mysql8.0环境搭建linux
本文主要介绍如何在linux环境（64位）下搭建mysql8.0的数据库环境
1、到指定目录下下载安装包
[root@minio3 ~]# cd /usr/local/src [root@minio3 src]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
或者：
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（3）搜索：mysql8.0 linux安装包
获得安装包
2、解压mysql8, 通过xz命令解压出tar包(这里时间可能会久一点根据服务器性能决定请耐心等待) 然后通过tar命令解压出文件夹
[root@minio3 src]# xz -d mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz [root@minio3 src]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
3、将/usr/local/src下的mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64文件夹内容移动到/usr/local/mysql下
[root@minio3 local]# cd /usr/local [root@minio3 local]# mkdir mysql [root@minio3 local]# cd /usr/local/src [root@minio3 src]# mv /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql [root@minio3 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql
4、创建用户组及用户和密码并授权
[root@minio3 mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@minio3 mysql]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@minio3 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
5、编辑my.cnf文件
[root@minio3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
清空默认的配置将如下内容复制到配置文件中
[mysqld]
user=root
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
port=3306
max_connections=200
max_connect_errors=10
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
lower_case_table_names=1
group_concat_max_len=102400
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8
6、初始化基础信息，最后一行后面会有个随机的初始密码保存下来一会登录要用(如果忘记了就删掉data重新初始化)
[root@minio3 mysql]# cd bin [root@minio3 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize 2022-04-27T08:57:45.274724Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.20) initializing of server in progress as process 150492 2022-04-27T08:57:45.277480Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3, but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous. 2022-04-27T08:57:45.291420Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2022-04-27T08:57:46.124824Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2022-04-27T08:57:47.882182Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: OLOkz_e)c8Jw 注意上面最后一行生成的默认密码：OLOkz_e)c8Jw 后面登录要用
7、添加mysqld服务到系统，授权以及添加服务
[root@minio3 bin]# cd .. [root@minio3 mysql]# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql [root@minio3 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql [root@minio3 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
8、启动mysql
注：任何路径都可以 [root@minio3 opt]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/minio3.err'. . SUCCESS!
9、将mysql添加到命令服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
10、登录mysql
注：输入第6步中生成的初始密码 [root@minio3 opt]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.20
11、更改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'pass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
12、更改root连接权限，创建数据库devdb
mysql> use mysql mysql> create database devdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) --查看数据 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | devdb | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) --查看数据库版本 mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 8.0.20 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) --查看数据库字符集 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
13、退出数据库
mysql> exit; Bye
14、再次登录数据库
注：要输入修改后的密码，此时已经可以用客户端工具连接mysql数据库 [root@minio3 opt]# mysql -uroot -ppass; mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 11 Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
15、创建用户并赋权
#进入到mysql.db mysql> use mysql; Database changed #查看当前的用户以及可访问的地址还有授权能力 mysql> select user,host,grant_priv from user; +------------------+-----------+------------+ | user | host | grant_priv | +------------------+-----------+------------+ | root | % | Y | | mysql.infoschema | localhost | N | | mysql.session | localhost | N | | mysql.sys | localhost | N | +------------------+-----------+------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) #如果root用户无授权能力（grant_priv = 'N'），则可以开起来 update mysql.user set Grant_priv='Y' where user='root'; #创建用户，最后的参数是密码。‘localhost’表示只能本机登录，也可以设置你期望的登录ip，不设置的话默认是‘%’，也就是都可以登录 mysql> create user 'testuser'@'%' identified by 'testpwd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #给新用户授权，这里授予的权限是只能操作一个数据库（数据库名为：testdb，把数据库名变成 *.* 就是给所有数据库的权限） #如果root用户只允许localhost登录，而这里授权的时候又给用户授予不管任何地址都可以登录的能力，则会报无权限的错。 #此时需要把root用户也改成‘%’的登录限制才行.也就是说，授权者的可登录源ip范围应该 ≥ 被授权者的可登录源ip范围 #grant all privileges on happy_db.* to 'testdb'@'localhost'; mysql> grant all privileges on testdb.* to 'testuser'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #删除对应的用户 drop user testuser;
如果启动时工程报错：Fatal error occurred in the transaction branch-check your data for consistency
解决：
mysql> GRANT XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;
补充：
查看数据库默认字符集
mysql> show create database mytestdb;
修改数据库默认字符集
mysql> alter database mytestdb charset utf8mb4;
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