第九节:ASP.NET Core 中多环境的使用
一. 环境相关配置
1. 说明
ASP.NET Core 在应用启动时读取环境变量 ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT, ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT 可设置为任意值,但框架仅支持三个值:Development(开发)、Staging(测试)
和 Production(生产)。 如果未设置 ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT,则默认为 Production(即生产环境)。
2. 获取方法
IHostingEvironment对象,常用的四个方法分别是:
①:是否是开发 IsDevelopment
②:是否是测试 IsStaging
③:是否是生产 IsProduction
④:是否是自定义的xxx环境 IsEnvironment("xxx")
详见:Startup类中的Configure方法
3. 环境变量配置的几种方法
①. cmd指令的形式设置: set ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Staging
【仅对当前窗口有效,窗口关闭时,ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT 设置将恢复为默认设置或计算机值。】
②. 电脑环境变量全局设置:我的电脑属性→环境变量→ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT :Development
特别注意:以上两种方式,仅适用于通过命令启动的模式,如:dotnet ManyEnvironment.dll ,然后在浏览器中通过 5000端口进行访问。
③. 代码层次launchSettings.json中配置,配置文件中有两个选项,一个是IIS Express,一个是项目名称,这两个对应上面VS工具栏不同的启动方式,省略的话默认为 Production环境。
(代码层次的配置优先级要 大于 前面两种模式)
二. 基于环境的Startup 类和方法约定
1. Startup类约定
(1).说明
Asp.Net Core启动时,可以为不同的环境单独定义 Startup{EnvironmentName 类(例如,StartupDevelopment、StartupProduction、StartupStaging),相应 Startup 类会在运行时得到选择。
优先考虑名称后缀与当前环境相匹配的类。 如果找不到匹配的 Startup{EnvironmentName},就会使用默认的 Startup 类。
(2).实战测试
新建StartupDevelopment、StartupProduction、StartupStaging三个类,每个类中利用Run方法中止中间件并输出当前环境,然后在Program方法中利用反射获取Startup相关类,代码如下:
1 public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) 2 { 3 //基于Startup类的加载方式 4 var assemblyName = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.FullName; 5 return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).UseStartup(assemblyName); 6 }
然后在LaunchSetting.json中修改运行环境,发现加载的是不同的Startup,并输出对应的内容。
三个Startup代码分享
1 public class StartupDevelopment 2 { 3 public StartupDevelopment(IConfiguration configuration) 4 { 5 Configuration = configuration; 6 } 7 8 public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 9 10 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 11 { 12 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 13 { 14 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 15 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 16 }); 17 18 19 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 20 } 21 22 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 23 { 24 //终止中间件 25 app.Run(async context => 26 { 27 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Development"); 28 }); 29 30 app.UseHttpsRedirection(); 31 app.UseStaticFiles(); 32 app.UseCookiePolicy(); 33 34 app.UseMvc(routes => 35 { 36 routes.MapRoute( 37 name: "default", 38 template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 39 }); 40 } 41 }
1 public class StartupProduction 2 { 3 public StartupProduction(IConfiguration configuration) 4 { 5 Configuration = configuration; 6 } 7 8 public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 9 10 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 11 { 12 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 13 { 14 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 15 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 16 }); 17 18 19 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 20 } 21 22 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 23 { 24 //终止中间件 25 app.Run(async context => 26 { 27 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Production"); 28 }); 29 30 app.UseHttpsRedirection(); 31 app.UseStaticFiles(); 32 app.UseCookiePolicy(); 33 34 app.UseMvc(routes => 35 { 36 routes.MapRoute( 37 name: "default", 38 template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 39 }); 40 } 41 }
1 public class StartupStaging 2 { 3 public StartupStaging(IConfiguration configuration) 4 { 5 Configuration = configuration; 6 } 7 8 public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 9 10 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 11 { 12 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 13 { 14 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 15 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 16 }); 17 18 19 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 20 } 21 22 public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 23 { 24 //终止中间件 25 app.Run(async context => 26 { 27 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Staging"); 28 }); 29 30 app.UseHttpsRedirection(); 31 app.UseStaticFiles(); 32 app.UseCookiePolicy(); 33 34 app.UseMvc(routes => 35 { 36 routes.MapRoute( 37 name: "default", 38 template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 39 }); 40 } 41 }
2. Startup方法约定
把前面类约定中配置Program方法中恢复原样,然后在Startup类中新建:
ConfigureStagingServices、ConfigureStaging
ConfigureDevelopmentServices、ConfigureDevelopment
ConfigureProductionServices、ConfigureProduction
然后在LaunchSetting.json中修改运行环境,通过加断点的形式,发现进入到不同的Services中了。
代码分享:
1 public class Startup 2 { 3 public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) 4 { 5 Configuration = configuration; 6 } 7 8 public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 9 10 /**************************************下面是Startup方法约定***********************************************/ 11 12 public void ConfigureStagingServices(IServiceCollection services) 13 { 14 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 15 { 16 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 17 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 18 }); 19 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 20 } 21 22 public void ConfigureStaging(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 23 { 24 //终止中间件 25 app.Run(async context => 26 { 27 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Staging"); 28 }); 29 } 30 31 public void ConfigureDevelopmentServices(IServiceCollection services) 32 { 33 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 34 { 35 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 36 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 37 }); 38 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 39 } 40 41 public void ConfigureDevelopment(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 42 { 43 //终止中间件 44 app.Run(async context => 45 { 46 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Development"); 47 }); 48 } 49 50 51 public void ConfigureProductionServices(IServiceCollection services) 52 { 53 services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options => 54 { 55 options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true; 56 options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None; 57 }); 58 services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); 59 } 60 61 public void ConfigureProduction(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) 62 { 63 //终止中间件 64 app.Run(async context => 65 { 66 await context.Response.WriteAsync("Environment is Production"); 67 }); 68 } 69 70 }
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- 作 者 : Yaopengfei(姚鹏飞)
- 博客地址 : http://www.cnblogs.com/yaopengfei/
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