SpringCloud微服务框架搭建

SpringCloud微服务框架搭建

 

 

 

以上是我的springcloud项目,eureka是注册中心,ribbon和feign都是cloud的rpc远程调用。

 

首先先创建空项目Empty Project

 

 

一、注册中心Eureka

1.创建基于web的Maven项目(springcloud)
2.创建服务注册中心。在springcloud项目中创建SpringBoot项目(springboot):

选中项目右击–>New–>Module

 

 

勾选Cloud Discovery–>Eureka server。以方便导包。

3.编写springboot项目

3.1 pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.cy</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-server</name>
    <description>Eureka Server project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

网上很多用spring cloud starter eureka server 但是官方弃用了,这里使用 spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server

3.2修改application.yml文件

server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
  client:
    registerWithEureka: false
    fetchRegistry: false
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka

registerWithEureka 和 fetchRegistry 设置为false,表明自己属于服务中心主体
为什么要用yml文件?而不是xml或properties文件?
说明:xml或properties文件都是以标签来配置数据,这样就造成了资源的浪费,不利于我们开发大型项目,而yml(yaml)文件则取消了这样的配置,文件中都是以数据为中心,层级结构以空格作为层级分隔符。使数据得到突出,简化了开发,同时占用的资源也更少。

3.3编写启动类SpringbootApplication.java

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

添加@EnableEurekaServer,该注解表明标注类是一个Eureka Server。

4.启动项目

在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8761/

 

二、 服务提供者

创建一个服务提供者 (eureka client),当client向server注册时,它会提供一些元数据,例如主机和端口,URL,主页等。Eureka server 从每个client实例接收心跳消息。 如果心跳超时,则通常将该实例从注册server中删除。

 

1 创建项目service-support

略,和上文相似,pom文件和yml配置见下文

2、配置

2.1 引入maven依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.cy</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-support</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-support</name>
    <description>Service Support project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

 

2.2 application.yml配置

server:
  port: 8762
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: service-support

 

2.3 加注解@EnableEurekaClient

表明自己是一个eurekaclient.

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ServiceSupportApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try{
            SpringApplication.run(ServiceSupportApplication.class, args);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

2.4 创建controller

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Value("${server.port}")
    String port;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/support",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String home(@RequestParam String name)
    {
        return "hi " + name + ",i am from port:" + port;
    }
}

 

2.5演示效果

需要指明spring.application.name,这个很重要,这在以后的服务与服务之间相互调用一般都是根据这个name 。 启动工程,打开http://localhost:8761 ,即eureka server 的网址

 

 

你会发现一个服务已经注册在服务中了,服务名为SERVICE-SUPPORT ,端口为8762(上图是因为我启动了两次,不同端口)
这时打开 http://localhost:8762/support?name=forezp ,你会在浏览器上看到 :
hi forezp,i am from port:8762

 

三、 服务消费者(Feign)

什么是Feign Feign是一个声明式的伪Http客户端,它使得写Http客户端变得更简单。使用Feign,只需要创建一个接口并注解。 它具有可插拔的注解特性,可使用Feign 注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。 Feign默认集成了Ribbon,并和Eureka结合,默认实现了负载均衡的效果。 简而言之: Feign 采用的是基于接口的注解 Feign 整合了ribbon

1准备工作

启动eureka-server,端口为8761; 启动service-support 两次,端口分别为8762 、8773.

2新建一个spring-boot工程,

取名为serice-feign,代码如下:

2.1 编辑pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.cy</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-feign</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-feign</name>
    <description>Service-feign project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

 

2.2 application.yml配置

在工程的配置文件application.yml文件,指定程序名为service-feign,端口号为8765,服务注册地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/ ,代码如下:

server:
  port: 8765
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring:
  application:
    name: service-feign

 

2.3定义一个feign接口

/**绑定service-support服务,调用该服务的support方法*/
@FeignClient(value = "service-support")
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/support", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

  

2.4一个”/hi”的API接口

@RestController
public class HiController {
    @Autowired
    SchedualServiceHi schedualServiceHi;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return schedualServiceHi.sayHiFromClientOne(name);
    }
}

 

2.5启动方式

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ServiceFeignApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceFeignApplication.class, args);
    }

}

 

2.6演示效果

启动程序,多次访问http://localhost:8765/hi?name=forezp(http://localhost:8765/hi?name=forezp),浏览器交替显示:

hi forezp,i am from port:8762 hi forezp,i am from port:8763

四、Ribbon

1、创建springboot项目,命名service-ribbon

2、编辑pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.4</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.cy</groupId>
    <artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>service-ribbon</name>
    <description>Service-ribbon project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3、yml文件

server:
  port: 8764
spring:
  application:
    name: service-ribbon
eureka:
  client:
    registerWithEureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

 

4、启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    }

 

5、controller和service

@RestController
public class HelloControler {
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name)
    {
        return helloService.hiService(name);
    }

}




@Service
public class HelloService {
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;
    public String hiService(String name)
    {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-support/"+"support?name=" + name, String.class);
    }

}

 

6、访问

localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp

 

 

 

 

 

踩坑记录:配置负载均衡ribbon,在加入@LoadBalanced启动后就报错No instances available for service-support

spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client 3.0版本的已经内置ribbon了,所以我们导入的spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon会与之冲突,这里去掉spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon就解决了

参考博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangpaipilot/articles/14372787.html

五、Hystrix断路器

在微服务架构中,根据业务来拆分成一个个的服务,服务与服务之间可以相互调用(RPC),在Spring Cloud可以用RestTemplate+Ribbon和Feign来调用。为了保证其高可用,单个服务通常会集群部署。由于网络原因或者自身的原因,服务并不能保证100%可用,如果单个服务出现问题,调用这个服务就会出现线程阻塞,此时若有大量的请求涌入,Servlet容器的线程资源会被消耗完毕,导致服务瘫痪。服务与服务之间的依赖性,故障会传播,会对整个微服务系统造成灾难性的严重后果,这就是服务故障的“雪崩”效应。
为了解决这个问题,业界提出了断路器模型。
7.1 什么是Hystrix
Netflix开源了Hystrix组件,实现了断路器模式,SpringCloud对这一组件进行了整合。 在微服务架构中,一个请求需要调用多个服务是非常常见的,如下图:


image.png
 

较底层的服务如果出现故障,会导致连锁故障。当对特定的服务的调用的不可用达到一个阀值(Hystric 是5秒20次) 断路器将会被打开。


image.png
 

断路打开后,可用避免连锁故障,fallback方法可以直接返回一个固定值。

准备工作

这篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,首先启动上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762。
在ribbon使用断路器
改造serice-ribbon 工程的代码,首先在pox.xml文件中加入spring-cloud-starter-hystrix的起步依赖:

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

 

改造service
改造HelloService类,在hiService方法上加上@HystrixCommand注解。该注解对该方法创建了熔断器的功能,并指定了fallbackMethod熔断方法,熔断方法直接返回了一个字符串,字符串为”hi,”+name+”,sorry,error!”,代码如下:


@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
//断路器,远程调用失败的回调函数
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
public String hiService(String name)
{
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://service-support/"+"support?name=" + name, String.class);
}

public String hiError(String name) {
return "hi," + name + ",sorry,error!";
}

}

在启动类上加入

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix   //断路器
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate()
    {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    }

把service-support服务停掉,然后测试

演示效果

 

 

源码地址:https://github.com/yao5758/spring-cloud-parent-demo.git
posted @ 2022-03-20 16:41  冯虚御风,不知所止  阅读(1995)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报