 1 #pragma once
 2 #include"button.hpp"
 3 #include<vector>
 4 //vector
 5 #include<iostream>
 6 
 7 using std::vector;
 8 using std::cout;
 9 using std::endl;
10 
11 class Window{
12     public:
13         Window(const string &win_title);
14         void display() const;
15         void close();
16         void add_button(const string &label);
17         
18     private:
19         string title;
20         vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22 
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title}{
24     buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25     //push_back
26 }
27 
28 inline void Window::display() const{
29     string s(40,'*');
30     
31     cout<<s<<endl;   //定义一个字符串s由40个*组成，输出，分隔作用 
32     cout<<"window title: "<<title<<endl;
33     cout<<"It has "<<buttons.size()<<" buttons: "<<endl;
34     //size()
35     for(const auto &i:buttons)
36       cout<<i.get_label()<<" button"<<endl;
37     cout<<s<<endl;
38 }
39 
40 void Window::close(){
41     cout<<"close window '"<<title<<"'"<<endl;
42     buttons.at(0).click();
43     //at()
44 }
45 
46 void Window::add_button(const string &label){
47     buttons.push_back(Button(label));
48 }

View Code

button.cpp

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 #include<string>
 5 //string
 6 
 7 using std::string;
 8 using std::cout;
 9 
10 class Button{
11     public:
12         Button (const string &text);
13         string get_label() const;
14         void click();
15     
16     private:
17         string label;
18 };
19 
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text}{
21 }
22 
23 inline string Button::get_label() const{
24     return label;
25 }
26 
27 void Button::click(){
28     cout<<"Button '"<<label<<"'clicked\n";
29 }

View Code

task1.pp

 1 #include "window.hpp"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::cin;
 6 
 7 void test(){
 8     Window w1("new window");
 9     w1.add_button("maximize");
10     w1.display();
11     w1.close();
12     
13 }
14 
15 int main(){
16     cout<<"用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
17     test();
18 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

问题1：

自定义了里两个类 Window 和 Button，使用了标准库的 vector 和 string 两个标准准库类，string和button，window,string,vector之间存在组合关系。

问题2：

click和close都没有修改成员变量，可以加const提高安全性。

问题3：

功能是自定义了一个字符串s，它由40个*组成并输出，起到了分隔的作用。

任务2：

task2.cpp:

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <vector>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
 5     for(auto &i: v)
 6     cout << i << ", ";
 7     cout << "\b\b \n";
 8 }
 9 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
10     for(auto &i: v) {
11         for(auto &j: i)
12             cout << j << ", ";
13         cout << "\b\b \n";
14     }
15 }
16 void test1() {
17     vector<int> v1(5, 42);
18     const vector<int> v2(v1);
19     v1.at(0) = -999;
20     cout << "v1: "; output1(v1);
21     cout << "v2: "; output1(v2);
22     cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
23     cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
24 }
25 void test2() {
26     vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
27     const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
28     v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
29     cout << "v1: \n"; output2(v1);
30     cout << "v2: \n"; output2(v2);
31     vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
32     cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
33     const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
34     cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
35 }
36 int main() {
37     cout << "测试1:\n";
38     test1();
39     cout << "\n测试2:\n";
40     test2();
41 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

问题1：

　　line21：创建一个int型的vector容器v1，其中值为5和42。

　　line22：创建一个int型的vector容器v2，将v1复制给v2。

　　line24：v1中第一个值改为-999。

问题2：

　　line32：创建一个vector容器v1，其中存放两个int型的vector，他们中存放的值分别为1，2，3和4，5，6，7。

　　line33：创建一个const 类型的vector容器v2，其中存放int型的vector，用v1复制构造初始化。

　　line35：在v1的第一个vector的最后追加一个元素，值为-999。

问题3：

　　创建一个vector容器v1，其中值为vector v1的第一个元素。

　　line40：输出t1最后一个元素的值。

　　line42：创建一个const 类型的 vector容器t2，其中值为vector v2的第一个元素。

　　line43：输出t2最后一个元素的值。

问题4：

　　深复制。

　　不需要。

任务3：

task3.cpp:

 1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cin;
 5 using std::cout;
 6 
 7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
 8     for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
 9         cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10     cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12 
13 
14 void test1() {
15     int n;
16     cout << "Enter n: ";
17     cin >> n;
18 
19     vectorInt x1(n);
20     for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21         x1.at(i) = i*i;
22     cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);
23 
24     vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25     vectorInt x3(x2);
26     x2.at(0) = -999;
27     cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
28     cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
29 }
30 
31 void test2() {
32     const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
33     vectorInt y(10, 0);
34 
35     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
36     y.assign(x);
37     cout << "y: ";  output(y);
38     
39     cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40     cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42 
43 int main() {
44     cout << "测试1: \n";
45     test1();
46 
47     cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48     test2();
49 }

View Code

vectorInt.hpp:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12     vectorInt(int n);
13     vectorInt(int n, int value);
14     vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15     ~vectorInt();
16 
17     int& at(int index);
18     const int& at(int index) const;
19 
20     vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21     int get_size() const;
22 
23 private:
24     int size;
25     int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27 
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30 
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33         ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35 
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37     for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38         ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40 
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42     delete [] ptr;
43 }
44 
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47 
48     return ptr[index];
49 }
50 
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52     assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53 
54     return ptr[index];
55 }
56 
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
58     delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59 
60     size = v.size;
61     ptr = new int[size];
62 
63     for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64         ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65 
66     return *this;
67 }
68 
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70     return size;
71 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

问题1：

　　深复制。

问题2：

　　不能，左边返回值类型是一个常数不能被修改。

　　存在安全隐患：去掉const 可能导致值的修改影响结果。

问题3：

　　可以，进行一个赋值操作，但会有额外内存开销。

任务4：

matrix.hpp:

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <cassert>
 5 
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12     Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13     Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14     Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15     ~Matrix();
16 
17     void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18     void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19     
20     const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21     double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22     
23     int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数
24     int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数
25 
26     void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27 
28 private:
29     int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30     int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31     double *ptr;
32 };
33 
34 // 类Matrix的实现：待补足
35 Matrix::Matrix(int n,int m):lines(n),cols(m){
36     ptr=new double[n*m];
37 }
38 
39 Matrix::Matrix(int n):lines(n),cols(n){
40     ptr=new double[n*n];
41 }
42 
43 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x):lines(x.lines),cols(x.cols){
44     ptr=new double[lines*cols];
45     for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
46         ptr[i]=x.ptr[i];
47 }
48 
49 Matrix::~Matrix(){
50     delete[] ptr;
51 }
52 
53 void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue){
54     for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
55         ptr[i]=*(pvalue+i);
56 }
57 
58 void Matrix::clear(){
59     for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++)
60         ptr[i]=0;
61 }
62 
63 const double& Matrix::at(int i,int j) const{
64     assert(i>=0&&i<lines&&j>=0&&j<cols);
65     return ptr[i*cols+j];
66 }
67 double& Matrix::at(int i,int j) {
68     assert(i>=0&&i<lines&&j>=0&&j<cols);
69     return ptr[i*cols+j];
70 }
71 
72 int Matrix::get_lines() const{
73     return lines;
74 }
75 
76 int Matrix::get_cols() const{
77     return cols;
78 }
79 
80 void Matrix::display() const{
81     for(int i=0;i<lines;i++)
82     {
83         for(int j=0;j<cols;j++)
84             cout<<at(i,j)<<" ";
85         cout<<endl;
86     }
87 }
88 // xxx

View Code

task4.cpp:

 1 #include "matrix.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cassert>
 4 
 5 using std::cin;
 6 using std::cout;
 7 using std::endl;
 8 
 9 
10 const int N = 1000;
11 
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14     assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15 
16     for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17         cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18     cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20 
21 
22 void test1() {
23     double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24 
25     int n, m;
26     cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27     cin >> n >> m;
28 
29     Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30     m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31 
32     Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33     m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34 
35     Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36     m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37 
38     cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;
39     cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;
40     cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;
41 }
42 
43 void test2() {
44     Matrix m1(2, 3);
45     m1.clear();
46     
47     const Matrix m2(m1);
48     m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49 
50     cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51     cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52     cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53     cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55 
56 int main() {
57     cout << "测试1: \n";
58     test1();
59 
60     cout << "测试2: \n";
61     test2();
62 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

任务5：

user.hpp

 1 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 2 using namespace std;
 3 class User{
 4     private:
 5         string name;
 6         string password;
 7         string email;
 8         
 9     public:
10         User(const string &name,const string &password="123456", const string &email=""):name(name),password(password),email(email){}
11     void set_email(){
12         string _email;
13         int tag=0;
14         cout<<"Enter email address: ";
15         while(tag==0){
16             cin>>_email;
17             int len=sizeof(_email);
18             for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
19                 if(_email[i]=='@')
20                   tag=1;
21             }
22             if(tag)
23                 cout<< "email is set successfully..."<<endl;
24             else
25                 cout<<"illegal email. Please re-enter email:"; 
26         }
27 
28     }
29         
30     void change_password(){
31         int attempt=3;
32         string old_password , new_password;
33         cout<<"Enter old password: ";
34         while(attempt>0){
35             attempt--;
36             cin>>old_password;
37             if(old_password==password){
38                 cout<<"Enter new password: ";
39                 cin>>new_password;
40                 password=new_password;
41                 cout<<"new password is set successfully..."<<endl; 
42                 return ;
43             }
44             else{
45                 cout<<"password input error. Please re-enter again: ";
46             }
47         }
48         cout<<"password input error. Please try after a while. "<<endl; 
49     }
50 
51     void display() const {
52         cout<<"name:   "<<name<<endl;
53         cout<<"pass:   ";
54         int length=sizeof(password);
55         for(int i=1;i<=length;i++)
56           cout<<"*";
57         cout<<endl;
58         cout<<"email:   "<<email<<endl;
59     }
60 };

View Code

task5.cpp

 1 #include "user.hpp"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <vector>
 4 #include <string>
 5 
 6 using std::cin;
 7 using std::cout;
 8 using std::endl;
 9 using std::vector;
10 using std::string;
11 
12 void test() {
13     vector<User> user_lst;
14 
15     User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
16     user_lst.push_back(u1);
17     cout << endl;
18 
19     User u2("Bob");
20     u2.set_email();
21     u2.change_password();
22     user_lst.push_back(u2);
23     cout << endl;
24 
25     User u3("Hellen");
26     u3.set_email();
27     u3.change_password();
28     user_lst.push_back(u3);
29     cout << endl;
30 
31     cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
32     for(auto &i: user_lst) {
33         i.display();
34         cout << endl;
35     }
36 }
37 
38 int main() {
39     test();
40 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

任务6：

date.h

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main() {
 5     //起始日期
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 7     //建立几个账户
 8     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 9         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
10         SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
11     };
12     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
13 
14     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
15     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
16 
17     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
18     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
19 
20     cout << endl;
21     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
22         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
23         accounts[i].show();
24         cout << endl;
25     }
26     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
27     return 0;
28 }

View Code

date.cpp

 1 #include "date.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <cstdlib>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 namespace {
 6     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
 7 }
 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
 9     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10         cout << "Invalid date:";
11         show();
12         cout << endl;
13         exit(1);
14     }
15     int years = year - 1;
16     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
20     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21         return 29;
22     else
23         return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
24 }
25 void Date::show() const {
26     cout << getYear() << " - " << getMonth() << " - " << getDay();
27 }

View Code

account.cpp

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <cmath>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
 6 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
 7     date.show();
 8     cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
 9 }
10 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
11     accumulation = accumulate(date);
12     lastDate = date;
13     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
14     balance += amount;
15     total += amount;
16     date.show();
17     cout << "t\#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
18 }
19 void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {
20     cout << "Error(# " << id << " ): " << msg << endl;
21 }
22 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
23     record(date, amount, desc);
24 }
25 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string& desc) {
26     if (amount > getBalance())
27         error("not enough money");
28     else
29         record(date, -amount, desc);
30 }
31 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
32     double interest = accumulate(date) * rate//计算年息
33                       / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
34     if (interest != 0)
35         record(date, interest, "interest");
36     accumulation = 0;
37 }
38 void SavingsAccount::show() const {
39     cout << "ID: "<< id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
40 }

View Code

account.h

 1 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 2 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 3 #include "date.h"
 4 #include <string>
 5 class SavingsAccount {
 6 
 7     private:
 8         std::string id;
 9         double balance,rate,accumulation;
10         Date lastDate;
11         static double total;
12 
13         void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
14 
15         void error(const std::string& msg) const;
16 
17         double accumulate(const Date& date) const {
18             return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
19         }
20     public:
21         SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
22         const std::string& getId() const {
23             return id;
24         }
25         double getBalance() const {
26             return balance;
27         }
28         double getRate() const {
29             return rate;
30         }
31         static double getTotal() {
32             return total;
33         }
34 
35         void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
36 
37         void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
38 
39         void settle(const Date& date);
40 
41         void show() const;
42 };
43 #endif

View Code

6_25.cpp

 1 #include "account.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main() {
 5     //起始日期
 6     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
 7     //建立几个账户
 8     SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
 9         SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
10         SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
11     };
12     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
13 
14     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
15     accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
16 
17     accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
18     accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
19 
20     cout << endl;
21     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
22         accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
23         accounts[i].show();
24         cout << endl;
25     }
26     cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
27     return 0;
28 }

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运行结果截图：

posted on 2024-11-10 14:06 於泓瑾阅读(12) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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