用好printf和scanf
转载自:http://hi.baidu.com/wuxicn/item/f648fe1970f86917e3f98682
在C中,printf系列函数(fprintf, sprintf...)和scanf(fscanf, sscanf...)函数功能很强大,用好了的话,很多字符操作都可以很简单,甚至一些简单的正则匹配的工作也可以用scanf来完成,下面是几个例子。
1. printf:
a) 前导“0”:printf("%05d", n); // n=10, print:
"00010"
b) 左对齐:printf("%-5d|%5d",
n, n); // print: "10 | 10"
c) 自动类型前缀:printf("%#x",
n); // print: "0xa"
d) 指定宽度:printf("%*d",
w, n); // w=5, print: " 10"
printf("%*.*lf",
5, 1, f); // f=123.45, print: "123.5"
e) 取得输出长度: printf("%d%n",
n, &len); // print: "10" and len=2,
%n must be at the end of the formatting string
2. scanf:
// s="Used with 12,4.5|0x123 specifiers_the\n value.";
a) 基本用法:sscanf(s, "%s %s %d,%f|%x", s1, s2,
&a, &f, &b); // s1="Used"; s2="with"; a=12; f=4.5; b=0x123
b) 跳过一些结果:sscanf(s, "%*s
%s", s1); // %*s reads "Used" and ignores it. s1="with"
c) 限定长度:sscanf(s, "%10s",
buf); // read at most 10 chars into buf.
d) 简单的正则匹配:sscanf(s, "%[a-z]",
buf); // buf="with" not "Used"!
sscanf(s, "%3c",
buf); // buf="Use"
e) 读入一整行: sscanf(s, "%[^\n]",
buf); // buf="Used with 12,4.5|0x123 specifiers_the"