hive 有两种启动方式，一种是 bin/hive，一种是 hiveserver2，

bin/hive 是 hive 的 shell 模式，所有任务在 shell 中完成，shell 就相当于 hive cli

 

hive 命令行参数

[root@hadoop10 hive2.3.6]# hive --heip
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable substitution to apply to Hive
                                  commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files
 -H,--help                        Print help information
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable substitution to apply to Hive
                                  commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file
 -S,--silent                      Silent mode in interactive shell
 -v,--verbose                     Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the
                                  console)

 

Hive Batch Mode Commands

-e：不进入 shell，在 linux 命令行执行 sql

[root@hadoop10 hive2.3.6]# hive -e 'select * from hive1.hive_01 limit 10';

注意指定 数据库和数据表

-f：在文件中执行 sql

把 sql 语句写入文件，随便什么文件格式

[root@hadoop10 hive2.3.6]# hive -f sql.sh

 

Hive Interactive Shell Commands

交互命令

Command

Description

quit 
exit

Use quit or exit to leave the interactive shell.

reset

Resets the configuration to the default values (as of Hive 0.10: see HIVE-3202).

set <key>=<value>

Sets the value of a particular configuration variable (key). 
Note: If you misspell the variable name, the CLI will not show an error.

set

Prints a list of configuration variables that are overridden by the user or Hive.

set -v

Prints all Hadoop and Hive configuration variables.

add FILE[S] <filepath> <filepath>*
add JAR[S] <filepath> <filepath>* 
add ARCHIVE[S] <filepath> <filepath>*

Adds one or more files, jars, or archives to the list of resources in the distributed cache. See Hive Resources below for more information.
add FILE[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>* 
add JAR[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>* 
add ARCHIVE[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>*		 As of Hive 1.2.0, adds one or more files, jars or archives to the list of resources in the distributed cache using an Ivy URL of the form ivy://group:module:version?query_string. See Hive Resourcesbelow for more information.

list FILE[S] 
list JAR[S] 
list ARCHIVE[S]

Lists the resources already added to the distributed cache. See Hive Resources below for more information.

list FILE[S] <filepath>* 
list JAR[S] <filepath>* 
list ARCHIVE[S] <filepath>*

Checks whether the given resources are already added to the distributed cache or not. See Hive Resources below for more information.

delete FILE[S] <filepath>* 
delete JAR[S] <filepath>* 
delete ARCHIVE[S] <filepath>*

Removes the resource(s) from the distributed cache.
delete FILE[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>* 
delete JAR[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>* 
delete ARCHIVE[S] <ivyurl> <ivyurl>*

As of Hive 1.2.0, removes the resource(s) which were added using the <ivyurl> from the distributed cache. See Hive Resources below for more information.

! <command>

Executes a shell command from the Hive shell.

dfs <dfs command>

Executes a dfs command from the Hive shell.

<query string>

Executes a Hive query and prints results to standard output.

source <filepath>

Executes a script file inside the CLI.

 

hive cli 操作 hdfs

hive> dfs - ls /;

 

hive cli 操作本地文件

hive> ! ls /usr/lib/hive2.3.6;
bin
binary-package-licenses
conf
examples

 

Hive Resources

参考官网

 

 

参考资料：

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+Cli  官网