Django创建
Pycharm里面Django模块安装及项目创建和启动：
Pycharm里面Django模块安装(也可以指定安装源):
创建Django项目：
注意切换到合适的目录进行安装
diango-admin stratproject myfirstDjango(项目名字)
启动diango项目:
方式一：
命令行启动：
python3 manage.py runserver (可以有下面三种写法)
-python3-manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002
-python3-manage.py runserver 8002
-python3-manage.py runserver
方式二：
pycharm启动：点击绿色箭头
停止就是crl+c
Django项目目录介绍：
settings--django全局配置文件
urls---路由关系
settings文件里面的配置信息：
DEBUG
INSTALLED_APPS---》放app的名字
MIDDLEWARE--》中间件
TEMPLATES---》指定我模板文件放的路径
DATABASES---》指定连接的数据库
静态文件配置：（注意名字不能错）
STATICFILES_DIRS=[
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
]
三件套：
render 模板渲染
HttpResponse 返回字符串
redirect 重定向
templates:html模板目录
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/mycss.css"> </head> <body> <h1>Gjango-templates里面index.html</h1> </body> </html>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>登录页面</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <!--<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/login_submit/" method="post"> 或者action="/login_submit" --> <!--action指定提交到哪个界面，method='post'指定用什么方式提交，一般有数据的用post--> <!--设置为空表示就提交到当前界面--> <form action="" method="post"> <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="name" class="form-control"></p> <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"></p> <p ><input type="submit" class="form-control" value="登录"></p> <!--当用户密码错误时下面增加一条提示信息--> <p class="text-danger text-center">{{ error }}</p> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
urls.py文件：
"""myfirstDjango URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/', views.index), url(r'^login/', views.login), url(r'^login_submit/', views.login_submit), ]
settings.py配置文件：
""" Django settings for myfirstDjango project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/ """ import os # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! SECRET_KEY = 't83)1fjgh1a_mfm9**is^mjpaq0+ds^w4lgzjx0aw48!o1h53&' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! DEBUG = True #测试阶段设置成为true，用于调试，上线后设置成false ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] # Application definition #App建完之后需要手动添加到settings里面： INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', #2种添加方式推荐第二种方式添加 # 'appp01', 'app01.apps.App01Config', ] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ] ROOT_URLCONF = 'myfirstDjango.urls' TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', #指定templates模板的路径 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] #指定服务器用哪个版本的 WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myfirstDjango.wsgi.application' # Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), } } # Password validation # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', }, ] # Internationalization # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/ LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' #这个名字和static里面href="/static/css/mycss.css"是对应的（不一定要和目录文件夹名字一致） STATICFILES_DIRS=[ #指定模板渲染用的文件和样式：例如图片、css、js、bootstrap os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'), #要和右侧分类文件夹的名字一致 ]
views视图：
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect #render 模板渲染 #HttpResponse 返回字符串 # redirect 重定向 import pymysql # Create your views here. def index(request): #request是请求体的一个对象，包含了行首、请求体内容，并且已经在内容进行了切分， print (request.method) #例如：结果就是GET #return HttpResponse(''<h1>Hellw</h1>'') #返回的东西都想响应体里面的 return render(request,'index.html') #对页面进行渲染替换并返回给web端（因为在templates里面添加了模板的路径所以直接访问） def login(request): error='' print(request.POST) if request.method == 'POST': name = request.POST['name'] password = request.POST.get('password',None) conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',password='root',database='test',port=3306) cursor = conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute('select * from user where name=%s and password=%s', [name, password]) user = cursor.fetchone() if user: return HttpResponse('登录成功') else: error = '用户名密码错误' #render参数后面还可以跟个字典，回去找对应html文件里面对应的变量做渲染替换 return render(request,'login.html',{'error':error}) def login_submit(request): print(request.POST) #2种取值方式，推荐用用下那种 name = request.POST['name'] # 推荐用这种 # request.POST 请求体的内容都在里面，字典形式 # <QueryDict: {'name': ['123'], 'password': ['444']}> password = request.POST.get('password',None) if name == 'yangzhizong' and password =='123': #redirect重定向（） return redirect('/index/') return redirect('/login/')
apps:
from django.apps import AppConfig class App01Config(AppConfig): name = 'app01'
安装apps：
方式一：manage.py startapp app01（app项目的名字）
方式二：
orm：对象关系映射
例如：
python代码------》sql
前端：
$("#app")------>document.getEmlementById（‘app’）
优点：
1 sql掌握一般，也可开发程序
2 开发效率高
3 易用，学习曲线短
缺点：
1 sql大神，执行效率高，可能orm 执行效率低
2 有的复杂的sql语句不能运行
