使用Maven创建一个Spring MVC Web 项目
使用Maven创建java web 项目(Spring MVC)用到如下工具:
1、Maven 3.2
2、IntelliJ IDEA 13
3、JDK 1.7
4、Spring 4.1.1 released
5、Tomcat7
6、Logback 1.0.13 日志输出组件
接下来开始演示如何用Maven模板创建web项目
1、使用maven-archetype-webapp模板快速创建web项目的骨架结构
打开控制台，进入到你想要创建web项目的目录，然后运行如下命令：
1 $ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.yanyd 2 -DartifactId=CounterWebApp 3 -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp 4 -DinteractiveMode=false
一个名为CounterWebApp的项目就被创建起来了，标准的web目录结构就会被自动创建，结构如下：
1 |____CounterWebApp 2 | |____pom.xml 3 | |____src 4 | | |____main 5 | | | |____resources 6 | | | |____webapp 7 | | | | |____index.jsp 8 | | | | |____WEB-INF 9 | | | | | |____web.xml
源码包java/com/yanyd并不会自动创建，需要我们自己手动创建，然后将在IDEA中将该目录变成src目录。
2、使用命令mvn idea:idea 把该项目变成IDEA支持的项目，然后导入中IDEA中进行编程。
接下来要在pom.xml文件中配置项目依赖的文件和编译、部署插件，内容如下：
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 2 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 4 <groupId>com.yanyd</groupId> 5 <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId> 6 <packaging>war</packaging> 7 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> 8 <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name> 9 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 10 <properties> 11 <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version> 12 <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version> 13 <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> 14 <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> 15 <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version> 16 <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version> 17 </properties> 18 <dependencies> 19 <dependency> 20 <groupId>junit</groupId> 21 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 22 <version>${junit.version}</version> 23 <scope>test</scope> 24 </dependency> 25 26 <!--spring core--> 27 <dependency> 28 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 29 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> 30 <version>${spring.version}</version> 31 <exclusions> 32 <exclusion> 33 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> 34 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> 35 </exclusion> 36 </exclusions> 37 </dependency> 38 39 <dependency> 40 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 41 <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> 42 <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version> 43 </dependency> 44 45 <dependency> 46 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> 47 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> 48 <version>${logback.version}</version> 49 </dependency> 50 51 <dependency> 52 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 53 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> 54 <version>${spring.version}</version> 55 </dependency> 56 57 <dependency> 58 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 59 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> 60 <version>${spring.version}</version> 61 </dependency> 62 63 <!-- jstl --> 64 <dependency> 65 <groupId>jstl</groupId> 66 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> 67 <version>${jstl.version}</version> 68 </dependency> 69 70 </dependencies> 71 <build> 72 <!--最终生成的war文件名--> 73 <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName> 74 <plugins> 75 76 <!-- Set JDK Compiler Level --> 77 <plugin> 78 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 79 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 80 <version>3.2</version> 81 <configuration> 82 <source>${jdk.version}</source> 83 <target>${jdk.version}</target> 84 </configuration> 85 </plugin> 86 87 <!-- For Maven Tomcat Plugin --> 88 <plugin> 89 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> 90 <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> 91 <version>2.2</version> 92 <configuration> 93 <!--Deploy to server--> 94 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url> 95 <server>Tomcat7Server</server> 96 <path>/CounterWebApp</path> 97 </configuration> 98 </plugin> 99 </plugins> 100 </build> 101 </project>
3、编写源文件，测试Spring MVC框架是否正常，最终的文件结构如下：
1 |____pom.xml 2 |____src 3 | |____main 4 | | |____java 5 | | | |____com 6 | | | | |____yanyd 7 | | | | | |____controller 8 | | | | | | |____BaseController.java 9 | | |____resources 10 | | | |____logback.xml 11 | | |____webapp 12 | | | |____WEB-INF 13 | | | | |____mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml 14 | | | | |____pages 15 | | | | | |____index.jsp 16 | | | | |____web.xml
开始写Spring MVC控制类，BaseController.java:
1 package com.yanyd.controller; 2 3 import org.slf4j.Logger; 4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 6 import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; 7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; 8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; 10 11 /** 12 * Created by Administrator on 15-1-31. 13 */ 14 /*There must be a Controller annotation or the application will doesn't work .*/ 15 @Controller 16 public class BaseController { 17 private static int counter=0; 18 private static final String VIEW_INDEX="index"; 19 private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseController.class); 20 21 @RequestMapping(value = "/" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) 22 public String welcome(ModelMap model){ 23 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome"); 24 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter); 25 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter); 26 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp 27 } 28 29 @RequestMapping(value = "/{name}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET) 30 public String welcome(@PathVariable String name , ModelMap model){ 31 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome "+name); 32 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter); 33 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter); 34 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp 35 } 36 }
有一点要注意的就是Controller注解一定写，否则部署后访问时会出现404，一直找不到问题在哪！
接着写Spring的配置文件，mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml:
1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 2 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation=" 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 9 10 <context:component-scan base-package="com.yanyd.controller"/> 11 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 12 <property name="prefix"> 13 <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> 14 </property> 15 <property name="suffix"> 16 <value>.jsp</value> 17 </property> 18 </bean> 19 </beans>
最后要在web.xml文件中把Spring框架集成进来并配置监听器：
1 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 4 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 5 version="2.5"> 6 7 <display-name>Counter Web Application </display-name> 8 9 <servlet> 10 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 11 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 12 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 13 </servlet> 14 <servlet-mapping> 15 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 16 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 17 </servlet-mapping> 18 19 <context-param> 20 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 21 <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> 22 </context-param> 23 24 <listener> 25 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 26 </listener> 27 </web-app>
为了避免我们的jsp文件被直接访问，需要在WEB-INF目录下创建一个pages目录，并把jsp文件放入里面，index.jsp内容如下：
1 <html> 2 <body> 3 <h1>Maven + Spring MVC Web Project Example</h1> 4 <h2>Hello World!</h2> 5 <h3>Message:${message}</h3> 6 <h3>Counter:${counter}</h3> 7 </body> 8 </html>
为了让日志输出组件起作用，还需在resources目录下创建一个日志输出的配置文件logback.xml：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <configuration> 3 4 <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> 5 <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout"> 6 7 <Pattern> 8 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n 9 </Pattern> 10 11 </layout> 12 </appender> 13 14 <logger name="com.yanyd.controller" level="debug" 15 additivity="false"> 16 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> 17 </logger> 18 19 <root level="error"> 20 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> 21 </root> 22 23 </configuration>
4、部署web项目
方法1：mvn package，把生成的war文件部署到tomcat里。
方法2：mvn idea:idea，把项目转成支持IDEA的项目后直接在IDEA中部署。
方法3：mvn tomcat:run，如果已经在pom文件里配置了tomcat部署插件，直接运行该命令，会把项目部署到8080端口。
5、访问项目
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/yanyd
如果内容正常输出，那么就是部署成功，项目结构也没问题！
