 1 #include "t.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 using std::cout;
 6 using std::endl;
 7 using std::string;
 8 
 9 // static成员数据类外初始化
10 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
11 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
12 int T::cnt = 0;
13 
14 
15 // 对象方法
16 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { 
17     ++cnt; 
18     cout << "T constructor called.\n";
19 } 
20 
21 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
22     ++cnt;
23     cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
24 }
25 
26 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
27     ++cnt;
28     cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
29 }    
30 
31 T::~T() {
32     --cnt;
33     cout << "T destructor called.\n";
34 }           
35 
36 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
37     m1 *= ratio;
38     m2 *= ratio;
39 }    
40 
41 void T::display() const {
42     cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
43 }     
44 
45 // 类方法
46 int T::get_cnt() {
47    return cnt;
48 }
49 
50 // 友元
51 void func() {
52     T t5(42);
53     t5.m2 = 2049;
54     cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
55 }

t.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 // 类T: 声明
 6 class T {
 7 // 对象属性、方法
 8 public:
 9     T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通构造函数
10     T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
11     T(T &&t);       // 移动构造函数
12     ~T();           // 析构函数
13 
14     void adjust(int ratio);      // 按系数成倍调整数据
15     void display() const;           // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16 
17 private:
18     int m1, m2;
19 
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22     static int get_cnt();          // 显示当前T类对象总数
23 
24 public:
25     static const std::string doc;       // 类T的描述信息
26     static const int max_cnt;           // 类T对象上限
27 
28 private:
29     static int cnt;         // 当前T类对象数目
30 
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32     friend void func();
33 };
34 
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();

task1.cpp

 1 #include "t.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 void test();
 8 
 9 int main() {
10     test();
11     cout << "\nmain: \n";
12     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
13 }
14 
15 void test() {
16     cout << "test class T: \n";
17     cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
18     cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
19     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
20 
21 
22     T t1;
23     cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
24 
25     T t2(3, 4);
26     cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
27 
28     T t3(t2);
29     t3.adjust(2);
30     cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
31 
32     T t4(std::move(t2));
33     cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
34 
35     cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
36 
37     func();
38 }

运行结果截图：

问题1：

不能删除。如果删除，整个函数中就不存在func()函数的声明，只存在对友元函数的声明。

问题2：

line 9 是普通构造函数，参数x，y在默认情况下有默认的初值为0。当生成一个对象，有初值时则给其赋值，否则x，y默认值均为0。

line 10 是复制构造函数，传入一个已经存在的T类对象，再生成一个新的T类对象，且新的对象x，y 的值都与传过来的参数的x，y值相等。当创建一个对象且参数值等于另外一个已经存在的对象时，调用复制函数。

line 11是移动构造函数，右值引用，新生成一个对象，将原有的对象的x，y值剪切给新的对象，原来的对象不再拥有本来的x，y。当创建一个对象，其参数值等于另外一个已经存在的对象且已经存在的对象在之后都没有用处时，可以调用移动函数将参数值赋给新对象，已经存在的对象的原参数值不再存在，这样能节省空间。

line 12 是析构函数，它在每个生命周期结束时会被调用，进行清理工作。

问题3：

不能

任务2：

源代码task2.cpp
Complex.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 3 
 4 class Complex{
 5     public:
 6         Complex(double r=0,double i=0);
 7         Complex(const Complex& c);
 8         
 9     public: 
10         static const std::string doc;
11     private:
12         double imag,real;
13         
14     public:
15         double get_real() const;
16         double get_imag() const;
17         Complex add(const Complex& c);
18         
19         friend Complex add(const Complex& c1,const Complex& c2);
20         friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1,const Complex& c2);
21         friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1,const Complex& c3);
22         friend double abs(const Complex& c);
23         friend void output(const Complex& c);
24         
25         ~Complex();
26 };

Complex.cpp

 1 #include"Complex.h"
 2 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 const string Complex::doc{"a simplified complex class"};
 7 
 8 Complex::Complex(double r,double i):real{r},imag{i}{
 9 }
10 
11 Complex::Complex(const Complex& c):real{c.real},imag{c.imag}{
12     
13 }
14 
15 
16 double Complex::get_real() const{
17     return real;
18 }
19 
20 double Complex::get_imag() const{
21     return imag;
22 }
23 
24 Complex Complex::add(const Complex &c){
25     real+=c.real;
26     imag+=c.imag;
27 }
28 
29 Complex add(const Complex& c1,const Complex& c2)
30 {
31     Complex c4;
32     c4.imag=c1.imag+c2.imag;
33     c4.real=c1.real+c2.real;
34     return c4;
35 }
36 bool is_equal(const Complex& c1,const Complex& c2){
37     if(c1.imag==c2.imag&&c1.real==c2.real)
38       return true;
39     else
40       return false; 
41 }
42 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c3){
43     if(c1.imag==c3.imag&&c1.real==c3.real)
44       return false;
45     else
46       return true;
47 }
48 double abs(const Complex &c)
49 {
50     double s;
51     s=sqrt(c.imag*c.imag+c.real*c.real);
52     return s;
53 }
54 void output(const Complex &c){
55     cout<<c.real;
56     if(c.imag>=0)  cout<<" + "<<c.imag<<"i"<<endl;
57     else cout<<" - "<<(-1)*c.imag<<"i"<<endl;
58 }
59 Complex::~Complex(){
60     
61 }

task2.cpp

 1 #include "Complex.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::boolalpha;
 7 
 8 void test() {
 9     cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
10     cout << Complex::doc << endl;
11 
12     cout << endl;
13 
14     cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
15     Complex c1;
16     Complex c2(3, -4);
17     const Complex c3(3.5);
18     Complex c4(c3);
19 
20     cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
21     cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
22     cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
23     cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
24     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
25 
26     cout << endl;
27 
28     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
29     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
30     c1.add(c2);
31     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
32     cout << boolalpha;
33     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
34     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
35     c4 = add(c2, c3);
36     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
37 }
38 
39 int main() {
40     test();
41 }

运行结果截图：

任务3：

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <complex>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 using std::boolalpha;
 7 using std::complex;
 8 
 9 void test() {
10     cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11     complex<double> c1;
12     complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13     const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14     complex<double> c4(c3);
15 
16     cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17     cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18     cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19     cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20     cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21     cout << endl;
22 
23     cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24     cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25     c1 += c2;
26     cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27     cout << boolalpha;
28     cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29     cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30     c4 = c2 + c3;
31     cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }

运行结果截屏：

分析代码中使用了标准库complex模板类提供的接口有：abs()函数，成员imag、real，以及+运算和！=、==判断。

问题1：

在输出时不再需要调用自己写的函数，直接调用标准库模板cout输出，同时也不再需要调用自己写的运算函数和判断函数，直接通过==、！=符号调用标准库直接判断，更加方便简洁。

问题2：

启发：可以学习掌握并且适当的使用标准库complex模板类，灵活掌握调用标准库complex模板类可以减少代码量，同时使代码更加简洁易懂。

任务4：

源代码task4.cpp

Fraction.cpp

  1 #include"Fraction.h"
  2 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
  3 using namespace std;
  4 
  5 const string Fraction::doc{"Fraction类 v 0.01版.目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算."};
  6 
  7 Fraction::Fraction(int x,int y):up{x},down{y}{
  8         int max;
  9         if(abs(up)>abs(down))
 10           max=abs(up);
 11         else
 12           max=abs(down);    
 13         int i=1;
 14         while(i<max)
 15         {
 16             i++;
 17             if(up%i==0&&down%i==0)
 18             {
 19                 up/=i;
 20                 down/=i;
 21                 i=1;
 22             }
 23         }
 24         //cout<<endl;
 25         //cout<<"* "<<up<<" "<<down<<endl;
 26 }
 27 
 28 Fraction::Fraction( Fraction &f):up{f.up},down{f.down}{
 29 }
 30 
 31 Fraction::~Fraction(){
 32 }
 33 
 34 int Fraction::get_up(){
 35     return up;
 36 }
 37 int Fraction::get_down(){
 38     return down;
 39 }
 40 
 41 Fraction Fraction::negative(){
 42     Fraction f4;
 43     f4.up=-up;
 44     f4.down=down;
 45     return f4;
 46 }
 47 
 48 void output( Fraction &f){
 49     if(f.down<0)
 50       cout<<"-"<<f.up<<"/"<<abs(f.down)<<endl;
 51     else
 52       if(f.down==1)
 53         cout<<f.up<<endl;
 54       else if(f.down==0)
 55         cout<<"分母不能为0"<<endl;
 56          else  
 57         cout<<f.up<<"/"<<f.down<<endl;
 58 }
 59 
 60 Fraction add( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2){
 61     Fraction f3;
 62     if(f1.up>0&&f1.down>0&&f2.up>0&&f2.down>0)
 63     {
 64         f3.up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
 65         f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
 66         int max;
 67         if(f3.up>f3.down)
 68           max=f3.up;
 69         else
 70           max=f3.down;
 71         int i=1;
 72         while(i<max)
 73         {
 74             i++;
 75             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
 76             {
 77                 f3.up/=i;
 78                 f3.down/=i;
 79                 i=1;
 80             }
 81         }
 82     }
 83     else if(f1.up*f1.down>0&&f2.up*f2.down>0){
 84         Fraction f11,f22;
 85         f11.up=abs(f1.up);
 86         f11.down=abs(f1.down);
 87         f22.up=abs(f2.up);
 88         f22.down=abs(f2.down);
 89         f3.up=f11.up*f22.down+f22.up*f11.down;
 90         f3.down=f11.down*f22.down;
 91         int max;
 92         if(f3.up>f3.down)
 93           max=f3.up;
 94         else
 95           max=f3.down;
 96         int i=1;
 97         while(i<max)
 98         {
 99             i++;
100             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
101             {
102                 f3.up/=i;
103                 f3.down/=i;
104                 i=1;
105             }
106         }
107         f3.up=-f3.up;
108     }
109     else if(f1.up*f1.down<0)
110     {
111         Fraction f11,f22;
112         f11.up=abs(f1.up); f11.down=abs(f1.down);
113         f3.down=f2.down*f11.down;
114         f3.up=f2.up*f11.down-f11.up*f2.down;
115         int max;
116         if(f3.up>f3.down)
117           max=f3.up;
118         else
119           max=f3.down;
120         int i=1;
121         while(i<max)
122         {
123             i++;
124             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
125             {
126                 f3.up/=i;
127                 f3.down/=i;
128                 i=1;
129             }
130         }
131     }
132     else{
133         Fraction f11,f22;
134         f22.up=abs(f2.up); f22.down=abs(f2.down);
135         f3.down=f22.down*f1.down;
136         f3.up=f1.up*f22.down-f22.up*f1.down;
137         int max;
138         if(f3.up>f3.down)
139           max=f3.up;
140         else
141           max=f3.down;
142         int i=1;
143         while(i<max)
144         {
145             i++;
146             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
147             {
148                 f3.up/=i;
149                 f3.down/=i;
150                 i=1;
151             }
152         }
153     }
154     return f3;
155 }
156 
157 Fraction sub( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2)
158 {
159     Fraction f3;
160     if(f1.up>0&&f1.down>0&&f2.up>0&&f2.down>0)
161     {
162         f3.up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
163         f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
164         int max;
165         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
166           max=abs(f3.up);
167         else
168           max=abs(f3.down);
169         int i=1;
170         while(i<max)
171         {
172             i++;
173             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
174             {
175                 f3.up/=i;
176                 f3.down/=i;
177                 i=1;
178             }
179         }
180     }
181     else if(f1.up*f1.down>0&&f2.up*f2.down>0){
182         Fraction f11,f22; 
183         f11.up=abs(f1.up);
184         f11.down=abs(f1.down);
185         f22.up=abs(f2.up);
186         f22.down=abs(f2.down);
187         f3.up=f11.up*f22.down-f22.up*f11.down;
188         f3.down=f11.down*f22.down;
189         int max;
190         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
191           max=abs(f3.up);
192         else
193           max=abs(f3.down);
194         int i=1;
195         while(i<max)
196         {
197             i++;
198             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
199             {
200                 f3.up/=i;
201                 f3.down/=i;
202                 i=1;
203             }
204         }
205         f3.up=-f3.up;
206     }
207     else if(f1.up*f1.down<0)
208     {
209         Fraction f11,f22;
210         f11.up=abs(f1.up); f11.down=abs(f1.down);
211         f3.down=f2.down*f11.down;
212         f3.up=-f11.up*f2.down-f2.up*f11.down;
213         int max;
214         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
215           max=abs(f3.up);
216         else
217           max=abs(f3.down);
218         int i=1;
219         while(i<max)
220         {
221             i++;
222             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
223             {
224                 f3.up/=i;
225                 f3.down/=i;
226                 i=1;
227             }
228         }
229     }
230     else{
231         Fraction f11,f22;
232         f22.up=abs(f2.up); f22.down=abs(f2.down);
233         f3.down=f22.down*f1.down;
234         f3.up=f1.up*f22.down+f22.up*f1.down;
235         int max;
236         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
237           max=abs(f3.up);
238         else
239           max=abs(f3.down);
240         int i=1;
241         while(i<max)
242         {
243             i++;
244             if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
245             {
246                 f3.up/=i;
247                 f3.down/=i;
248                 i=1;
249             }
250         }
251     }
252     return f3;
253 }
254 
255 Fraction mul( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2){
256     Fraction f3;
257     f3.up=f1.up*f2.up;
258 //    cout<<"*"<<f1.up<<" "<<f2.up<<" "<<f3.up;
259     f3.down=f1.down*f2.down;
260 //    cout<<"*"<<f1.down<<" "<<f2.down<<" "<<f3.down;
261         int max;
262         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
263           max=abs(f3.up);
264         else
265           max=abs(f3.down);
266     int i=1;
267     while(i<max)
268     {
269         i++;
270           if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
271           {
272             f3.up/=i;
273             f3.down/=i;
274             i=1;
275           }
276         
277     }
278     return f3;
279 }
280 
281 Fraction div( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2){
282     Fraction f3;
283     f3.up=f1.up*f2.down;
284     f3.down=f1.down*f2.up;
285         int max;
286         if(abs(f3.up)>abs(f3.down))
287           max=abs(f3.up);
288         else
289           max=abs(f3.down);
290     int i=1;
291     while(i<max)
292     {
293         i++;
294           if(f3.up%i==0&&f3.down%i==0)
295           {
296             f3.up/=i;
297             f3.down/=i;
298             i=1;
299           }
300         
301     }
302     return f3;
303 }

View Code

Fraction.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 3 
 4 class Fraction{
 5     public:
 6         Fraction(int x=1,int y=1);
 7         Fraction( Fraction &f);
 8         ~Fraction();
 9         
10     private:
11         int up,down;
12         
13     public:
14         static const std::string doc;
15     
16     public:
17         int get_up();
18         int get_down();
19         
20         Fraction negative();
21         
22         
23         friend void output( Fraction &f);
24         friend Fraction add( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
25         friend Fraction sub( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
26         friend Fraction mul( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
27         friend Fraction div( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
28     
29 };
30 void output( Fraction &f);
31 Fraction add( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
32 Fraction sub( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
33 Fraction mul( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);
34 Fraction div( Fraction &f1, Fraction &f2);

View Code

task4.cpp

 1 #include "Fraction.h"
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 
 4 using std::cout;
 5 using std::endl;
 6 
 7 
 8 void test1() {
 9     cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
10     cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
11 
12     Fraction f1(5);
13     Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
14     Fraction f4(f3);
15     cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
16     cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
17     cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
18     cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
19 
20     Fraction f5;
21     f5=f4.negative();
22     cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
23     cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
24 
25     Fraction f;
26     cout << "f1 + f2 = "; 
27     f=add(f1, f2); output(f); cout << endl;
28     cout << "f1 - f2 = "; 
29     f=sub(f1, f2); output(f); cout << endl;
30     cout << "f1 * f2 = "; 
31     f=mul(f1, f2); output(f); cout << endl;
32     cout << "f1 / f2 = "; 
33     f=div(f1, f2); output(f); cout << endl;
34     cout << "f4 + f5 = "; 
35     f=add(f4, f5); output(f); cout << endl;
36 }
37 
38 void test2() {
39     Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
40     cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
41     cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
42     cout << "f6 / f7 = "; 
43     Fraction f;
44     f=div(f6, f7); output(f); cout << endl;
45 }
46 
47 int main() {
48     cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
49     test1();
50 
51     cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
52     test2();
53 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

任务5：

源代码task5.cpp

account.h

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
 3 class SavingAccount{
 4     private:
 5         int id;
 6         double balance;
 7         double rate;
 8         int lastDate;
 9         double accumulation;
10         static double total;
11         void record(int date,double amount);
12         double accumulate(int date) const{
13             return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);
14         }
15     public:
16         SavingAccount (int date,int id,double rate);
17         int getID() const {return id;}
18         double getBalance() const {return balance;}
19         double getRate() const {return rate;}
20         static double getTotal() {return total;}
21         void deposit(int date,double amount);
22         void withdraw(int date,double amount);
23         void settle(int date);
24         void show() const;
25 };
26

View Code

account.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<cmath>
 3 #include<iostream>
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 double SavingAccount::total=0;
 7 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int date,int id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
 8        cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<" is created"<<endl;
 9        }
10 void SavingAccount::record(int date,double amount){
11     accumulation=accumulate(date);
12     lastDate=date;
13     amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
14     balance+=amount;
15     total+=amount;
16     cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl; 
17 }
18 void SavingAccount::deposit(int date,double amount){
19     record(date,amount);
20 }
21 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int data,double amount){
22     if(amount>getBalance())
23         cout<<"Error: not enough money"<<endl;
24     else
25         record(data,-amount);
26 }
27 void SavingAccount::settle(int date){
28     double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365;
29     if(interest!=0)
30       record(date,interest);
31     accumulation=0;
32 }
33 void SavingAccount::show() const{
34     cout<<"# "<<id<<"\tBalance: "<<balance;
35 }

View Code

5_11.cpp

 1 #include"account.h"
 2 #include<iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 int main(){
 5     SavingAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
 6     SavingAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
 7     
 8     sa0.deposit(5,5000);
 9     sa1.deposit(25,10000);
10     sa0.deposit(45,5500);
11     sa1.withdraw(60,4000);
12     
13     sa0.settle(90);
14     sa1.settle(90);
15     sa0.show(); cout<<endl;
16     sa1.show(); cout<<endl;
17     cout<<"Total: "<<SavingAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
18     return 0;
19 }

View Code

运行结果截图：

挺合理的，程序中固定不变的值和函数尽量用const保护起来，有效避免在程序中改变其值。

实验总结：

在编写代码的时候private和public需要清楚，不然在后续使用中权限会出现差错。

不需要改变的值和函数尽量用const保护起来，避免不小心的情况下的改变导致程序结果出错。

标准库在一定程度上可以简洁代码，减少代码量，可以去学习掌握，在必要时灵活使用。

posted on 2024-10-28 19:32 於泓瑾阅读(18) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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