linux运维、架构之路-cobbler无人值守

一、cobbler介绍

          Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等

1、主要功能：
①Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用
②Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理
③Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack

2、Cobbler可管理的服务

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

二、Cobbler部署配置

1、环境

[root@cobbler ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@cobbler ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
[root@cobbler ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@cobbler ~]# getenforce 
Disabled
[root@cobbler ~]# hostname -I
10.0.0.121 172.16.1.121

2、安装Cobbler

CentOS6安装
yum localinstall Django14-1.4.21-1.el6.noarch.rpm -y
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
#说明：yum源里已经去除了Diango的下载源
CentOS7安装
yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd

#CentOS7安装cobbler文档#
https://github.com/congto/cobbler-1

3、启动Cobbler服务

[root@cobbler ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@cobbler ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

4、检查Cobbler配置

[root@cobbler tools]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
6 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist
7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
#只需一步一步解决上面出现的问题即可，然后重启Cobbler

5、解决Cobbler问题

cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.bak} #备份Cobbler主配置文件

sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.121/' /etc/cobbler/settings 
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.121/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings #使用cobbler管理dhcp
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings #防止有些机子第一启动是pxe循环重装系统，此处设置为只能装一次
sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#\1\"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'cobbler' '123456'`\"#" /etc/cobbler/settings #设置系统的默认密码为123456
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

6、配置Cobbler的dhcp模板

sed -i 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
#修改过后内容如下：
……
subnet 172.16.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        172.16.1.100 172.16.1.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
……

[root@cobbler tools]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]
Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@cobbler tools]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
Stopping cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]
Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]
[root@cobbler tools]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

7、同步Cobbler配置

[root@cobbler tools]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-11-07_145244_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Nov  7 14:52:44 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
#再次检查cobbler
[root@cobbler tools]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. #问题解决完毕

8、此时打开浏览器输入

三、使用Cobbler的web页面实现自动化安装系统

1、导入镜像

[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2        19G  1.6G   16G   9% /
tmpfs           931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   35M  146M  19% /boot
/dev/sr0        3.7G  3.7G     0 100% /mnt

通过rsync导入镜像

[root@cobbler ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync
root       2087   1599 18 16:57 ?        00:00:05 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.9-x86_64 --progress
root       2088   2087  0 16:57 ?        00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.9-x86_64 --progress
root       2089   2088 13 16:57 ?        00:00:03 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.9-x86_64 --progress
root       2106   1256  0 16:58 pts/1    00:00:00 grep rsync

 导入完成之后

2、创建ks文件

3、定制系统

根据机器的mac地址固定ip地址

eth1

eth0

CentOS7，修改网卡名

保存

4、新建空白虚拟机测试

休息片刻，一会儿回来查看结果

 

4、CentOS6与CentOS7的ks.cfg文件

CentOS6.9

# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 6.9 by yan xinjiang
install
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
$SNIPPET('network_config')
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=200
part swap --size=1024
part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --asprimary --size=200
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot

%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
%end

CentOS7.2

# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.2 by yan xinjiang
install
url --url=$tree
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024
part swap --size 1024
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
htop
wget
vim
bash-completion
net-tools
iptraf
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
screen
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o  /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
%end