npoi批量导入实现及相关技巧

　　批量导入功能对于大部分后台系统来说都是不可或缺的一部分，常见的场景-基础数据的录入(部门，用户)，用批量导入方便快捷。最近项目需要用到批量导入，决定花点时间写套比较通用的Excel导入功能。经过考虑，最终的实现需要达到

1.不同业务导入无需考虑npoi相关操作，只需要关注自己的业务逻辑，这里的业务逻辑最重要的两点(数据校验和数据保存)

　 2.导入异常(模板不匹配,数据填写错误...)，提醒信息准确精细，达到帮助用户修正数据的目地

在线体验地址：http://tm.myscloud.cn:9000，最终实现效果

导入成功

导入失败

阅读目录

设计流程图
代码实现
npoi生成下拉框两种方式比较
总结

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设计流程图

　　　本文使用的npoi版本：1.2.5，可以nuget下载相应包。系统相关流程和重要类的类图如下。

设计原则:

1.通用操作与业务无关代码在基类里面实现

2.对于个性化业务可以重写基类方法实现

开发流程：

1.制作Excel导入模版

　 2.添加继承ExcelImport业务导入类

3.在ExcelImportMapper中添加枚举和该业务枚举对应模版路径地址

4.业务导入类重写Type,DictFields，SavaImportData，根据模版决定是否重写GetExportTemplate方法

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代码实现

1.返回导入模版

默认实现，直接根据模版文件路径返回到响应流中

        /// <summary>
        ///返回对应的导出模版数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="FilePath">模版的路径</param>
        /// <param name="s">响应流</param>
        /// <returns>模版MemoryStream</returns>
        public virtual void GetExportTemplate(string FilePath, Stream s)
        {
            byte[] m_buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            int count = 0;
            using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(FilePath))
            {
                do
                {
                    count = fs.Read(m_buffer, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
                    s.Write(m_buffer, 0, count);
                } while (count == BUFFER_SIZE);
            }
        }

个性化实现，比如导出模版有下拉选项

        /// <summary>
        ///返回对应的导出模版数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="FilePath">模版的路径</param>
        /// <param name="s">响应流</param>
        /// <returns>模版MemoryStream</returns>
        public override void GetExportTemplate(string FilePath, Stream s)
        {
            //写入下拉框值 任务状态
            var sheet = NPOIHelper.GetFirstSheet(FilePath);

            string[] taskStatus = GetStatusDict().Keys.ToArray();

            int dataRowIndex = StartRowIndex + 1;
            NPOIHelper.SetHSSFValidation(sheet, taskStatus, dataRowIndex, 3);

            sheet.Workbook.Write(s);
        }

2.导入模版

抽象类提供的导入流程

        /// <summary>
        ///返回对应的导出模版数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ins">导入文件流</param>
        /// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
        /// <param name="userInfo">用户信息</param>
        /// <returns>ImportResult</returns>
        public virtual ImportResult ImportTemplate(Stream ins, string fileName, UserInfo userInfo)
        {
            if (DictFields == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("Excel字段映射及校验缓存字典DictFields空异常");
            }
            //1.读取数据
            ISheet datasheet = null;
            DataTable dt = GetDataFromExcel(ins, out datasheet);

            //2.校验列是否正确
            //相同列数
            int equalCount = (from p in GetColumnList(dt)
                              join q in DictFields.Keys
                              on p equals q
                              select p).Count();
            if (equalCount < DictFields.Keys.Count)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("模版列和规定的不一致,正确的列为（{0}）", string.Join(",", DictFields.Keys)));
            }


            //2.改变列名为英文字段名
            ImportVerify objVerify = null;
            List<string> columns = new List<string>();
            List<string> removeColumns = new List<string>();
            foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
            {
                if (DictFields.TryGetValue(dc.ColumnName, out objVerify))
                {
                    if (objVerify != null)
                    {
                        dc.ColumnName = objVerify.FieldName;
                        columns.Add(objVerify.FieldName);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                removeColumns.Add(dc.ColumnName);
            }
            //3.删除无效列
            foreach (string remove in removeColumns)
            {
                dt.Columns.Remove(remove);
            }

            //4.获取校验所需额外参数
            Dictionary<string, object> extraInfo = GetExtraInfo(columns, dt);

            // 英文字段名到中文列名映射关系
            Dictionary<string, ImportVerify> DictColumnFields = DictFields.Values.ToDictionary(e => e.FieldName, e => e);

            //5.开始校验
            ImportResult result = Verify(dt, datasheet, extraInfo, userInfo, fileName, DictColumnFields);

            if (result.IsSuccess)
            {
                //校验完成后进行数据类型转换
                ImportVerify iv = null;
                Type columnType = null;
                DataTable dtNew = dt.Clone();
                foreach (DataColumn dc in dtNew.Columns)
                {
                    if (DictColumnFields != null && DictColumnFields.TryGetValue(dc.ColumnName, out iv))
                    {
                        if (iv.DataType != null)
                        {
                            columnType = iv.DataType;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            columnType = dc.DataType;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        columnType = typeof(string);
                    }
                    dc.DataType = columnType;
                }
                //复制数据到克隆的datatable里  
                try
                {
                    foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
                    {
                        dtNew.ImportRow(dr);
                    }
                }
                catch { }

                //6.保存数据
                result.ExtraInfo = SaveImportData(dtNew, extraInfo, userInfo);
                result.Message = string.Format("成功导入{0}条数据", dtNew.Rows.Count);
            }
            return result;
        }

抽象类校验流程

        /// <summary>
        /// 校验数据是否正常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt">数据集</param>
        /// <param name="outputStream">输出流</param>
        /// <param name="sheet">数据sheet</param>
        /// <param name="userInfo">用户信息</param>
        /// <param name="fileName">文件名称</param>
        /// <param name="DictColumnFields">英文字段名到中文列名映射关系</param>
        /// <returns>ImportResult</returns>
        public virtual ImportResult Verify(DataTable dt, ISheet sheet, Dictionary<string, object> extraInfo, UserInfo userInfo, string fileName, Dictionary<string, ImportVerify> DictColumnFields)
        {
            IWorkbook wb = sheet.Workbook;
            ImportResult result = new ImportResult();

            string[] arrErrorMsg = null;
            string errorMsg = string.Empty;
            int columnCount = dt.Columns.Count;
            string columnName = string.Empty;
            ImportVerify objVerify = null;
            ImportVerifyParam objVerifyParam = new ImportVerifyParam { DTExcel = dt, CellValue = null, ColName = columnName, ColumnIndex = 0, RowIndex = 0 };
            DataRow row = null;
            object objExtra = null;
            bool isCorrect = true;

            //错误数据行样式
            var cellErrorStyle = NPOIHelper.GetErrorCellStyle(wb);
            ICell errorCell = null;
            IRow sheetRow = null;

            for (int i = 0, rLength = dt.Rows.Count; i < rLength; i++)
            {
                row = dt.Rows[i];
                arrErrorMsg = new string[columnCount];
                for (int j = 0; j < columnCount; j++)
                {
                    columnName = dt.Columns[j].ColumnName;
                    if (DictColumnFields.TryGetValue(columnName, out objVerify))
                    {
                        if (objVerify.VerifyFunc != null)
                        {
                            objVerifyParam.CellValue = row[j];
                            objVerifyParam.ColumnIndex = j;
                            objVerifyParam.RowIndex = i;
                            objVerifyParam.ColName = objVerify.ColumnName;
                            if (extraInfo != null)
                            {
                                extraInfo.TryGetValue(columnName, out objExtra);
                            }
                            arrErrorMsg[j] = objVerify.VerifyFunc(objVerifyParam, objExtra);
                        }
                    }
                }
                errorMsg = string.Join("，", arrErrorMsg.Where(e => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(e)));
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(errorMsg))
                {
                    isCorrect = false;
                    //设置错误信息
                    sheetRow = sheet.GetRow(StartRowIndex + 1 + i);
                    errorCell = sheetRow.GetCell(columnCount);
                    if (errorCell == null)
                    {
                        errorCell = sheetRow.CreateCell(columnCount);
                    }
                    errorCell.CellStyle = cellErrorStyle;
                    errorCell.SetCellValue(errorMsg);
                }
            }

            //输出错误信息模版
            if (!isCorrect)
            {
                sheetRow = sheet.GetRow(StartRowIndex);
                errorCell = sheetRow.GetCell(columnCount);
                if (errorCell == null)
                {
                    errorCell = sheetRow.CreateCell(columnCount);
                }
                ICellStyle copyStyle = sheetRow.GetCell(columnCount - 1).CellStyle;
                ICellStyle style = NPOIHelper.GetErrorHeadCellStyle(wb);
                IFont font = style.GetFont(wb);
                IFont copyfont = copyStyle.GetFont(wb);
                font.FontHeight = copyfont.FontHeight;
                font.FontName = copyfont.FontName;
                style.FillForegroundColor = copyStyle.FillForegroundColor;
                style.BorderBottom = copyStyle.BorderBottom;
                style.BorderLeft = copyStyle.BorderLeft;
                style.BorderRight = copyStyle.BorderRight;
                style.BorderTop = copyStyle.BorderTop;
                errorCell.CellStyle = style;
                errorCell.SetCellValue("错误信息");

                //自适应列宽度
                sheet.AutoSizeColumn(columnCount);
                int width = sheet.GetColumnWidth(columnCount) + 2560;
                sheet.SetColumnWidth(columnCount, width > NPOIHelper.MAX_COLUMN_WIDTH ? NPOIHelper.MAX_COLUMN_WIDTH : width);

                result.Message = ExcelImportHelper.GetErrorExcel(wb, fileName);
            }
            else
            {
                result.IsSuccess = true;
            }
            return result;
        }

业务类保存方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 批量保存数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt">数据</param>
        /// <param name="extraInfo">额外参数</param>
        /// <param name="userInfo">用户信息</param>
        public override object SaveImportData(DataTable dt, Dictionary<string, object> extraInfo, UserInfo userInfo)
        {
            string columnName = string.Empty;
            object objExtra = null;
            Dictionary<string, string> dict = null;
            object objCellValue = null;

            List<string> listAssetsId = new List<string>();
            string strAssetsId = string.Empty;

　　　　　　　//下拉选项text转成Value
            foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
            {
                foreach (DataColumn dc in dt.Columns)
                {
                    columnName = dc.ColumnName;
                    if (extraInfo.TryGetValue(columnName, out objExtra))
                    {
                        dict = objExtra as Dictionary<string, string>;
                        if (dict != null)
                        {
                            objCellValue = dr[columnName];
                            if (!ExcelImportHelper.ObjectIsNullOrEmpty(objCellValue))
                            {
                                dr[columnName] = dict[objCellValue.ToString()];
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            try
            {
                //保存任务数据
                List<TaskUtil> list = dt.ToList<TaskUtil>();
                foreach (var item in list)
                {
                    TaskHelper.SaveTask(item);
                }
                return dt;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

3.前端代码封装

上传插件基于百度的webuploader插件，带进度条效果不错

模版下载方法

    /*
    * 功能：    根据业务类型下载导入数据得模版文件
    * 参数：    type：业务类型 取值参照 Ywdsoft.Utility.Excel.ExcelImportType 枚举
    * 返回值：  无
    * 创建人：  焰尾迭
    * 创建时间：2016-08-19
    */
    DownloadExcelTemplate: function (type) {
        if (type == "undefined") {
            return;
        }
        var param = { type: type };
        $.download("/Excel/DownLoadTemplate", param, "get");
    },

模版上传

/*
    * 功能：    根据业务类型下载导入数据的模版文件
    * 参数：    options：
                {
                    type:业务类型, 取值参照 Ywdsoft.Utility.Excel.ExcelImportType 枚举
                    Ext:可导入文件类型,
                    ReturnDetailData:是否返回详细数据
                    after:function(){}//回调函数
                }
    * 返回值：  无
    * 创建人：  焰尾迭
    * 创建时间：2016-08-22
    */
    ImportExcelTemplate: function (options) {
        if ($.isPlainObject(options)) {
            var defaults = {
                ReturnDetailData: 0
            };

            var param = $.extend({}, defaults, options);

            if (param.type != "undefined") {
                //加载样式和js文件
                $.loadFile("/Content/Css/plugins/webuploader/webuploader.css");
                $.loadFile("/Content/Scripts/plugins/webuploader/webuploader.min.js");
                if (!WebUploader.Uploader.support()) {
                    var error = "上传控件不支持您的浏览器！请尝试升级flash版本或者使用Chrome引擎的浏览器。<a target='_blank' href='http://www.chromeliulanqi.com'>下载页面</a>";
                    if (window.console) {
                        window.console.log(error);
                    }
                    return;
                }

                var id = "ImportExcelTemplate{0}".format(param.type);
                var modal = $("#" + id);
                $(modal).remove();
                var html =
                    '<div class="modal" id="{0}">'.format(id) +
                        '<div class="modal-dialog">' +
                            '<div class="modal-content">' +
                                '<div class="modal-header">' +
                                    '<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button>' +
                                    '<h4 class="modal-title">Excel导入</h4>' +
                                '</div>' +
                                '<div class="modal-body">' +
                                    '<div id="uploader" class="wu-example">' +
                                        '<p style="font-weight:bold;">导入说明:</p><p class="pt5">导入文件为EXCEL格式，请先下载模板进行必要信息填写，模板下载<a href="javascript:;" onclick="$.DownloadExcelTemplate(\'{0}\')">请点击这里</a>！</p>'.format(param.type) +
                                        '<div id="thelist" class="uploader-list"></div>' +
                                        '<div class="uploader-wrap clearfix pb20">' +
                                        '<input type="text" readonly class="form-control input-sm mr5 upload-file-name" style="width:300px;" />' +
                                        '<div id="picker">选择文件</div>' +
                                        '<button id="ctlBtn" class="btn btn-white btn-sm btn-start-uploader ml5" style="display:none;">开始上传</button>' +
                                        '</div>'
                '</div>' +
            '</div></div></div></div>';
                $(html).appendTo("body");
                modal = $("#" + id);
                var postData = { type: param.type, FunctionCode: param.FunctionCode, ReturnDetailData: param.ReturnDetailData };
                var uploader = WebUploader.create({
                    swf: '/Content/Scripts/plugins/webuploader/Uploader.swf',
                    server: '/Excel/ImportTemplate?' + $.param(postData),
                    pick: '#picker',
                    accept: {
                        title: 'excel',
                        extensions: 'xls',
                        mimeTypes: 'application/msexcel'
                    },
                    resize: false,
                    fileSingleSizeLimit: 10 * 1024 * 1024,//10M
                    duplicate: true
                });

                $("#ctlBtn").on('click', function () {
                    uploader.upload();
                });

                // 当有文件被添加进队列的时候
                uploader.on('fileQueued', function (file) {
                    $("#thelist").html('<div id="' + file.id + '" class="item">' +
                        '<div class="state"></div>' +
                    '</div>');
                    $(".upload-file-name").val(file.name);
                    $(".btn-start-uploader").show();
                });

                // 文件上传过程中创建进度条实时显示。
                uploader.on('uploadProgress', function (file, percentage) {
                    var $li = $('#' + file.id),
                        $percent = $li.find('.progress .progress-bar');

                    // 避免重复创建
                    if (!$percent.length) {
                        $percent = $('<div class="progress progress-striped active">' +
                          '<div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" style="width: 0%">' +
                          '</div>' +
                        '</div>').appendTo($li).find('.progress-bar');
                    }

                    $li.find('.state').text('上传中');

                    $percent.css('width', percentage * 100 + '%');
                    $(".upload-file-name").val("");
                    $(".btn-start-uploader").hide();
                });

                uploader.on('uploadSuccess', function (file, response) {
                    if (response.IsSuccess) {
                        $('#' + file.id).find('.state').html('<span class="label label-success">' + response.Message + '</span>');
                        if ($.isFunction(param.after)) {
                            param.after(response, modal);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (response.Message.indexOf("http://") >= 0) {
                            $('#' + file.id).find('.state').html("上传的数据中存在错误数据，请点击<a class='red' href='{0}' target='_blank'>下载错误数据</a>！".format(response.Message));
                        } else {
                            $('#' + file.id).find('.state').html('<span class="label label-danger" title="' + response.Message + '">' + response.Message + '</span>');
                        }
                    }


                });

                uploader.on('uploadError', function (file, response) {
                    console.log(response);
                    $('#' + file.id).find('.state').text('上传出错');
                });

                uploader.on('uploadComplete', function (file) {
                    $('#' + file.id).find('.progress').fadeOut(200);
                });

                modal.modal('show');
            }
        }
    }

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npoi生成下拉框两种方式比较

在使用npoi操作excel生成下拉框过程中遇到了问题，花了大半天时间才解决，下面介绍一下如何使用npoi生成下拉框，并且对比两种生成下拉框方式的优劣势。

方式一：

    //下拉框应用区域，起始行截止行 起始列截止列
    CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow, endRow, firstCol, endCol);
    //下拉选项数组
    DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.CreateExplicitListConstraint(textlist);
    HSSFDataValidation dataValidate = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
    sheet.AddValidationData(dataValidate);

该方式使用简单几行代码即可搞定，缺点是所有选项字符大于255时会报异常，异常信息如下

String literals in formulas can't be bigger than 255 Chars ASCII"

异常验证方式

string[] textlist = new string[50];
for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++)
        {
            textlist[i] = "好好学习天天向上";
        }

方式二：先创建一个Sheet专门用于存储下拉项的值，并将各下拉项的值写入其中

        /// <summary>
        /// 设置某些列的值只能输入预制的数据,显示下拉框
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sheet">要设置的sheet</param>
        /// <param name="textlist">下拉框显示的内容</param>
        /// <param name="firstRow">开始行</param>
        /// <param name="endRow">结束行</param>
        /// <param name="firstCol">开始列</param>
        /// <param name="endCol">结束列</param>
        /// <returns>设置好的sheet</returns>
        public static ISheet SetHSSFValidation(ISheet sheet,
                string[] textlist, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol,
                int endCol)
        {
            IWorkbook workbook = sheet.Workbook;
            if (endRow > sheet.LastRowNum)
            {
                endRow = sheet.LastRowNum;
            }
            ISheet hidden = null;

            string hiddenSheetName = "hidden" + sheet.SheetName;
            int hIndex = workbook.GetSheetIndex(hiddenSheetName);
            if (hIndex < 0)
            {
                hidden = workbook.CreateSheet(hiddenSheetName);
                workbook.SetSheetHidden(sheet.Workbook.NumberOfSheets - 1, SheetState.HIDDEN);
            }
            else
            {
                hidden = workbook.GetSheetAt(hIndex);
            }

            IRow row = null;
            ICell cell = null;
            for (int i = 0, length = textlist.Length; i < length; i++)
            {
                row = hidden.GetRow(i);
                if (row == null)
                {
                    row = hidden.CreateRow(i);
                }
                cell = row.GetCell(firstCol);
                if (cell == null)
                {
                    cell = row.CreateCell(firstCol);
                }
                cell.SetCellValue(textlist[i]);
            }

            // 加载下拉列表内容  
            string nameCellKey = hiddenSheetName + firstCol;
            IName namedCell = workbook.GetName(nameCellKey);
            if (namedCell == null)
            {
                namedCell = workbook.CreateName();
                namedCell.NameName = nameCellKey;
                namedCell.RefersToFormula = string.Format("{0}!${1}$1:${1}${2}", hiddenSheetName, NumberToChar(firstCol + 1), textlist.Length);
            }
            DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.CreateFormulaListConstraint(nameCellKey);

            // 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上,四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列  
            CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow, endRow, firstCol, endCol);
            // 数据有效性对象  
            HSSFDataValidation validation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
            //// 取消弹出错误框
            //validation.ShowErrorBox = false;
            sheet.AddValidationData(validation);
            return sheet;
        }