dbid from v$database;

      DBID
----------
1534031567

SID(system identifier)

SYS@ orcl >select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl

尽管v$instance中字段 instance_name 看起来是实例名,但是实际上存储的是 sid。 在win下, 不管oracle_home是否相同sid不能重复。

2 Pfile 中的参数

SYS@ orcl >create pfile='/tmp/pfile20180509.sql' from spfile;

File created.
[oracle@DSI ~]$ cat /tmp/pfile20180509.sql 
orcl.__db_cache_size=322961408
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=318767104
orcl.__sga_target=469762048
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=121634816
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch'
*.memory_target=786432000
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_NAME
Database identifier. Must correspond to the value used in the CREATE DATABASE statement. Maximum 8 characters.
DB_NAME 是数据库名,它的长度不能超过8个字节,超过8个会被截断。
对于 RAC 环境,各个节点之间的 DB_NAME 都是相同的,INSTANCE_NAME 不同,DB_DOMAIN相同,DB_UNIQUE_NAME相同。
对于 Data Guard 环境, DB_NAME 相同, DB_UNIQUE_NAME 不同。
查看db_name

SYS@ orcl >show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     orcl
SYS@ orcl > select dbid,name from v$database;

      DBID NAME
---------- ---------
1534031567 ORCL

DB_DOMAIN

Property   Description
Default value There is no default value.
Modifiable No
Range of values Any legal string of name components, separated by periods and up to 128 characters long (including the periods). This value cannot be NULL
Basic Yes
Oracle RAC You must set this parameter for every instance, and multiple instances must have the same value

DB_UNIQUE_NAME

Property Description
Parameter type String
Syntax DB_UNIQUE_NAME = database_unique_name
Default value Database instances: the value of DB_NAME Automatic Storage Management instances: +ASM
Modifiable No
Basic Yes
Oracle RAC Multiple instances must have the same value.

-- 对于 DB_NAME 系统的的数据库必须要有不同的 DB_UNIQUE_NAME。
DB_UNQUIE_NAME 的会影响到 Service_names,也会影响到动态监听的时候的 service_name。
如在 Data Guard 环境下,如果采用动态注册,那么注册的Service 就是 DB_UNIQUE_NAME。 但 instance 还是 instance_name,即 SID
如:
Service " orcl_st " has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service " orcl_st _XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

INSTANCE_NAME

Property Description
Parameter type String
Syntax INSTANCE_NAME = instance_id
Default value

The instance's SID Note: The SID identifies the instance's shared memory on a host,
but may not uniquely distinguish this instance from other instances.

Modifiable No
Range of values Any alphanumeric characters and the underscore (_) character
Basic No

--INSTANCE_NAME 的默认值就是 SID。 一般跟数据库库名称相同,也可以不相同。

SYS@ orcl >show parameter db_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                  string     orcl
SYS@ orcl > show parameter instance_name

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name                 string     orcl

--INSTANCE_NAME 会影响进程的命名:

[oracle@DSI ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon ##单实例
oracle   17779     1  0 May08 ?        00:00:04 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle   22576 17549  0 15:19 pts/3    00:00:00 grep pmon
[oracle@rac05 ~]$ ps -ef|grep pmon ##rac
grid      4076     1  0 Apr26 ?        00:03:01 asm_pmon_+ASM1
oracle    4658     1  0 Apr26 ?        00:03:36 ora_pmon_bol1
oracle   21999 19674  0 15:20 pts/0    00:00:00 grep pmon

--initSID.ora 和 orapwSID 文件要与 INSTANCE_NAME 保持一致:
[oracle@DSI ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@DSI dbs]$ ll
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall     1544 May  8 17:02 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall       24 Apr 22 10:07 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall     1536 Apr 22 10:28 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Apr 30 15:45 snapcf_orcl.f
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall     2560 May  8 22:00 spfileorcl.ora

SERVICE_NAMES

Property Description
Parameter type String
Syntax SERVICE_NAMES =db_service_name [, db_service_name [ ... ] ]
Default value DB_UNIQUE_NAME.DB_DOMAIN if defined
Modifiable ALTER SYSTEM
Range of values Any ASCII string or comma-separated list of string names
Basic No
Oracle RAC

Do not set the SERVICE_NAMES parameter for Oracle RAC environments. Instead, define services using Oracle Enterprise
Manager and manage those services using Server Control (SRVCTL) utility.

--服务名是复数, service_names 可以是多个值
在 Data Guard 中, 如果采用动态注册, 建议在 primary, standby 上使用相同的 service_names,这样可能便于尽可能的实现透明切换。
如果配置了静态注册的监听在 primary, standby 上也务必保持在 listener 中要求输入的服务名相同,尽可能的实现透明切换。

SYS@ orcl >show parameter service_names 

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                 string     orcl

GLOBAL_NAME
global_name 是由 db_name.db_domain 构成。

SYS@ orcl >select * from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORCL
Property Description
Parameter type Boolean
Default value false
Modifiable ALTER SESSION, ALTER SYSTEM
Range of values true | false
Basic No

Global_names 是一个布尔值, global_names 的作用是创建 db link 时是否强制使用远程数据库的 global_name,如果 global_names=true,则 db link name 必须要
求是 remote database 的 global_name,否则创建之后 db link 不能连同,缺省值是false。多用于分布式系统

SYS@ orcl >show parameter global_names;

NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
global_names    
rac:
--instance1
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='bol'
bol2.instance_number=2
bol1.instance_number=1
--instance2
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='bol'
bol2.instance_number=2
bol1.instance_number=1

dg:
--primary
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='bol'
bol2.instance_number=2
bol1.instance_number=1
--standby
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='bol'
*.service_names='orcl'
*.db_unique_name='orcl'

db_name 还有一个非常重要的作用就是动态注册监听. 关于动态注册和静态注册,参考 Blog:
Oracle Listener 动态注册 与 静态注册
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx
不管是否指定了 service_name,或者说 service_name 的值是什么, pmon 都会使用 db_name 动态注册监听的。
注册到监听器中的服务值从 init.ora 文件中的参数 service_names 取得。
如果该参数没有设定值,数据库将拼接 init.ora 文件中的 db_name 和 db_domain 的值来注册自己。
如果选择提供 service_names 值,您可以使用完全限定的名称(比
如 orcl.oracle.com)或缩写的名称(比如 orcl)。如果选择缩写的名称并设置了
db_domain 参数, 注册到监听器中的服务将是 service_name 值和 db_domain 值的拼接。

3 Listener.ora 文件中的参数

==rac
[oracle@rac05 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-MAY-2019 14:57:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                26-APR-2019 17:27:58
Uptime                    12 days 21 hr. 29 min. 25 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/rac05/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.15.8.15)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.15.8.17)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bol" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "bol1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "bol1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bolXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bol1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@rac05 ~]$ cat  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))        # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))))        # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON        # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON        # line added by Agent

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = bol)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = bol1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/grid

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON        # line added by Agent

LISTENER_SCAN1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = LISTENER_SCAN1))
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER_SCAN1 = /u01/app/grid

==单实例

[oracle@DSI ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-MAY-2019 14:56:11

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=DSI)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-MAY-2019 09:45:00
Uptime                    3 days 5 hr. 11 min. 11 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/DSI/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=DSI)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@DSI ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DSI)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_NAME
SID_NAME 指数据库的运行的实例名,和 instance_name 保持一致
GLOBAL_DBNAME
配置静态监听注册时, 需要输入 SID 和 GLOBAL_NAME。
GLOBAL_DBNAME 是 listener 配置的对外网络连接名称, 我们可以写成任意值。
在客户端配置监听的 tnsnames.ora 文件中的 service_name 与这个GLOBAL_DBNAME 保持一致就可以了。因为客户端访问数据库是通过监听来实现的。

如果采用动态注册的话, PMON 进程会根据初始化参数 initSID.ora 中的
instance_name,service_names 两个参数将实例和服务动态注册到 listener 中, 这时
自动注册的对外网络连接名称就是 initSID.ora 文件中 service_names

因为 service_names 可以有多个值,如果有多个值,就会注册多个。 但是他
们对应都是同一个 instance_name。 这样,我们在客户端配置 tnsnames.ora 时,
在 service_name 写其中任意一个都可以正常连上数据库。

4 Tnsnames.ora 文件

[oracle@DSI ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora 
orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.15.7.25)(PORT = 1521))  
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

SERVICE_NAME
如果服务器采监听采用了静态注册,那么这个参数就等于 Listener.ora 文件中的 GLOBAL_DBNAME 的值
如果是动态注册,那么这个值就是 initSID.ora 文件中 service_names 中的值。
SID
在 tnsnames.ora 文件中还可以使用 SID。 如果使用该参数,只需要把该参数指定为 instance_name 就可以了。

 

 

参考:Blog:http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/12/20/6086066.aspx

 

posted @ 2019-05-09 16:27  春困秋乏夏打盹  阅读(545)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报