XML文件的序列化和反序列化

XML文件具有轻量级、规范统一、支持跨平台、跨语言、跨操作系统等特点，所以广泛被用来传递和处理数据。而.net中也提供了两种处理XML数据的方法： 

1、XmlDocument方法，操作XmlElement、XmlAttribute等节点。(网上很多，此处不再累述)

2、XmlSerializer序列化对象和反序列化。

本文主要针对第二中方法(实现起来简单方便)，先要引用System.Xml.Serialization，一下步入正题：

利用泛型的特点，写一个用来处理所有类型序列化和反序列化的类SerializaHelper：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SerializaHelper
{
    public class XmlSerializHelper<T>
    {
        //传入T类型对象，序列化成xml
        public static void SerializToXml(string filePath, T obj)
        {
            try
            {
                using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(filePath))
                {
                    XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                    xs.Serialize(sw, obj);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }

        //传入xml，反序列化成T类型的对象
        public static T DeserializFromXml(string filePath)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath))
            {
                return default(T);
            }
            try
            {
                using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(filePath))
                {
                    XmlSerializer xs = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                    return (T)xs.Deserialize(sr);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
    }
}

这是用来处理xml和对象之间转换的类，以一下xml为例来演示将xml转换成对象的过程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<SiteConfig xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">  
  <SiteUrl>http://www.readnovel.com/</SiteUrl>
  <SiteName>小说阅读网</SiteName>  
  <BookList>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>龙牙神兵</Name>      
      <Url>http://www.readnovel.com/partlist/197919.html</Url>
      <Author>烟云公子</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>特种兵在都市</Name>
      <Url>http://www.readnovel.com/partlist/120040.html</Url>
      <Author>夜十三</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>都市之最天才</Name>
      <QidianBookId>http://www.readnovel.com/partlist/193444.html</QidianBookId>
      <Author>十九周年</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>苍天神木诀</Name>
      <Url>http://www.readnovel.com/partlist/196434.html</Url>
      <Author>妖姬天下</Author>
    </BookInfo>
  </BookList>
</SiteConfig>

根据示例xml新建实体类SiteConfig.cs和BookInfo.cs：

namespace XmlSerialzer
{
    [Serializable]
    public class SiteConfig
    {
        //[XmlElement]
        public string SiteUrl { get; set; }

        public string SiteName { get; set; }

        public List<BookInfo> BookList { get; set; }
    }
}

namespace XmlSerialzer
{
    [Serializable]
    public class BookInfo
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string Url { get; set; }

        public string Author { get; set; }
    }
}

转化的过程很简单，只需要调用DeserializFromXml然后指定xml文件的路径即可：

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            SiteConfig siteConfig = XmlSerialzer.SerializaHelper<SiteConfig>.DeserialzFromXml(@"C:\Documents and Settings\hp\桌面\XmlSerialzer\xiaoshuo.xml");

            Console.WriteLine("siteConfig.SiteName:" + siteConfig.SiteName);
            Console.WriteLine("siteConfig.SiteUrl:" + siteConfig.SiteUrl);
            Console.WriteLine("siteConfig.BookList.Count:" + siteConfig.BookList.Count);
        }

输出如下图所示：

将对象序列化成xml也很简单：

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {            
            SiteConfig siteConfig = new SiteConfig()
            {
                BookList = new List<BookInfo>()
                {
                    new BookInfo(){Author="天蚕土豆",Name="武动乾坤",Url="http://www.qidian.com/Book/2048120.aspx"},
                    new BookInfo(){Author="我吃西红柿",Name="莽荒纪",Url="http://www.qidian.com/Book/2502372.aspx"},
                    new BookInfo(){Author="忘语",Name="凡人修仙传",Url="http://www.qidian.com/Book/107580.aspx"}
                },
                SiteName = "起点小说网",
                SiteUrl = "http://www.qidian.com"
            };
            XmlSerialzer.SerializaHelper<SiteConfig>.SerializToXml("MyLoveBook.xml",siteConfig);
        }

查看MyLoveBook.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<SiteConfig xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <SiteUrl>http://www.qidian.com</SiteUrl>
  <SiteName>起点小说网</SiteName>
  <BookList>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>武动乾坤</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/2048120.aspx</Url>
      <Author>天蚕土豆</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>莽荒纪</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/2502372.aspx</Url>
      <Author>我吃西红柿</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>凡人修仙传</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/107580.aspx</Url>
      <Author>忘语</Author>
    </BookInfo>
  </BookList>
</SiteConfig>

xml的结构顺序和SiteConfig中的属性定义的先后顺序一致，且默认情况下，将字段转换成属性(XmlAttribute),现将SiteConfig中的代码稍做修改：

namespace XmlSerialzer
{
    [Serializable]
    public class SiteConfig
    {
        public List<BookInfo> BookList { get; set; }
        
        [XmlAttribute]
        public string SiteUrl { get; set; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public string SiteName { get; set; }        
    }
}

转换成的xml中SiteUrl和SiteName都是SiteConfig的属性，如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<SiteConfig xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" SiteUrl="http://www.qidian.com" SiteName="起点小说网">
  <BookList>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>武动乾坤</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/2048120.aspx</Url>
      <Author>天蚕土豆</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>莽荒纪</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/2502372.aspx</Url>
      <Author>我吃西红柿</Author>
    </BookInfo>
    <BookInfo>
      <Name>凡人修仙传</Name>
      <Url>http://www.qidian.com/Book/107580.aspx</Url>
      <Author>忘语</Author>
    </BookInfo>
  </BookList>
</SiteConfig>

XmlSerializer使得xml和Object对象之间的互相转换变得很容易。

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欢迎指正！