Step by Step 创建Oracle RAC One Node
Step by Step 创建Oracle RAC One Node
1 RAC ONE NODE介绍
RAC OneNode是oracle 11g RAC的一个新的选件，实现了instance在不同的node上迁移，增强了故障的保护，更好的进行联机维护，同时在需要时不用停机即可升级为多节点的RAC数据库。
1.1 更好的服务器整合
在该示例中，五个单实例 Oracle RAC One Node 数据库运行在一个由三台服务器组成的集群中。服务器 A 运行Oracle RAC One Node 数据库 DB1 和 DB2，服务器 B 运行数据库DB3，而服务器C运行数据库 DB4 和 DB5。每台服务器运行一个操作系统。
1.2 增强的故障保护
在上面的情形中，服务器 B 发生故障，之前运行在服务器 B 上的数据库实例 DB3 将在服务器 C 上启动。ORACLE RAC One Node 与cluster ware结合在一起，cluster ware确保数据库服务的可用性，当发生故障时ORACLE RAC One Node 检测故障并在另外的节点启动发生故障的数据库。
1.3 更大的灵活性和更强的负载管理
如图中所示，可以在不中断服务的情况下，把数据库instance从一台服务器迁移到另外一台服务器，特别适合服务器资源紧张或者服务器需要维护的情景。
1.4 更好的联机维护
在联机情况下把数据库服务从一台服务器迁移到另外一台备用服务器，对主服务器进行硬件维护，操作系统升级和数据库补丁等各种维护。
1.5 增强
相对于11.2.0.1,11.2.0.2有以下方面的增强
1. OUI在安装和DBCA建库时增加了RAC One Node的选项
2. srvctl命令更方便的对RAC One Node进行全面管理
3. 不用安装9004119补丁
2 环境规划
VMplayer规划两台ORACLE Enterprise Linux 5.4用于搭建11gR2 RAC One Node 环境。
-
网络规划
|
Node |
OS |
IP |
PrivateIP |
VIP |
SCAN IP |
|
11g1 |
Enterprise linux 5.4 |
10.10.10.190 |
192.168.0.190 |
10.10.10.192 |
10.10.10.199 |
|
11g2 |
Enterprise linux 5.4 |
10.10.10.191 |
192.168.0.191 |
10.10.10.193 |
10.10.10.199 |
-
软件版本
|
Node |
Grid Infrastructure |
Oracle Database |
Share Storage |
|
11g1 |
11.2.0.2.0 |
11.2.0.2.0 |
ASM |
|
11g2 |
11.2.0.2.0 |
11.2.0.2.0 |
ASM |
-
用户和用户组
|
Node |
Grid Infrastructure |
Oracle Database |
||
|
Group |
Owner |
Group |
Owner |
|
|
11g1 |
asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oinstall |
grid |
dba,asmdba,oinstall |
oracle |
|
11g2 |
asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oinstall |
grid |
dba,asmdba,oinstall |
oracle |
3 操作系统配置
3.1 修改hosts文件
两台主机分别修改/etc/hosts文件
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
10.10.10.190 11g1
192.168.0.190 11g1_priv
10.10.10.192 11g1_vip
10.10.10.191 11g2
192.168.0.191 11g2_priv
10.10.10.193 11g2_vip
10.10.10.199 scan_ip
3.2 创建用户和用户组
[root@11g1~]# groupadd -g 501 oinstall
[root@11g1~]# groupadd -g 502 dba
[root@11g1~]# groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
[root@11g1~]# groupadd -g 506 asmdba
[root@11g1~]# groupadd -g 507 asmoper
[root@11g1~]# useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
[root@11g1~]# useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
3.3 设置密码
[root@11g1~]# passwd oracle
Changingpassword for user oracle.
NewUNIX password:
BADPASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retypenew UNIX password:
passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@11g1~]# passwd grid
Changingpassword for user grid.
NewUNIX password:
BADPASSWORD: it is too short
Retypenew UNIX password:
passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.
3.4 配置内核参数
修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件添加以下内容
kernel.shmmni= 4096
kernel.sem= 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max= 6553600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default= 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
3.5 set shell limits
-
/etc/security/limits.conf添加以下内容
gridsoft nproc 2047
gridhard nproc 16384
gridsoft nofile 1024
gridhard nofile 65536
oraclesoft nproc 2047
oraclehard nproc 16384
oraclesoft nofile 1024
oraclehard nofile 65536
-
/etc/pam.d/login添加以下内容
sessionrequired pam_limits.so
-
/etc/profile添加以下内容
if [$USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit-p 16384
ulimit-n 65536
else
ulimit-u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask022
fi
-
/etc/csh.login添加以下内容
if ($USER = "oracle" || $USER = "grid" ) then
limitmaxproc 16384
limitdescriptors 65536
endif
3.6 检查安装包
rpm -q --qf'%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n' binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel\
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
ksh \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5(i386)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61(i386)
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5(i386)
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5(i386)
gcc-4.1.2-46.el5(i386)
gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5(i386)
glibc-2.5-42(i686)
glibc-common-2.5-42(i386)
glibc-devel-2.5-42(i386)
glibc-headers-2.5-42(i386)
ksh-20080202-14.el5(i386)
libaio-0.3.106-3.2(i386)
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2(i386)
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5(i386)
libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5(i386)
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-46.el5(i386)
make-3.81-3.el5(i386)
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5(i386)
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1(i386)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1(i386)
3.7 在另一节点重复以上步骤
重复3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6步骤
4 ORACLE环境配置
4.1 创建Oracle Inventory目录
[root@11g1~]# mkdir -p u01/app/oraInventory
[root@11g1~]# chown -R grid:oinstall u01/app/oraInventory
[root@11g1~]# chmod -R 775 u01/app/oraInventory
4.2 创建Grid Home 目录
[root@11g1 ~]# mkdir -p u01/11.2.0/app
[root@11g1 ~]# chown grid:oinstall u01/11.2.0/app
[root@11g1 ~]#
[root@11g1 ~]# chmod -R 755 u01/11.2.0/app
[root@11g1 ~]# mkdir -p u01/11.2.0/grid
[root@11g1 ~]#
[root@11g1 ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall u01/11.2.0/grid
[root@11g1 ~]# chmod -R 775 u01/11.2.0/grid
4.3 创建Oracle Base目录
[root@11g1 ~]# mkdir -p u01/app/oracle
[root@11g1 ~]# mkdir u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
[root@11g1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle
[root@11g1 ~]# chmod -R 775 u01/app/oracle
4.4 创建Oracle RDBMS Home目录
[root@11g1 ~]# mkdir -p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[root@11g1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[root@11g1 ~]# chmod -R 775/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
4.5 配置环境变量
-
节点1 grid
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/11.2.0/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
umask 022
-
节点1 oracle
ORACLE_SID=test1; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=test; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
umask 022
-
节点2 grid
ORACLE_SID=+ASM2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/11.2.0/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/11.2.0/grid; export ORACLE_HOME
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
umask 022
-
节点2 oracle
ORACLE_SID=test2; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_UNQNAME=test; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1;export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11
PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
PATH=${PATH}:/u01/app/common/oracle/bin
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export CLASSPATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
umask 022
4.6 在另一节点重复以上步骤
重复4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.5步骤
5 准备共享存储
5.1 共享存储
|
Block Device |
Diskgroup Name |
Size |
Comments |
|
/dev/sdb1 |
ocr |
2GB |
for OCR and vote disk |
|
/dev/sdc1 |
data |
10GB |
for oracle data disk |
5.2 分区
[root@11g1Server]# fdisk dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261,default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@11g1Server]# fdisk dev/sdc
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305,default 1305):
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
在另外一节点load分区
[root@11g2 ]# partprobe
5.3 raw
[root@11g1~]# raw dev/raw/raw1 dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17
[root@11g1~]# raw dev/raw/raw2 dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 18
[root@11g1~]# chown grid:asmadmin dev/raw/raw*
/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices添加以下内容
/dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw2 /dev/sdc1
同时在另一节的rawdevices添加以上内容
1 安装Grid Infrastructure
[grid@11g1grid]$ ./runInstaller
设置SSH等效性
两个节点分布执行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh
2 安装ORACLE数据库软件
[oracle@11g1database]$ ./runInstaller
3 创建RAC ONE NODE库
service name 不能与db默认的服务名一样。
4 RAC One Node管理
4.1 验证RAC OneNode
[grid@11g2 ~]$ srvctl config database -d test
Databaseunique name: test
Databasename: test
Oraclehome: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracleuser: oracle
Spfile:+DATA/test/spfiletest.ora
Domain:
Startoptions: open
Stopoptions: immediate
Databaserole: PRIMARY
Managementpolicy: AUTOMATIC
Serverpools: test
Databaseinstances:
DiskGroups: DATA
Mountpoint paths:
Services:onenode
Type:RACOneNode <<类型为RACOneNode
Onlinerelocation timeout: 30
Instancename prefix: test
Candidateservers: 11g1
Databaseis administrator managed
[grid@11g2 ~]$ srvctl status database -d test
Instance test_1 is running on node 11g1
Online relocation: INACTIVE
4.2 Online migration
[grid@11g1 grid]$ srvctl relocate database -d test -n11g2 -v
Added target node 11g2
Configuration updated to two instances <<在node2 启动instance
Instance test_2 started
Services relocated
Waiting for 30 minutes for instance test_1 tostop..... <<在原来的节点停止instance。30分钟为默认的timeout time，用于给活动session完成活动的事务并迁移到新的节点，如果在指定的timeout 内不能完成事务，则事务将被cancel，session将被remove，可以-w选项来指定这个timeout
Instance test_1 stopped
Configuration updated to one instance
[grid@11g1 grid]$ srvctl status database -d test
Instance test_2 is running on node 11g2
Online relocation: INACTIVE
4.3 Convertto RAC
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d test
Database unique name: test
Database name: test
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/test/spfiletest.ora
Domain:
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: test
Database instances:
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths:
Services: onenode
Type: RACOneNode
Online relocation timeout: 30
Instance name prefix: test
Candidate servers: 11g1
Database is administrator managed
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl convert database -d test -c rac-n 11g1
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d test
Database unique name: test
Database name: test
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/test/spfiletest.ora
Domain:
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: test
Database instances: test_1
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths:
Services: onenode
Type: RAC <<类型转换为RAC
Database is administrator managed
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d test -i test_2-n 11g2
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d test -i test_2
[grid@11g1 ~]$ srvctl status database -d test
Instance test_1 is running on node 11g1
Instance test_2 is running on node 11g2
5 参考文档
《Oracle 白皮书—Oracle Real Application Clusters One Node》
