链表
链表定义:一种递归的数据结构, 它是在集合类的抽象数据,它或者为空, 或者是指向一个节点 (node) 的引用, 该结点含有一个泛型的元素和一个指向另一条链表的引用。
单向链表:
public class LinkList<T> : IEnumerable { public Node First { get => _first; set { _first = value; } } public Node Last { get => _last; set { _last = value; } } public bool isEmpty() { return _first == null; } private Node _first; private Node _last; private int N; // 节点的抽象数据类型 public class Node { public T val; public Node next; public Node(T val) { this.val = val; } } public void AddFirst(T val) { // it doesn't matter whether the first is null Node oldFirst = _first; _first = new Node(val); _first.next = oldFirst; N++; if (N == 1) { _last = _first; } } public void AddLast(T val) { // it doesn't matter whether the last is null Node oldLast = _last; _last = new Node(val); _last.next = null; N++; if (N == 1) { _first = _last; } else oldLast.next = _last; } // make the class iterable public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { Node current = _first; while (current != null) { yield return current.val; current = current.next; } }
循环链表:
public class RecycleLinkList<Tval> : IEnumerable { public class Node { public Tval val; public Node next; public Node(Tval val) { this.val = val; } } private Node _first; private Node _last; private int _n; public Node First { set => _first = value; get => _first; } public Node Last { set => _last = value; get => _last; } public bool IsEmpty() { return _first == null; } public int Size() { return _n; } public void Add(Tval val) { Node oldLast = _last; _last = new Node(val); if (IsEmpty()) { _first = _last; } else { oldLast.next = _last; } _n++; // 与单向链表唯一的不同,多了下面这行代码 // last.next = null; _last.next = _first; } public IEnumerator GetEnumerator() { Node current = _first; while (current != null) { yield return current.val; current = current.next; } } }
双向循环链表:
可实现任意插入和删除操作, 与单向链表相比多了一个向前的指向。
public class DoubleRecycleLinkedList<Tval> { public class Node { public Tval Val { set; get; } public Node Next { set; get; } public Node Prev { set; get; } public Node(Tval val, Node prev, Node next) { this.Val = val; this.Prev = prev; this.Next = next; } } private Node _first; private Node _last; private int _size; public DoubleRecycleLinkedList() { _first = new Node(default(Tval), null, null); _first.Prev = _first; _first.Next = _first; _size = 0; } public int Size() => _size; public bool IsEmpty() => _size == 0; // search by index private Node GetNode(int index) { if (index < 0 || index >= _size) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("the index overflow or the linkedList is null"); } // choose lookup mehtod by compare the index with _size/2 (save a lot of times) // forward lookup if (index < _size/2) { Node current = _first.Next; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) { current = current.Next; } return current; } // reverse lookup Node rnode = _first.Prev; int rindex = _size - index - 1; for (int i = 0; i < rindex; i++) { rnode = rnode.Prev; } return rnode; } public Tval Get(int index) => GetNode(index).Val; // add node before the index public void InsertPrev(int index, Tval t) { if (_size < 1 || index >= _size) { throw new Exception("index overflow"); } if (index == 0) { InsetAfter(_size, t); } else { Node inode = GetNode(index); Node tnode = new Node(t, inode.Prev, inode); inode.Prev.Next = tnode; _size++; } } // add node after the index public void InsetAfter(int index, Tval t) { Node inode; if (index == 0) { inode = _first; } else { // 此处代码可能有误, 无需用 index - 1 , 直接用index 即可 //index = index - 1; if (index < 0) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("位置不存在"); } inode = GetNode(index); } Node tnode = new Node(t, inode, inode.Next); inode.Next.Prev = tnode; inode.Next = tnode; _size++; } public void Del(int index) { Node inode = GetNode(index); inode.Prev.Next = inode.Next; inode.Next.Prev = inode.Prev; _size--; } public void ShowAll() { for (int i = 0; i < _size; i++) { Console.WriteLine(Get(i)); } }