Nginx-学习目录
1、基础
1.1、什么是location
1.2、location语法
Syntax: location [ = | ~ | ~* | ^~ ] uri { ... }
location @name { ... }
Default: —
Context: server, location
匹配符 匹配规则 优先级
= 精确匹配 1
^~ 以某个字符串开头 2
~ 区分大小写的正则匹配 3
~* 不区分大小写的正则匹配 4
/ 通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到 5
2、实战
2.1、location优先级语法-示例
2.1.1、配置nginx
cat >/etc/nginx/conf.d/location.cyc.com.conf <<'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name location.cyc.com;
location = / {
return 200 "location = /";
default_type text/html;
}
location / {
return 200 "location /";
default_type text/html;
}
location /documents/ {
return 200 "location /documents";
default_type text/html;
}
location ^~ /images/ {
return 200 "location ^~/images/";
default_type text/html;
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
return 200 "location (gif|jpg|jpeg)";
default_type text/html;
}
}
EOF
2.1.2、重新加载nginx
2.1.3、配置hosts
192.168.10.101 location.cyc.com
2.1.4、测试访问
]# curl http://location.cyc.com/
location = /
]# curl http://location.cyc.com/index.html
location /
]# curl http://location.cyc.com/documents/1.html
location /documents
]# curl http://location.cyc.com/images/1.jpeg
location ^~/images/
]# curl http://location.cyc.com/test/1.jpeg
location (gif|jpg|jpeg)
2.2、locaiton规则配置应用场景-示例
2.2.1、配置nginx
cat >/etc/nginx/conf.d/location.cyc.com.conf <<'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name location.cyc.com;
# 通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到
location / {
root html;
index index.html;
}
# 精准匹配,必须请求的uri是/nginx status
location = /nginx_status {
stub_status;
}
# 严格区分大小写，匹配以.php结尾的都走这个Location
location ~ \.php$ {
return 200 "php访问成功";
default_type text/html;
}
# 严格区分大小写，匹配以.jsp结尾的都走这个Location
location ~ \.jsp$ {
return 200 "jsp 访问成功";
default_type text/html;
}
# 不区分大小写匹配，只要用户访问.jpg,gif,png,js,css 都走这条Location
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|png|js|css)$ {
return 403;
}
# 不区分大小写匹配，禁止访问
location ~* \.(sql|bak|tgz|tar.gz|.git)$ {
deny all;
}
}
EOF
2.2.2、重新加载nginx
2.2.3、测试访问
]# curl location.cyc.com
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.24.0</center>
</body>
</html>
]# curl location.cyc.com/nginx_status
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
15 15 19
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0
]# curl location.cyc.com/test.php
php访问成功
]# curl location.cyc.com/test.jsp
jsp 访问成功
]# curl location.cyc.com/test/test.png -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.24.0
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2023 00:00:26 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 153
Connection: keep-alive
]# curl location.cyc.com/test/test.sql -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.24.0
Date: Thu, 27 Apr 2023 00:00:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 153
Connection: keep-alive
