mysql -=- DDL
net start mysql mysql -uroot -p show databases use 数据库名 how tables -------------------------------------------------------------------------- select goods_id ,goods_name ,shop_price+1,market_price,market_price-shop_price from goods; select * from goods where goods_id = 32; select goods_id,goods_name,cat_id from goods where cat_id <> 32;//不等于 select goods_id,goods_name,cat_id from goods where cat_id > 32;//不等于 select goods_id,goods_name,cat_id from goods where cat_id <= 32 and cat_id >= 2;//不等于 select goods_id,cat_id from goods where cat_id = 4 or cat_id =11;//或者 select goods_id,cat_id from goods where cat_id in (4,11);//4,11选一个 select goods_id,cat_id from goods where cat_id between 4 and 11;//4--11之间 select goods_id,cat_id from goods where cat_id not in (4,11);//不是4,11 select click_count ,cat_id,shop_price from goods where cat_id = 3 and (shop_price < 1000 or shop_price > 3000) and click_count>5; //and优先级高于or select goods_name from goods where goods_name like '诺基亚%';//%是任意字符 select goods_name from goods where goods_name like '诺基亚___';//___3个下划线是3个字符 select cat_id,sum(goods_number*shop_price) as k from goods group by cat_id having k>20000 (5个聚合函数,sum,avg,max,min,count与group综合运用) select cat_id,max(shop_price) from ecs_goods group by cat_id; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where cat_id=3 and shop_price>1000 and shop_price <3000 and click_count>5 and goods_name like '诺基亚%'; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where shop_price between 1000 and 3000 and cat_id=3 and click_count>5 and goods_name like '诺基亚%'; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where goods_name like '诺基亚N__'; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goos where goods_name not like '诺基亚%'; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price,click_count from ecs_goods where cat_id=3 and (shop_price <1000 or shop_price>3000) and click_count>5; select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where cat_id not in (3,11); 取出100<=价格<=500的商品(不许用and) select goods_id,cat_id,goods_name,shop_price from ecs_goods where shop_price between 100 and 500; 1.15 一道面试题,有如下表和数组,把num值处于[20,29]之间,改为20,num值处于[30,39]之间的,改为30 select floor(num/10)*10 from mian; updata mian set num=floor(num/10)*10; update mian set num=floor(num/10)*10 where num between 20 and 29; 1.16 练习题: 把good表中商品名为'诺基亚xxxx'的商品,改为'HTCxxxx', update goods set goods_name = concat('htc',substring(goods_name,4)) where goods_name like '诺基亚%'; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NULL : insert into user values (1,null,99,'rr');//Column 'name' cannot be null mysql> create table tmp( -> id int, -> name varchar(20) -> ) charset utf8 engine myisam; insert into tmp values (1,'ll'),(2,'ffff'),(3,null); mysql> select * from tmp; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | ll | | 1 | ll | | 2 | ffff | | 3 | NULL | +----+------+ 4 rows in set mysql> select * from tmp where name = null; Empty set mysql> select * from tmp where name != null; Empty set mysql> select * from tmp where name is null; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 3 | NULL | +----+------+ 1 row in set mysql> select * from tmp where name is not null; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | ll | | 1 | ll | | 2 | ffff | +----+------+ 3 rows in set mysql> desc tmp;//查看表的结构: +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set mysql> show create table tmp;//查看表的创建过程: +-------+---------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------+ | tmp | CREATE TABLE `tmp` ( `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+------------+ 1 row in set ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mysql> select avg(shop_price) from goods; mysql> select count(*) from goods; mysql> select sum(goods_number*shop_price) from goods;//求2列相乘后的和 mysql> select avg(shop_price) ,cat_id from goods group by cat_id;//先根据cat_id分组,再求每组的平均值。 +-----------------+--------+ | avg(shop_price) | cat_id | +-----------------+--------+ | 823.330000 | 2 | | 1746.066667 | 3 | | 2297.000000 | 4 | | 3700.000000 | 5 | | 75.333333 | 8 | | 31.000000 | 11 | | 33.500000 | 13 | | 54.000000 | 14 | | 70.000000 | 15 | +-----------------+--------+ 9 rows in set mysql> select count(*) ,cat_id from goods group by cat_id;//根据cat_id分组,再查每组的数量。 +----------+--------+ | count(*) | cat_id | +----------+--------+ | 1 | 2 | | 15 | 3 | | 3 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | | 3 | 8 | | 2 | 11 | | 2 | 13 | | 2 | 14 | | 2 | 15 | +----------+--------+ 9 rows in set mysql> select max(shop_price) ,cat_id from goods group by cat_id; +-----------------+--------+ | max(shop_price) | cat_id | +-----------------+--------+ | 823.33 | 2 | | 5999 | 3 | | 2878 | 4 | | 3700 | 5 | | 100 | 8 | | 42 | 11 | | 48 | 13 | | 90 | 14 | | 95 | 15 | +-----------------+--------+ 9 rows in set mysql> select goods_id, goods_name, market_price - shop_price from goods; +----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ | goods_id | goods_name | market_price - shop_price | +----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ | 1 | kd876 | 277.6 | | 4 | htcn85原装充电器 | 11.6 | +----------+---------------------------+---------------------------+ 31 rows in set ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- having对结果集操作: where---group by---having---order by ---limit 数据库数据保存在goods.MYD文件里面,select xxx from goods where cat_id=3 查询的临时结果集result放在内存中,where是针对表起作用,select (market_price - shop_price) as less中的less在内存结果集中不在表中,所以对表中where less > 700不起作用,想好针对结果集发挥作用只能用having了, mysql> select goods_id, goods_name ,(market_price - shop_price) as less from goods [where 1] having less > 700; +----------+----------------+--------+ | goods_id | goods_name | less | +----------+----------------+--------+ | 22 | 多普达touch hd | 1199.8 | | 23 | htcn96 | 740 | +----------+----------------+--------+ 2 rows in set 所以where不能写在having后面,因为只有where从表中查询出结果集后,然后用having对结果集操作。 有如下表及数据 +------+---------+-------+ | name | subject | score | +------+---------+-------+ | 张三 | 数学 | 90 | | 张三 | 语文 | 50 | | 张三 | 地理 | 40 | | 李四 | 语文 | 55 | | 李四 | 政治 | 45 | | 王五 | 政治 | 30 | +------+---------+-------+ 要求:查询出2门及2门以上不及格者的平均成绩 drop table tmp; mysql> select count(score<=60) as num from temp; +-----+ | num | +-----+ | 6 | +-----+ 1 row in set mysql> select count(score<=60) as num from temp group by name; +-----+ | num | +-----+ | 3 | | 1 | | 2 | +-----+ 3 rows in set mysql> select name, count(score<=60) as num, avg(score) from temp where 1 group by name having num>=2; +------+-----+------------+ | name | num | avg(score) | +------+-----+------------+ | 三 | 3 | 60.0000 | | 四 | 2 | 30.0000 | +------+-----+------------+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- order by:在内存中排序 mysql> select * from goods order by shop_price , cat_id; 取出点击量前三名到前5名的商品 select goods_id,goods_name,click_count from ecs_goods order by click_count desc limit 2,5;//跳过2个从第三个开始,取出5个, where 子查询: 查询出最新的商品(以商品编号goods_id最大为最新,用子查询实现) select goods_id,goods_name from goods where goods_id =(select max(goods_id) from ecs_goods); 查询出每一个cat_id下最新的商品(先查询每个cat_id下goods_id的最大值) mysql> select goods_id,cat_id from goods where goods_id in (select max(goods_id) from goods group by cat_id) order by cat_id asc; from子查询: mysql> select goods_id from (select goods_id,goods_name from goods order by goods_id asc, goods_name desc) as temp where goods_id between 10 and 13; +----------+ | goods_id | +----------+ | 10 | | 11 | | 12 | | 13 | +----------+ mysql> select goods_id as gid from (select goods_id,goods_name from goods order by goods_id asc, goods_name desc) as temp where goods_id between 10 and 13 order by gid desc limit 1,2;//有的地方要加as不加as不行, 空格作为分隔符逗号作为连接符。 +-----+ | gid | +-----+ | 12 | | 11 | +-----+ exists型子查询: 查出所有有商品的栏目cart_id select * from category where exists (select * from goods where goods.cat_id=category.cat_id); mysql> select goods.cat_id,category.cat_id from goods,category where goods.cat_id = category.cat_id limit 1,5;//2个表查询 +--------+--------+ | cat_id | cat_id | +--------+--------+ | 8 | 8 | | 8 | 8 | | 11 | 11 | | 11 | 11 | | 8 | 8 | +--------+--------+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1+N模式查询: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 连接查询: 左连接,left join on,table A left join table B on tableA.col1 = tableB.col2 ; 连接完了之后就成了一个大表格(from boy left join girl on boy.hid=girl.hid就是一张大表,后面的写法跟一张表一样写法,)。on是表连接的条件。 mysql> select * from girl; mysql> select * from boy; +-----+--------+ +-----+--------+ | hid | gname | | hid | bname | +-----+--------+ +-----+--------+ | B | 小龙女 | | A | 屌丝 | | C | 张柏芝 | | B | 杨过 | | D | mv | | C | 陈冠希 | | E | no | | D | yw | +-----+--------+ +-----+--------+ mysql> select boy.hid,boy.bname,girl.hid,girl.gname from boy left join girl on boy.hid=girl.hid;//左边的表全部列出来,进行右边表的匹配,匹配不上就没有, +-----+--------+------+--------+ | hid | bname | hid | gname | +-----+--------+------+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | | D | yw | D | mv | | A | 屌丝 | NULL | NULL | +-----+--------+------+--------+ mysql> select boy.hid,boy.bname,girl.hid,girl.gname from boy right join girl on boy.hid=girl.hid;//右边的表全部列出来,进行左边表的匹配,匹配不上就没有, +------+--------+-----+--------+ | hid | bname | hid | gname | +------+--------+-----+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | | D | yw | D | mv | | NULL | NULL | E | no | +------+--------+-----+--------+ mysql> select boy.hid,boy.bname,girl.hid,girl.gname from boy inner join girl on boy.hid=girl.hid;//剔除没有匹配上的,inner join是求交集,求并集是外连接,mysql没有外连接,oracle和sqlsercver有外连接。 +-----+--------+-----+--------+ | hid | bname | hid | gname | +-----+--------+-----+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | | D | yw | D | mv | +-----+--------+-----+--------+ select goods_name,cat_name,shop_price from goods left join category on goods.cat_id=category.cat_id //大表, where goods.cat_id = 4; mysql> select * from boygirl; +--------+--------+ | boygid | byname | +--------+--------+ | A | aaa | | B | bbb | | C | ccc | | D | ddd | +--------+--------+ mysql> select * from boy left join girl on gid=bid; +-----+--------+------+--------+ | bid | bname | gid | gname | +-----+--------+------+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | | D | yw | D | mv | | A | 屌丝 | NULL | NULL | +-----+--------+------+--------+ mysql> select * from boy left join girl on gid=bid //left join成一张大表,这张大表再去右连接, right join boygirl on boygid=gid; +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ | bid | bname | gid | gname | boygid | byname | +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | B | bbb | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | C | ccc | | D | yw | D | mv | D | ddd | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | A | aaa | +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ mysql> select * from boy left join girl as tmp on gid=bid right join boygirl on boygirl.boygid=tmp.gid;//取boy left join girl大表的别名为tmp, +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ | bid | bname | gid | gname | boygid | byname | +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | B | bbb | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | C | ccc | | D | yw | D | mv | D | ddd | | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | A | aaa | +------+--------+------+--------+--------+--------+ mysql> select * from boy left join girl as t1 on boy.bid = t1.gid;//t1为girl的别名。 +-----+--------+------+--------+ | bid | bname | gid | gname | +-----+--------+------+--------+ | B | 杨过 | B | 小龙女 | | C | 陈冠希 | C | 张柏芝 | | D | yw | D | mv | | A | 屌丝 | NULL | NULL | +-----+--------+------+--------+ select gc.goods_name,gc.cat_name,gb.brand_name from goods left join category as gc on goods.cat_id=category.cat_id left join brand as gb on goods.brand_id=brand.brand_id where goods.cat_id = 4; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- union查询:把多个sql的查询结果合并成一个结果集。必须满足表的列数相同。字段不同都可以,以前面表格的字段为新字段。完全相同的行将会被合并,union all就不会合并完全相同的行。 mysql> select * from study_new union all select * from m; +----+----------+-------+-----+------------+ | id | username | class | sex | addtime | +----+----------+-------+-----+------------+ | 1 | 小王 | 1 | 男 | 0 | | 2 | 小四 | 2 | 女 | 0 | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2:0 | 2006-05-21 | | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1:2 | 2006-06-21 | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2:5 | 2006-06-25 | | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3:2 | 2006-07-21 | +----+----------+-------+-----+------------+
一、数学函数 abs(x) 返回x的绝对值 bin(x) 返回x的二进制(oct返回八进制,hex返回十六进制) ceiling(x) 返回大于x的最小整数值 exp(x) 返回值e(自然对数的底)的x次方 floor(x) 返回小于x的最大整数值 greatest(x1,x2,...,xn)返回集合中最大的值 least(x1,x2,...,xn) 返回集合中最小的值 ln(x) 返回x的自然对数 log(x,y)返回x的以y为底的对数 mod(x,y) 返回x/y的模(余数) pi()返回pi的值(圆周率) rand()返回0到1内的随机值,可以通过提供一个参数(种子)使rand()随机数生成器生成一个指定的值。 round(x,y)返回参数x的四舍五入的有y位小数的值 sign(x) 返回代表数字x的符号的值 sqrt(x) 返回一个数的平方根 truncate(x,y) 返回数字x截短为y位小数的结果 二、聚合函数(常用于group by从句的select查询中) avg(col)返回指定列的平均值 count(col)返回指定列中非null值的个数 min(col)返回指定列的最小值 max(col)返回指定列的最大值 sum(col)返回指定列的所有值之和 group_concat(col) 返回由属于一组的列值连接组合而成的结果 三、字符串函数 ascii(char)返回字符的ascii码值 bit_length(str)返回字符串的比特长度 concat(s1,s2...,sn)将s1,s2...,sn连接成字符串 concat_ws(sep,s1,s2...,sn)将s1,s2...,sn连接成字符串,并用sep字符间隔 insert(str,x,y,instr) 将字符串str从第x位置开始,y个字符长的子串替换为字符串instr,返回结果 find_in_set(str,list)分析逗号分隔的list列表,如果发现str,返回str在list中的位置 lcase(str)或lower(str) 返回将字符串str中所有字符改变为小写后的结果 left(str,x)返回字符串str中最左边的x个字符 length(s)返回字符串str中的字符数 ltrim(str) 从字符串str中切掉开头的空格 position(substr,str) 返回子串substr在字符串str中第一次出现的位置 quote(str) 用反斜杠转义str中的单引号 repeat(str,srchstr,rplcstr)返回字符串str重复x次的结果 reverse(str) 返回颠倒字符串str的结果 right(str,x) 返回字符串str中最右边的x个字符 rtrim(str) 返回字符串str尾部的空格 strcmp(s1,s2)比较字符串s1和s2 trim(str)去除字符串首部和尾部的所有空格 ucase(str)或upper(str) 返回将字符串str中所有字符转变为大写后的结果 四、日期和时间函数 curdate()或current_date() 返回当前的日期 curtime()或current_time() 返回当前的时间 date_add(date,interval int keyword)返回日期date加上间隔时间int的结果(int必须按照关键字进行格式化),如:selectdate_add(current_date,interval 6 month); date_format(date,fmt) 依照指定的fmt格式格式化日期date值 date_sub(date,interval int keyword)返回日期date加上间隔时间int的结果(int必须按照关键字进行格式化),如:selectdate_sub(current_date,interval 6 month); dayofweek(date) 返回date所代表的一星期中的第几天(1~7) dayofmonth(date) 返回date是一个月的第几天(1~31) dayofyear(date) 返回date是一年的第几天(1~366) dayname(date) 返回date的星期名,如:select dayname(current_date); from_unixtime(ts,fmt) 根据指定的fmt格式,格式化unix时间戳ts hour(time) 返回time的小时值(0~23) minute(time) 返回time的分钟值(0~59) month(date) 返回date的月份值(1~12) monthname(date) 返回date的月份名,如:select monthname(current_date); now() 返回当前的日期和时间 quarter(date) 返回date在一年中的季度(1~4),如select quarter(current_date); week(date) 返回日期date为一年中第几周(0~53) year(date) 返回日期date的年份(1000~9999) 一些示例: 获取当前系统时间:select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp()); select extract(year_month from current_date); select extract(day_second from current_date); select extract(hour_minute from current_date); 返回两个日期值之间的差值(月数):select period_diff(200302,199802); 在mysql中计算年龄: select date_format(from_days(to_days(now())-to_days(birthday)),'%y')+0 as age from employee; 这样,如果brithday是未来的年月日的话,计算结果为0。 下面的sql语句计算员工的绝对年龄,即当birthday是未来的日期时,将得到负值。 select date_format(now(), '%y') - date_format(birthday, '%y') -(date_format(now(), '00-%m-%d') <date_format(birthday, '00-%m-%d')) as age from employee 五、加密函数 aes_encrypt(str,key) 返回用密钥key对字符串str利用高级加密标准算法加密后的结果,调用aes_encrypt的结果是一个二进制字符串,以blob类型存储 aes_decrypt(str,key) 返回用密钥key对字符串str利用高级加密标准算法解密后的结果 decode(str,key) 使用key作为密钥解密加密字符串str encrypt(str,salt) 使用unixcrypt()函数,用关键词salt(一个可以惟一确定口令的字符串,就像钥匙一样)加密字符串str encode(str,key) 使用key作为密钥加密字符串str,调用encode()的结果是一个二进制字符串,它以blob类型存储 md5() 计算字符串str的md5校验和 password(str) 返回字符串str的加密版本,这个加密过程是不可逆转的,和unix密码加密过程使用不同的算法。 sha() 计算字符串str的安全散列算法(sha)校验和 示例: select encrypt('root','salt'); select encode('xufeng','key'); select decode(encode('xufeng','key'),'key');#加解密放在一起 select aes_encrypt('root','key'); select aes_decrypt(aes_encrypt('root','key'),'key'); select md5('123456'); select sha('123456'); 六、控制流函数 mysql有4个函数是用来进行条件操作的,这些函数可以实现sql的条件逻辑,允许开发者将一些应用程序业务逻辑转换到数据库后台。 mysql控制流函数: case when[test1] then [result1]...else [default] end如果testn是真,则返回resultn,否则返回default case [test] when[val1] then [result]...else [default]end 如果test和valn相等,则返回resultn,否则返回default if(test,t,f) 如果test是真,返回t;否则返回f ifnull(arg1,arg2) 如果arg1不是空,返回arg1,否则返回arg2 nullif(arg1,arg2) 如果arg1=arg2返回null;否则返回arg1 这些函数的第一个是ifnull(),它有两个参数,并且对第一个参数进行判断。如果第一个参数不是null,函数就会向调用者返回第一个参数;如果是null,将返回第二个参数。 如:select ifnull(1,2), ifnull(null,10),ifnull(4*null,'false'); nullif()函数将会检验提供的两个参数是否相等,如果相等,则返回null,如果不相等,就返回第一个参数。 如:select nullif(1,1),nullif('a','b'),nullif(2+3,4+1); 和许多脚本语言提供的if()函数一样,mysql的if()函数也可以建立一个简单的条件测试,这个函数有三个参数,第一个是要被判断的表达式,如果表达式为真,if()将会返回第二个参数,如果为假,if()将会返回第三个参数。 如:selectif(1<10,2,3),if(56>100,'true','false'); if()函数在只有两种可能结果时才适合使用。然而,在现实世界中,我们可能发现在条件测试中会需要多个分支。在这种情况下,mysql提供了case函数,它和php及perl语言的switch-case条件例程一样。 case函数的格式有些复杂,通常如下所示: case [expression to be evaluated] when [val 1] then [result 1] when [val 2] then [result 2] when [val 3] then [result 3] ...... when [val n] then [result n] else [default result] end 这里,第一个参数是要被判断的值或表达式,接下来的是一系列的when-then块,每一块的第一个参数指定要比较的值,如果为真,就返回结果。所有的when-then块将以else块结束,当end结束了所有外部的case块时,如果前面的每一个块都不匹配就会返回else块指定的默认结果。如果没有指定else块,而且所有的when-then比较都不是真,mysql将会返回null。 case函数还有另外一种句法,有时使用起来非常方便,如下: case when [conditional test 1] then [result 1] when [conditional test 2] then [result 2] else [default result] end 这种条件下,返回的结果取决于相应的条件测试是否为真。 示例: mysql>select case 'green' when 'red' then 'stop' when 'green' then 'go' end; select case 9 when 1 then 'a' when 2 then 'b' else 'n/a' end; select case when (2+2)=4 then 'ok' when(2+2)<>4 then 'not ok' end asstatus; select name,if((isactive = 1),'已激活','未激活') as result fromuserlogininfo; select fname,lname,(math+sci+lit) as total, case when (math+sci+lit) < 50 then 'd' when (math+sci+lit) between 50 and 150 then 'c' when (math+sci+lit) between 151 and 250 then 'b' else 'a' end as grade from marks; select if(encrypt('sue','ts')=upass,'allow','deny') as loginresultfrom users where uname = 'sue';#一个登陆验证 七、格式化函数 date_format(date,fmt) 依照字符串fmt格式化日期date值 format(x,y) 把x格式化为以逗号隔开的数字序列,y是结果的小数位数 inet_aton(ip) 返回ip地址的数字表示 inet_ntoa(num) 返回数字所代表的ip地址 time_format(time,fmt) 依照字符串fmt格式化时间time值 其中最简单的是format()函数,它可以把大的数值格式化为以逗号间隔的易读的序列。 示例: select format(34234.34323432,3); select date_format(now(),'%w,%d %m %y %r'); select date_format(now(),'%y-%m-%d'); select date_format(19990330,'%y-%m-%d'); select date_format(now(),'%h:%i %p'); select inet_aton('10.122.89.47'); select inet_ntoa(175790383); 八、类型转化函数 为了进行数据类型转化,mysql提供了cast()函数,它可以把一个值转化为指定的数据类型。类型有:binary,char,date,time,datetime,signed,unsigned 示例: select cast(now() as signed integer),curdate()+0; select 'f'=binary 'f','f'=cast('f' as binary); 九、系统信息函数 database() 返回当前数据库名 benchmark(count,expr) 将表达式expr重复运行count次 connection_id() 返回当前客户的连接id found_rows() 返回最后一个select查询进行检索的总行数 user()或system_user() 返回当前登陆用户名 version() 返回mysql服务器的版本 示例: select database(),version(),user(); selectbenchmark(9999999,log(rand()*pi()));#该例中,mysql计算log(rand()*pi())表达式9999999次。