赖氏经典英语语法—介词2：in, on, to, with

5.in

在……之内， 如建筑物，空间，书，文件，公司	在房子里，in the house. 在公园里，in the park 在杂志里，in the magazine. 在这间公司里，in this company.
穿/戴着… be dressed in = wear… 身穿/戴着…… put on穿的动作。	who's the girl that is dressed in red？ who's the girl that is wearing a red dress？ 那个穿着红衣服的女孩是谁？ she put on her coat before going out. 他出门前穿上他的外套。
一段时间之后 = later， 一段时间之内 = within。	i'll be back in two minutes. = i'll be back two minutes later. I think I can finish the work in two minutes. = I think I can finish the work within two minutes.
以……(颜料，工具)	用墨水/铅笔写字， write the letter in ink/ pencil. = write the words with a pen = write the words with a pencil. 用粉笔写字， write the words in chalk. = write the words with a piece of chalk.
按……次序	按字母顺序，in alphabetical order. 将……整理好/整齐，keep… in order. keep your room in order before the guests come.
以……语言/声音 用中文写，write in chinese. 低声说话，speak in a low voice. 以尖刻的语调说话，talk in a bitter tone.	it's surprising that the foreigner can write in chinese. kate is speaking to her friends in a low voice. my mother's stared at tim and talked in a bitter tone. with a heavy japanese accent.带有浓重的日本口音。

6.on

表面接触	put the dishes on the dining table. there are two cats on the roof.
距离名词连用	go on a trip/journey, 去旅行。 go on an expedition 去探险/远征。 go on an excursion.(尤指团体)去远足
差遣名词连用	be on an errand 跑腿，办差事。 be on a mission 身负使命
约会名词连用	be on a date with sb.跟某人约会
饮食名词连用	be on a diet.节食
run, go 等名词连用，持续的动作 be on the run 到处流窜 be on the go = be busy.忙碌	the three wanted men have been on the run for six months. 那三名通缉犯已经逃亡六个月了。 my eldest sister is always on the go. 我大姐总是忙个不停。
平地、大陆名词连用	on/off campus, 在校内/校外。 on the mainland 在大陆。 on the farm/ranch.在农场/牧场上。 students should behave themselves even off campus. 学生即使在校外也应该守规矩。
线状/线条，名词连用	live on that street, 住在那条街上。 walk on the beach, 在海滩上散步。 on the coast, 在海岸上。 on the edge of, 在……的边缘 on the frontier 在边境
凭…靠… on foot.步行	do you go to school on foot every morning？
根据，遵照。 act on one's advice, 按照某人的建议行事。 act on one's order.遵照某人的命令行事。	i'll act on your advice and try to achieve the goal. don't ask too much. just act on my order.
无线电器材名词连用	steven is talking on the telephone. I saw your daughter preform on television last night. we heard the news on the radio this afternoon.
赞美，恭贺名词连用 congratulate sb on sth/doing. 因为……而恭贺某人	his family congratulated him on passing the exam.
与日子连用 on sunday on december 11.	in the morning/ afternoon/ evening. at night. morning/ afternoon/ evening与日子连用时，用on on the afternoon of august 11. on monday morning. on saturday night.
表请客	everything is on me. 一切我请客。
其他用法 on call 随时待命， on duty 值班/上班时间中。	the firefighters are on call for emergencies. the guard is on duty from 7 am to 9 pm.

7.to

到达，往… up to + 数词 多达…	go to the station turn to the right = turn right. be moved to tears感动的落泪 turn to the right at the next crossroads. = turn right at the next crossroads. he was moved to tears by the movie titanic. he makes up to ＄50000 per month.
对某人而言	be everything to sb 是某人的一切。 her children are everything to her.
固定用法，表针对	the key to success.成功的关键 the answer to the question 问题的答案 the solution to the problem 解决问题的方法
附加	the amendment to the constitution.宪法修正案
to one's + 情绪名词，令某人…	to one's surprise. to one's joy. to one's satisfaction. to one's dismay.令人沮丧的是… to one's astonishment.令人惊奇的是… 就某人所知，to my understanding /knowledge.
表配合(音乐，曲调，节拍…)	随着音乐跳舞，dance to the music. 随着旋律跳舞，dance to the melody. 与某人跳舞，dance with sb.
be up to + 事 从事某事…… 令人怀疑或不好的事儿	what are you up to？你在搞什么鬼？ it's up to sb 由某人决定

8.with

使用(某物)	cut it with a knife 用刀切它 do it with care 以谨慎的心做这件事
与"人"连用，表跟随(某人)，和(某人)	do it with me 跟我一起做这件事儿。 come with me 跟我来。
放于句首，有…随着…	with your help, I have nothing to worry about. with the passing of time, he's getting older. 不放句首也行，有…随着… a girl with big eyes. rise with the sun.随着太阳升起而起床
复合结构 with + 宾 + adj/分词/副词/介词短语	he was talking to me with a pipe in his mouth.介词短语可省略 he was talking to me pipe in mouth. 当时他嘴里含着烟的跟我说话
"疾病"名词连用	with + 疾病 因患某种疾病而病倒了 be ill with + 疾病 生了某种疾病 come down with + 疾病 患了/得了某疾病 be infected with + 疾病 = contract + 疾病 感染某疾病 be attacked with + 疾病 因某疾病而病倒了。 many students in the class were infected with the flu.
因为，与what连用	what with his laziness and illness, he was fired. 一方面因为懒惰，一方面因为生病，所以他被开除了
其他用法： 将某物留给某人 leave sth with sb. 将a与b作比较 compare a with b. 受某人欢迎 be popular with sb. 某人出了差错 be wrong with sb. = be the matter with sb.	her parents left a fortune with him after they died. 他的父母死后留给他一笔财富。 most parents like to compare their kids with other kids. 大多数的父母喜欢拿他们的孩子和别的孩子比较。 the humorous professor is popular with his students. 这位幽默的教授，很受他学生的欢迎。 something's wrong with her. 他有点不对劲。 what's the matter with you? 你怎么了？