Redis客户端API操作 Jedis详解
redis是一个著名的key-value存储系统,也是nosql中的最常见的一种。其实,个人认为,redis最强大的地方不在于其存储,而在于其强大的缓存作用。
我们可以把它想象成一个巨大的(多借点集群,聚合多借点的内存)的Map,也就是Key-Value。
所以,我们可以把它做成缓存组件。
官方推荐的java版客户端是jedis,非常强大和稳定,支持事务、管道及有jedis自身实现。我们对redis数据的操作,都可以通过jedis来完成。
更多redis的概念,请参考:Redis集群(Redis3.0)
那我们就来看一看,jedis不同的调用方式:
(1)普通同步方式
这是一种最简单和最基础的调用方式,对于简单的数据存取需求,我们可以通过这种方式调用。
public void jedisNormal() { Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = jedis.set("n" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Simple SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); jedis.disconnect(); } //每次set之后都可以返回结果,标记是否成功。
(2)事务方式(Transactions)
所谓事务,即一个连续操作,是否执行是一个事务,要么完成,要么失败,没有中间状态。
而redis的事务很简单,他主要目的是保障,一个client发起的事务中的命令可以连续的执行,而中间不会插入其他client的命令,也就是事务的连贯性。
public void jedisTrans() { Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Transaction tx = jedis.multi(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { tx.set("t" + i, "t" + i); } List<Object> results = tx.exec(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Transaction SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); jedis.disconnect(); } //我们调用jedis.watch(…)方法来监控key,如果调用后key值发生变化,则整个事务会执行失败。另外,事务中某个操作失败,并不会回滚其他操作。这一点需要注意。还有,我们可以使用discard()方法来取消事务。
(3)管道(Pipelining)
管道是一种两个进程之间单向通信的机制。
那再redis中,为何要使用管道呢?有时候,我们需要采用异步的方式,一次发送多个指令,并且,不同步等待其返回结果。这样可以取得非常好的执行效率。
public void jedisPipelined() { Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" + i); } List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); jedis.disconnect(); }
(4)管道中调用事务
对于,事务以及管道,这两个概念我们都清楚了。
在某种需求下,我们需要异步执行命令,但是,又希望多个命令是有连续的,所以,我们就采用管道加事务的调用方式。jedis是支持在管道中调用事务的。
public void jedisCombPipelineTrans() { jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined(); pipeline.multi(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("" + i, "" + i); } pipeline.exec(); List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined transaction: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); jedis.disconnect(); } //效率上可能会有所欠缺
(5)分布式直连同步调用
这个是分布式直接连接,并且是同步调用,每步执行都返回执行结果。类似地,还有异步管道调用。
其实就是分片。
public void jedisShardNormal() { List<JedisShardInfo> shards = Arrays.asList( new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379), new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6380)); ShardedJedis sharding = new ShardedJedis(shards); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = sharding.set("sn" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Simple@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); sharding.disconnect(); }
(6)分布式直连异步调用
public void jedisShardpipelined() { List<JedisShardInfo> shards = Arrays.asList( new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379), new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6380)); ShardedJedis sharding = new ShardedJedis(shards); ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline = sharding.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("sp" + i, "p" + i); } List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); sharding.disconnect(); }
(7)分布式连接池同步调用
如果,你的分布式调用代码是运行在线程中,那么上面两个直连调用方式就不合适了,因为直连方式是非线程安全的,这个时候,你就必须选择连接池调用。
连接池的调用方式,适合大规模的redis集群,并且多客户端的操作。
public void jedisShardSimplePool() { List<JedisShardInfo> shards = Arrays.asList( new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379), new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6380)); ShardedJedisPool pool = new ShardedJedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), shards); ShardedJedis one = pool.getResource(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = one.set("spn" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); pool.returnResource(one); System.out.println("Simple@Pool SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); pool.destroy(); }
(8)分布式连接池异步调用
public void jedisShardPipelinedPool() { List<JedisShardInfo> shards = Arrays.asList( new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379), new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6380)); ShardedJedisPool pool = new ShardedJedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), shards); ShardedJedis one = pool.getResource(); ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline = one.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("sppn" + i, "n" + i); } List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); pool.returnResource(one); System.out.println("Pipelined@Pool SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); pool.destroy(); }
(9)需要注意的地方
事务和管道都是异步模式。在事务和管道中不能同步查询结果。比如下面两个调用,都是不允许的:
Transaction tx = jedis.multi(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { tx.set("t" + i, "t" + i); } System.out.println(tx.get("t1000").get()); //不允许 List<Object> results = tx.exec(); … … Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" + i); } System.out.println(pipeline.get("p1000").get()); //不允许 List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll();
事务和管道都是异步的,个人感觉,在管道中再进行事务调用,没有必要,不如直接进行事务模式。
分布式中,连接池的性能比直连的性能略好(见后续测试部分)。
分布式调用中不支持事务。
因为事务是在服务器端实现,而在分布式中,每批次的调用对象都可能访问不同的机器,所以,没法进行事务。
(10)总结
分布式中,连接池方式调用不但线程安全外,根据上面的测试数据,也可以看出连接池比直连的效率更好。
经测试分布式中用到的机器越多,调用会越慢。
(11)完整的测试代码
package com.blogchong.example.nosqlclient; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import org.junit.AfterClass; import org.junit.BeforeClass; import org.junit.Test; import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisShardInfo; import redis.clients.jedis.Pipeline; import redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedis; import redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPipeline; import redis.clients.jedis.ShardedJedisPool; import redis.clients.jedis.Transaction; import org.junit.FixMethodOrder; import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters; /** * @Description: jedis的8种调用方式 */ @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING) public class TestJedis { private static Jedis jedis; private static ShardedJedis sharding; private static ShardedJedisPool pool; @BeforeClass public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception { List<JedisShardInfo> shards = Arrays.asList( new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379), new JedisShardInfo("localhost", 6379)); //使用相同的ip:port,仅作测试 jedis = new Jedis("localhost"); sharding = new ShardedJedis(shards); pool = new ShardedJedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), shards); } @AfterClass public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception { jedis.disconnect(); sharding.disconnect(); pool.destroy(); } @Test public void jedisNormal() { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = jedis.set("n" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Simple SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisTrans() { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Transaction tx = jedis.multi(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { tx.set("t" + i, "t" + i); } //System.out.println(tx.get("t1000").get()); List<Object> results = tx.exec(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Transaction SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisPipelined() { Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("p" + i, "p" + i); } //System.out.println(pipeline.get("p1000").get()); List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisCombPipelineTrans() { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Pipeline pipeline = jedis.pipelined(); pipeline.multi(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("" + i, "" + i); } pipeline.exec(); List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined transaction: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisShardNormal() { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = sharding.set("sn" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Simple@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisShardpipelined() { ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline = sharding.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("sp" + i, "p" + i); } List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Pipelined@Sharing SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisShardSimplePool() { ShardedJedis one = pool.getResource(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { String result = one.set("spn" + i, "n" + i); } long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); pool.returnResource(one); System.out.println("Simple@Pool SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } @Test public void jedisShardPipelinedPool() { ShardedJedis one = pool.getResource(); ShardedJedisPipeline pipeline = one.pipelined(); long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { pipeline.set("sppn" + i, "n" + i); } List<Object> results = pipeline.syncAndReturnAll(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); pool.returnResource(one); System.out.println("Pipelined@Pool SET: " + ((end - start) / 1000.0) + " seconds"); } }
参考修改自:http://www.blogways.net/blog/2013/06/02/jedis-demo.html