三、docker容器的常用命令
系列导航
root@node03 ~]# docker container
Usage: docker container COMMAND
Manage containers
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
inspect Display detailed information on one or more containers
kill Kill one or more running containers
logs Fetch the logs of a container
ls List containers
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
prune Remove all stopped containers
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
run Run a command in a new container
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
1、运行容器docker run
$ docker run --name nginx-test -p 8081:80 -d nginx
参数说明：
- --name nginx-test：容器名称。
- -p 8081:80： 端口进行映射，将本地 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口。
- -d nginx： 设置容器在在后台一直运行。
docker run -it –name centos6 centos:6.9 /bin/bash
-it :分配交互式的终端
-name :指定容器的名字
/bin/sh : 覆盖容器的初始命令
运行容器指定名称
不指定名称容器名称是任意的
2、查看容器的列表 docker ps
（1）只看正在运行的容器
[root@node01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24defbb5755b nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 19 hours ago Up 19 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp nginx-test1
字段解释：
CONTAINER ID ：容器id
IMAGE：镜像名称
COMMAND：启动容器时启动的命令
CREATED：创建了多长时间
STATUS：最后一次启动后运行了多久
PORTS：端口占用和映射情况
NAMES：容器名称
（2）查看所有的容器
[root@node01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24defbb5755b nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 19 hours ago Up 19 hours 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp nginx-test1
6d28826ceacc nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 19 hours ago Created nginx-test
查看最后一个运行的容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps -a -l
3、启动容器进入容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9dc5421ea021 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 7 weeks ago reverent_lamport
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Exited (0) 8 weeks ago blissful_lewin
[root@node03 ~]# docker start 7cb788123876
7cb788123876
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Up 9 seconds blissful_lewin
[root@node03 ~]# docker run -it --name ubuntu_yc ubuntu:15.10
root@cde36937797f:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
例子：拉取centos镜像运行
[root@node03 ~]# docker pull centos:6.9
[root@node03 ~]# docker run -it --name centos_yc centos:6.9
[root@cb2089a95653 /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:648 (648.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@cb2089a95653 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 13 1 0 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@cb2089a95653 /]# exit
[root@node03 ~]#
4、容器启动后面命令
命令是容器在启动的时候要执行的命令，不跟命令启动默认的命令
例如如果跟了ps -ef 那么执行完容器就运行完毕
[root@node03 ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:15.10 ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:47 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
root@node03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a7837d2a610f ubuntu:15.10 "ps -ef" 49 seconds ago Exited (0) 48 seconds ago agitated_rhodes
5、进入一个正在运行的容器
（1）attach进入容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cb2089a95653 centos:6.9 "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 4 seconds centos_yc
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Up 48 minutes blissful_lewin
[root@node03 ~]# docker attach cb2089a95653
[root@cb2089a95653 /]#
注：使用attach进入容器如果有多个客户端，客户端会同步所有操作，有任何一个窗口退出ctrl+c退出容器，容器就死了。如下图所示
（2）exec进入容器
画面不同步
进入容器后推出的时候ctrl +p 然后ctrl+q退出后容器不会死
6、停止一个容器
root@node03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cb2089a95653 centos:6.9 "/bin/bash" 26 minutes ago Up 14 minutes centos_yc
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Up About an hour blissful_lewin
停止容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker stop cb2089a95653
cb2089a95653
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Up About an hour blissful_lewin
杀死容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker kill 7cb788123876
7cb788123876
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7、删除容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a7837d2a610f ubuntu:15.10 "ps -ef" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago agitated_rhodes
cb2089a95653 centos:6.9 "/bin/bash" 31 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago centos_yc
cde36937797f ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (127) 47 minutes ago ubuntu_yc
9dc5421ea021 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 7 weeks ago reverent_lamport
7cb788123876 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/bash" 2 months ago Exited (137) 4 minutes ago blissful_lewin
[root@node03 ~]# docker rm 7cb788123876
强制删除一个正在运行的容器
[root@node03 ~]# docker rm -f 7cb788123876
一次删除所有容器
删除所有容器
docker rm `docker ps -a -q`
强制删除所有容器
docker rm -f `docker ps -a -q`
8、修改容器中文件（容器里没有vi等工具）
[root@node03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9dc5421ea021 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 weeks ago Exited (0) 7 weeks ago reverent_lamport
[root@node03 ~]# docker cp 9dc5421ea021:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /root
[root@node03 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg nginx.conf openstack-swift-object ubuntu:v1.tar.gz
[root@node03 ~]# docker cp /root/nginx.conf 9dc5421ea021:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
总结：
docker容器内的第一个进程必须一直处于前台运行的状态（必须夯住），否则这个容器就会处于退出状态。
