11 Lists
1 Lists
1.1 定义并访问Lists
List list = new List[]
.也可以使用泛型。访问list中的元素,可以使用list.get(i) or list[i]。
package list
class ListMapTest { public static void main(args){ List<Integer> list = [1,2,3,4]; println list[2] List<Person> persons = list[]; Person p = new Person("Jim","Knopf") persons[0] = p println persons.size() println persons[0].firstName println persons.get(0).firstName
} }
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输出:
Groovy也允许直接访问list中的元素。如下:
package list
class ListMapTest2 {
static main(args) { List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>(); persons[0] = new Person("Jim","Knopf") persons[1] = new Person("Test","Test") println persons.firstName }
}
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输出:
1.2 list与array互转
Groovy自动转换一个Array到一个List,反之亦然。如下:
package list
class List2array {
static main(args) { def String[] strings = "This is a long sentence".split(); //转换Array为List def List listStrings = strings; //转换List为Array def String[] arrayStrings = listStrings println strings.class.name println listStrings.class.name println arrayStrings.class.name }
}
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输出:
1.3 List 方法
下边的list方法,非常有用
- reverse()
- sort()
- remove(index)
- findAll{closure} - returns all list elements for which the closure validates to true
- first()
- last()
- max()
- min()
- join("string") 合并list中所有的元素,调用toString方法,并且连接到一起
- << e 追加元素e到该list
grep
方法,用于过滤集合中指定的元素。
1.4 Operator overloading in Lists
List支持操作符重载。可以使用+来连接字符串,使用-来截取lists并且使用left-shift操作符来向list中增加元素。
1.5 Spreaddot 操作符
*.
分隔符,常被用来调用一个集合中的所有元素。操作的结果是另外一个集合对象。
package list
class SpreaddotTest {
static main(args) { def list = ["Hello","Test","Lars"] //计算list中的每个字符串元素的长度 def sizeList = list*.size() assert sizeList == [5,4,4] }
}
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输出:
空,说明正确。
1.6 搜索list(find, findall and grep)
搜索方法:
- findAll{closure} - returns all list elements for which the closure validates to true
- find{closure} - returns the list element for which the closure validates to true
- grep(Object filter) - Iterates over the collection of items and returns each item that matches the given filter - calling the Object#isCase. This method can be used with different kinds of filters like regular expressions, classes, ranges etc.
package list
class FindAndGrepTest {
static main(args) { def l1 = ['test',12,20,true] //检索Boolean类型的元素 assert[true] == l1.grep(Boolean) //检索以G开头的元素 assert['Groovy'] == ['test','Groovy','Java'].grep(~/^G.*/) //返回list中包含b和c的元素,注:['b', 'c'],是一个集合 assert ['b', 'c'] == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'].grep(['b', 'c']) //返回在range内的元素 assert[14,16]==[5,14,16,75,12].grep(13..17) //equal assert[42.031] == [15,'Peter',42.031,42.032].grep(42.031) //返回基于闭包的大于40的数 assert[50,100,300] == [10, 12, 30, 50, 100, 300].grep({it > 40}) }
}
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