在应用泛型中,我们经常使用Dictionary,经常会用到Dictionary到List的转换。
经过各位高人指点后,做出适当调整,以免误人子弟,特此对关注此帖的同仁深表感谢。希望能继续提醒、斧正。
Dictionary转换为List通常方法,可以有五种:
1、创建List的时候,将Dictionary的Value值作为参数
2、创建List后,调用List.AddRange方法
3、建立List,循环Dictionary逐个赋值
4、通过Linq查询,得到结果后调用ToList方法
5、用Dictionary对象自带的ToList方法
但是五种方法如何取舍呢?性能方面哪种更好一点呢?
针对此疑问,特做了测试验证。
测试结果如下:(经过多次测试,取平均值)
/*测试结果(时间为毫秒)
* * =============================================
* * 数据 | 10W | 100W | 1000W
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * 创建集合 | 2 | 28 | 280
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * AddRange | 19 | 33 | 362
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * 循环赋值 | 7 | 60 | 869
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * Linq查询 | 8 | 7 | 238 此没有相关性,只是作为下面ToList方法的参考
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * Linq查询
* * 后ToList | 11 | 97 | 1627
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * ToList方法 | 5 | 23 | 948
* *
* */
通过上述结果,可以得出结论:
结论1:方法1和方法2性能较好,可优先考虑方法1
结论2:TOList方法性能方面稍差,方法4和方法5不可取。
具体测试用例代码如下,如有纰漏,请指出:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace ToListTest
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TestToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// 测试代码
/// </summary>
private static void TestToList()
{
Dictionary<int, Person> dic = new Dictionary<int, Person>();
#region 填充数据
Person p;
for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
p = new Person(i, "P_" + i.ToString());
dic.Add(i, p);
}
#endregion
List<Person> pList;
Stopwatch watcher = new Stopwatch();
#region 创建集合对象时,将集合作为参数
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
pList = new List<Person>(dic.Values);
Console.WriteLine("new List<>\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
#region 调用方法AddRange
pList = new List<Person>();
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
pList.AddRange(dic.Values);
Console.WriteLine("测试AddRange\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
#region 测试循环赋值
pList = new List<Person>();
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
foreach (var item in dic)
{
pList.Add(item.Value);
}
Console.WriteLine("测试循环赋值\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
#region 测试Linq
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
//var list = from temp in dic
// select temp.Value;
//pList = list as List<Person>; //pList 确实为Null,这样操作错误
//原因:
//得到的list为:{System.Linq.Enumerable.WhereSelectEnumerableIterator<KeyValuePair<int,Person>,Person>}
IEnumerable<Person> list = from temp in dic
select temp.Value;
Console.WriteLine("测试Linq\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
#region 测试Linq 需要ToList()
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
pList = (from temp in dic
select temp.Value).ToList();
Console.WriteLine("测试Linq,需要ToList\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
#region 测试ToList
watcher.Reset();
watcher.Start();
pList = dic.Values.ToList<Person>();
Console.WriteLine("测试ToList\t{0}", watcher.ElapsedMilliseconds);
watcher.Stop();
#endregion
/*测试结果(时间为毫秒)
* * =============================================
* * 数据 | 10W | 100W | 1000W
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * 创建集合 | 2 | 28 | 280
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * AddRange | 19 | 33 | 362
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * 循环赋值 | 7 | 60 | 869
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * Linq查询 | 8 | 7 | 238 此没有相关性,只是作为下面ToList方法的参考
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * Linq查询
* * 后ToList | 11 | 97 | 1627
* * ---------------------------------------------
* * ToList方法 | 5 | 23 | 948
* *
* */
}
class Person
{
private int id;
public int ID
{
get { return id; }
set { id = value; }
}
private string name;
public string Name
{
get { return name; }
set { name = value; }
}
public Person(int id, string name)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
}
}
}