Java 网络编程(二)

   以下例开始本文的内容:   

   例1,需求:上传图片。

   客户端:

  1. 服务端点。
  2. 读取客户端已有的图片数据。
  3. 通过socket输出流将数据发给服务端。
  4. 读取服务端反馈信息。
  5. 关闭。   
class PicClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        /*
         * 一系列判断
         */
        if(args.length != 1) {
            System.out.println("请选择一个jpg格式的图片");
            return;
        }
        File file = new File(args[0]);
        if(!(file.exists() && file.isFile())) {
            System.out.println("该文件有问题,要么不存在,要么不是文件");
            return;
        }
        if(!file.getName().endsWith(".jpg")) {
            System.out.println("图片格式错误,请重新选择");
            return;
        }
        if(file.length() > 1024*1024*10) {
            System.out.println("文件过大,没安好心");
            return;
        }
        
        
        Socket s = new Socket("10.48.62.209", 10007);
        
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
        
        OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
            out.write(buf, 0, len);
        }
        
        //告诉服务端数据已写完
        s.shutdownOutput();
        
        InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
        byte[] bufIn = new byte[1024];
        int num = in.read(bufIn);
        System.out.println(new String(bufIn, 0, num));
        fis.close();
        s.close();
    }
}

   服务端:

   这个服务端有个局限性,当A客户端连接上以后,被服务端获取到,服务端执行具体流程。这时B客户端连接,只有等待,因为服务端还没有处理完A客户端的请求,还没有循环回来执行下一次accpet()方法,所以暂时获取不到B客户端对象。

   那么为了可以让多个客户端同时并发访问服务端,服务端最好就是将每个客户端封装到一个单独的线程中,这样就可以同时处理多个客户端请求。

   那么如何定义线程呢?

   只要明确了每一个客户端在服务端执行的代码即可。将该代码存入run()方法中。

class PicThread implements Runnable {
    private Socket s;
    PicThread(Socket s) {
        this.s = s;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int count = 1;
        String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
        try {
            
            System.out.println(ip+"......connected.");
        
            
            InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
            
            File file = new File(ip+"("+(count)+")"+".jpg");//10.48.62.209(1).jpg
            while(file.exists()) {
                file = new File(ip+"("+(count++)+")"+".jpg");
            }
            
            
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
            
            
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buf, 0, len);
            }
            OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();
            out.write("上传成功".getBytes());
            fos.close();
            s.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ip+"上传失败");
        }
    }
    
}
class PicServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10007);
        while(true) {
            Socket s = ss.accept();
            
            new Thread(new PicThread(s)).start();
        }
        //ss.close();
    }
    
}

   我觉得多线程是比较难理解的,所以图示以上原理:

   

   例2,客户端通过键盘录入用户名。服务端对这个用户名进行校验。如果该用户存在,在服务端显示XXX,已登录。并在客户端显示XXX,欢迎光临。如果该用户不存在,在服务端显示XXX,尝试登录。并在客户端显示XXX,该用户不存在。最多就登录3次。

   以下为代码,导包就不导了。

   客户端:

class LoginClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket s = new Socket("10.48.62.209", 10008);
        
        BufferedReader bufr = 
                new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
        
        BufferedReader bufIn = 
                new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
        
        for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
            /*
             * 在键盘敲Ctrl+C键,即代表结束录入
             * read()方法返回-1,readLine()方法返回null
             */
            String line = bufr.readLine();//Ctrl+C,那么就是-1,readLine()返回null
            if(line == null) 
                break;
            out.println(line);
            String info = bufIn.readLine();
            System.out.println("info:"+info);
            if(info.contains("欢迎"))
                break;
        }
        bufr.close();
        s.close();//socket流中加了一个-1,相当于给流中加入一个结束标记,即-1
    }
}

   服务端:

class UserThread implements Runnable {
    private Socket s;
    UserThread(Socket s) {
        this.s = s;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        String ip = s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress();
        System.out.println(ip+"........connected.");
        try {
            for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++) {
                BufferedReader bufIn = new BufferedReader(
                        new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
                /*
                 * 客户端那边敲入Ctrl+C键键时,
                 * read()返回-1,readLine()返回null。
                 * 所以name得加一个判断
                 */
                String name = bufIn.readLine();
                if(name == null) 
                    break;
                
                /*
                 * 校验
                 */
                BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("user.txt"));
                
                PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
                
                String line = null;
                
                boolean flag = false;//定义标记
                while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
                    if(line.equals(name)) {
                        flag = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(flag) {
                    System.out.println(name+",已登录");
                    out.println(name+",欢迎光临");
                    break;
                } else {
                    System.out.println(name+"尝试登录");
                    out.println(name+",用户名不存在");
                }
            }
            s.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ip+"校验失败");
        }
    }
    
}
class LoginServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(10008);
        while(true) {
            Socket s = ss.accept();
            new Thread(new UserThread(s)).start();
        }
    }
    
}

   

   演示客户端和服务端

   1、

   客户端:浏览器、telnet(远程登录命令——在DOS命令行下连接网络上任意一台主机)

   形如:

telnet 10.48.62.209 11000

   示例代码:

public class ServerDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(11000);
        
        Socket s = ss.accept();
        System.out.println(s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
        
        InputStream in = s.getInputStream();
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len = in.read(buf);
        System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len));
        
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
        out.println("<font color='red' size='7'>Client, hello!!!</font>");
        s.close();
        ss.close();
    }

}

   控制台输出类似诸如以下信息(头信息):

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:11000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

   分析如下:

http(http协议)://127.0.0.1(主机名):11000(端口号)/myWeb(资源路径)/demo.html(资源)
Host: 127.0.0.1:11000
Connection: keep-alive
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*(代表可接受任意类型的东东);q=0.8
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36
Accept-Encoding: gzip(告诉服务器的压缩方式), deflate, sdch
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

   2、

   客户端:浏览器。

   服务器:Tomcat服务器。

   3、

   客户端:自定义。

   服务器:Tomcat服务器。

   示例代码:

public class MyIE {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
        
        out.println("GET /myWeb/demo.html HTTP/1.1");
        out.println("Accept: */*");
        out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        out.println("Host: 127.0.0.1:11000");
        out.println("Connection: closed");
        /*
         * 注意:HTML头信息和主体信息之间一定要有一个空行
         * 为了保证安全,所以索性加了两行
         */
        out.println();
        out.println();
        
        BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
        String line = null;
        while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        s.close();
    }

}

   控制台会打印类似信息:

   自定义图形界面浏览器

   代码如下(导包就不导了):

public class MyIEByGUI {
    
    private Frame f;
    private TextField tf;
    private Button but;
    private TextArea ta;
    
    private Dialog d;
    private Label lab;
    private Button okBut; 
    
    MyIEByGUI() {
        init();
    }
    
    public void init() {
        f = new Frame("my window");
        f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        
        tf = new TextField(60);
        
        but = new Button("转到");
        
        ta = new TextArea(25, 70);
        
        /*
         * 对话框,也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去
         */
        d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true);//true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!
        d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);
        d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        lab = new Label();
        okBut = new Button("确定");
        
        d.add(lab);
        d.add(okBut);
        
        f.add(tf);
        f.add(but);
        f.add(ta);
        
        myEvent();
        f.setVisible(true);
        
    }
    
    private void myEvent() {
        //点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来
        okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                d.setVisible(false);
            }
        });
        /*
         * 关闭对话框,对话框不显示
         */
        d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                d.setVisible(false);
            }
        });
        
        tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
                    try {
                        showDir();
                    } catch (IOException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            
        });
        
        /*
         * 按钮是事件源
         */
        but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                try {
                    showDir();
                } catch (IOException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
            
            
        });
    }
    
    private void showDir() throws IOException {
        ta.setText("");
        /*
         * http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html
         * 以下代码只不过是拆解url字符串路径而已
         */
        String url = tf.getText();
        
        int index1 = url.indexOf("//")+2;
        
        int index2 = url.indexOf("/", index1);
        
        String str = url.substring(index1, index2);
        String[] arr = str.split(":");
        String host = arr[0];
        int port = Integer.parseInt(arr[1]);
        
        String path = url.substring(index2);
        //ta.setText(str+"....."+path);
        
        Socket s = new Socket(host, port);
        
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream(), true);
        
        out.println("GET "+path+" HTTP/1.1");
        out.println("Accept: */*");
        out.println("Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8");
        out.println("Host: 127.0.0.1:11000");
        out.println("Connection: closed");
        out.println();
        out.println();
        
        BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
        String line = null;
        while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null) {
            ta.append(line+"\r\n");
        }
        s.close();
        
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyIEByGUI();
    }

}

   运行效果图:

 

   URL 

   示例代码:

/*
String getFile() 
          获取此 URL 的文件名。 
String getHost() 
          获取此 URL 的主机名(如果适用)。 
String getPath() 
          获取此 URL 的路径部分。 
int getPort() 
          获取此 URL 的端口号。 
String getProtocol() 
          获取此 URL 的协议名称。 
String getQuery() 
          获取此 URL 的查询部分。 
*/
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30");
        
        System.out.println("getProtocol():"+url.getProtocol());//http
        System.out.println("getHost():"+url.getHost());//127.0.0.1
        System.out.println("getPort():"+url.getPort());
        System.out.println("getPath():"+url.getPath());//---/myWeb/demo.html
        System.out.println("getFile():"+url.getFile());//---/myWeb/demo.html?name=haha&age=30
        System.out.println("getQuery():"+url.getQuery());//name=haha&age=30
        
        /*
        不写端口时,给一个默认的端口号80
        int port = getPort();
        if(port == -1) 
            port = 80;
        */
    }

}

   URLConnection(似乎封装了Socket)

   示例代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class URLConnectionDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html");
        URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
        System.out.println(conn);
        
        InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
        
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        
        int len = in.read(buf);
        
        System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, len));
        
    }

}

   所以自定义图形界面浏览器代码优化之后为:

public class MyIEByGUI2 {
    
    private Frame f;
    private TextField tf;
    private Button but;
    private TextArea ta;
    
    private Dialog d;
    private Label lab;
    private Button okBut; 
    
    MyIEByGUI2() {
        init();
    }
    
    public void init() {
        f = new Frame("my window");
        f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);
        f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        
        tf = new TextField(60);
        
        but = new Button("转到");
        
        ta = new TextArea(25, 70);
        
        /*
         * 对话框,也是一个窗体,最好不要加到Frame里面去
         */
        d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true);//true:对话框不处理掉,后面的窗体是无法操作的!!
        d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);
        d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        lab = new Label();
        okBut = new Button("确定");
        
        d.add(lab);
        d.add(okBut);
        
        f.add(tf);
        f.add(but);
        f.add(ta);
        
        myEvent();
        f.setVisible(true);
        
    }
    
    private void myEvent() {
        //点击对话框中的确定按钮,对话框也不显示出来
        okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                d.setVisible(false);
            }
        });
        /*
         * 关闭对话框,对话框不显示
         */
        d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                d.setVisible(false);
            }
        });
        
        tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
                    try {
                        showDir();
                    } catch (IOException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
            
        });
        
        /*
         * 按钮是事件源
         */
        but.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                try {
                    showDir();
                } catch (IOException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        
        f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
            
            
        });
    }
    
    private void showDir() throws IOException {
        ta.setText("");
        /*
         * http://127.0.0.1:8888/myWeb/demo.html
         */
        String urlPath = tf.getText();
        
        URL url = new URL(urlPath);
        URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
        //System.out.println(conn);
        
        InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
        
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        
        int len = in.read(buf);
        
        ta.setText(new String(buf, 0, len));
        
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyIEByGUI2();
    }

}

   图示原理:

   域名解析

   

 

posted @ 2016-03-17 20:21  叶十一少  阅读(228)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报