Python之pprint 模块的使用

pprint 模块的作用

pprint模块包含 一个"格式化打印"，用于生成数据结构的一个美观视图。格式化工具会生成数据结构的一些表示，不仅能够由解释器正确的地解析，便于人阅读。输出会尽可能放在一行上，分解为多行时会缩进。

1、准备演示打印的数据

data = [
    (1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
    (2, {'e': 'E', 'f': 'F', 'g': 'G', 'h': 'H',
         'i': 'I', 'j': 'J', 'k': 'K', 'l': 'L'}),
    (3, ['m', 'n']),
    (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
    (5, ['r', 's', 't''u', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z']),
]

2、pprint与print打印比较

from pprint import pprint

from pprint_data import data

print('PRINT:')
print(data)
print()
print('PPRINT:')
pprint(data)

打印效果

PRINT:
[(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}), (2, {'e': 'E', 'f': 'F', 'g': 'G', 'h': 'H', 'i': 'I', 'j': 'J', 'k': 'K', 'l': 'L'}), (3, ['m', 'n']), (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']), 
(5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]

PPRINT:
[(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
 (2,
  {'e': 'E',
   'f': 'F',
   'g': 'G',
   'h': 'H',
   'i': 'I',
   'j': 'J',
   'k': 'K',
   'l': 'L'}),
 (3, ['m', 'n']),
 (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
 (5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]

3、格式化为字符串块，用于遍历打印

import logging
from pprint import pformat
from pprint_data import data

logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(levelname)-8s %(message)s',
)

logging.debug('Logging pformatted data')
formatted = pformat(data)
for line in formatted.splitlines():
    logging.debug(line.rstrip())

打印效果

DEBUG    Logging pformatted data
DEBUG    [(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
DEBUG     (2,
DEBUG      {'e': 'E',
DEBUG       'f': 'F',
DEBUG       'g': 'G',
DEBUG       'h': 'H',
DEBUG       'i': 'I',
DEBUG       'j': 'J',
DEBUG       'k': 'K',
DEBUG       'l': 'L'}),
DEBUG     (3, ['m', 'n']),
DEBUG     (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
DEBUG     (5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]

4、类定义格式化打印内置方法：__repr__()，使用pprint将调用该方法显示

from pprint import pprint


class node(object):

    def __init__(self, name, contents=[]):
        self.name = name
        self.contents = contents[:]

    def __repr__(self):
        return (
                'node(' + repr(self.name) + ', ' +
                repr(self.contents) + ')'
        )


trees = [
    node('node-1'),
    node('node-2', [node('node-2-1')]),
    node('node-3', [node('node-3-1')]),
]
pprint(trees)

 打印效果

[node('node-1', []),
 node('node-2', [node('node-2-1', [])]),
 node('node-3', [node('node-3-1', [])])]

5、列表嵌入本身自已的内存对象，将生成一个递归的内存对象Recursion

from pprint import pprint

local_data = ['a', 'b', 1, 2]
local_data.append(local_data)

print('id(local_data) =>', id(local_data))
pprint(local_data)

打印效果

id(local_data) => 2069064673416
['a', 'b', 1, 2, <Recursion on list with id=2069064673416>]

6、限制嵌套输出

from pprint import pprint

from pprint_data import data

pprint(data, depth=1)
pprint(data, depth=2)

 打印效果

[(...), (...), (...), (...), (...)]
[(1, {...}), (2, {...}), (3, [...]), (4, [...]), (5, [...])]

7、设置输出控制台的宽度

from pprint import pprint

from pprint_data import data

for width in [80, 5]:
    print('WIDTH =', width)
    pprint(data, width=width)
    print()

打印效果

WIDTH = 80
[(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
 (2,
  {'e': 'E',
   'f': 'F',
   'g': 'G',
   'h': 'H',
   'i': 'I',
   'j': 'J',
   'k': 'K',
   'l': 'L'}),
 (3, ['m', 'n']),
 (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
 (5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]

WIDTH = 5
[(1,
  {'a': 'A',
   'b': 'B',
   'c': 'C',
   'd': 'D'}),
 (2,
  {'e': 'E',
   'f': 'F',
   'g': 'G',
   'h': 'H',
   'i': 'I',
   'j': 'J',
   'k': 'K',
   'l': 'L'}),
 (3,
  ['m',
   'n']),
 (4,
  ['o',
   'p',
   'q']),
 (5,
  ['r',
   's',
   'tu',
   'v',
   'x',
   'y',
   'z'])]

8、compact标记告诉pprint()尝试在每一行上放置更多数据，而不是把复杂数据结构分解为多行

from pprint import pprint

from pprint_data import data

print('DEFAULT:')
pprint(data, compact=False)
print('\nCOMPACT:')
pprint(data, compact=True)

 

打印效果 

DEFAULT:
[(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
 (2,
  {'e': 'E',
   'f': 'F',
   'g': 'G',
   'h': 'H',
   'i': 'I',
   'j': 'J',
   'k': 'K',
   'l': 'L'}),
 (3, ['m', 'n']),
 (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
 (5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]

COMPACT:
[(1, {'a': 'A', 'b': 'B', 'c': 'C', 'd': 'D'}),
 (2,
  {'e': 'E',
   'f': 'F',
   'g': 'G',
   'h': 'H',
   'i': 'I',
   'j': 'J',
   'k': 'K',
   'l': 'L'}),
 (3, ['m', 'n']), (4, ['o', 'p', 'q']),
 (5, ['r', 's', 'tu', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z'])]