赖氏经典英语语法—介词1：at, by, for, from

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第29期——介词

1.at

at + 建筑物(之内或之外) at the post office/station /bank， 在邮局/车站/银行(之内或之外)	in + 城市/国家 in the city /my hometown/the united states in the post office/station /bank，强调在里面
at + 人 近距离朝向	yell/shout at sb, 对某人吼叫咆哮 laugh at sb, 嘲笑某人 point at sb，指着某人 指着远处的， point to
从事某活动	be at work, 上班做事 be at church, 做礼拜 be at school上学 be at rest，休息
和度数/程度/价格/年龄等数词有关的名词连用	以……的价格at the price /cost /expense of ￡450 在……的岁数at the age of 18 以……的速度 at the speed of 28 miles an hour

2.by

在……旁边=beside	在窗边，by the window 在门边，by the door 在我旁边，by my side.
凭借	judge a by b. 凭借b判断a。 tell a by b. don't judge a person by his or her looks. 不要以貌取人。 I can tell by his action that he is a naughty boy. 从他的行为，我可以判断他是一个调皮的男孩。
与"抓"相关的动词连用，"借由"	catch/ grab /grasp/ hold /seize/ take sb by the 身体部位/衣服部分. 抓住某人的……只能用the，不能所有格his I caught him by the hand.
经过	pass/drive/ walk by my house.
表"差距"	she is older than I by five years. we beat the other team by two points.
表"按照"	they sell eggs by the dozen. 他们论打卖鸡蛋。 it's five twenty by my watch. 我的表现在是5:20。
表"取道"	we went to beijing by way of hong kong. 我们前往北京，途经香港。
乘坐(交通工具)	come back by bus/ train/ ship/ air/ bicycle/ motorcycle. on foot.走路
被……(被动语态中)	he was killed by a car.
通过……(主动语态中)	he succeeded by working hard. the old woman makes a living by selling fruit.
by + 时间 最迟不超过	come back by ten. come back no later than ten. 十点以前要回来。

3.for

"动身v"连用，前往某地 动身前往某地，set out/set off/depart for + 地点 朝某地前进，head for/to 离开a地前往b地，leave a for b.	she set out for american last night. we head for/ to the pub after the movie. he left a australia for new zealand yesterday.
为……的目的 do it for you for the sake of	he does everything for the sake of money. 他做每件事都是为了钱。
表赞成 be for sth be in favor of sth.	are you for his idea? are you in favor of his idea? 你赞成他的想法吗？
为了……的原因	reward sth for sth. the villagers rewarded him for saving the girl.
当做…… use a for b.把a当作b使用。 take a for b.误把a当作b。	the natives use some insects for food. I took john for a girl because he wears long hair.
找寻……	be hard pressed for time 时间不够用(而需找寻时间) look for…
持续(一段时间)	I have learned japanese for three years. I haven't seen john for a long time/ for ages.
对于某人来说	it's necessary for you to study english. it's very kind of you to help me. 表人之本性或气质(kind, cruel, stupid)用of
开往(某地)(的交通工具)	the flight for chicago will depart at two thirty.
以……的价格	I bought the book for only 10 dollars.

4.from

从…… from a to b from beijing to hong kong from what he said go from bad to worse.每况愈下。	I couldn't figure out what he meant from his words. be made from由…做的(成品不能还原成原料。) be made of.由…做的(制成的成品及原料本质不变) this wine is made from grapes. this table is made of wood.
表戒除	refrain from doing. 戒除/控制… he couldn't refrain from laughing. he couldn't help laughing.
与"禁止,阻止,保护v"连用，免于…… ban/ prohibit/ restrict/ restrain sb from doing.禁止某人(做)… prevent/ stop/ keep sb from doing. 阻止某人(做)… protect sb from doing. 保护某人免于… forbid sb to do.禁止某人(做)…	he was prohibited from smoking in the lobby. the woman came in time to prevent her son from killing himself. the prince protected the princess from being attacked by the bandit. our teacher forbids us to bring comic books to school.