第八篇:Django之图书管理系统的数据增删改查

第八篇:Django之图书管理系统的数据增删改查

一、首页

我们简单创建一个网站,用来实现对图书数据的增删改查。网站的首页如下所示。

本网站的样式使用bootstrap框架进行搭建。

我们点击图书信息,进行页面跳转。

首页代码如下:

  • urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页内容
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
]
  • views.py
# 首页
def home(request):
    return render(request, 'home.html')
  • home.html

    我们使用了模板的继承,使用block进行区域的划分。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>home</title>
    {% load static %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
{#css#}
    <style>
        body {
            background-color: wheat;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

{#导航创建#}
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
        <span class="icon-bar"></span>
      </button>
      <a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'home' %}">图书管理系统</a>
    </div>

    <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
        <li><a href="#">图书<span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
        <li><a href="#">作者</a></li>
        <li class="dropdown">
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">更多操作<span class="caret"></span></a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
      <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
      </form>
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
        <li><a href="#">杨毅</a></li>
        <li class="dropdown">
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">个人信息 <span class="caret"></span></a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
            <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
  </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>

{#导航条以下#}
<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
{#        左侧列表#}
        <div class="col-md-3">
            <div class="list-group">
              <a href="#" class="list-group-item active">
                数据库管理信息
              </a>
              <a href="#" class="list-group-item">首页</a>
              <a href="{% url 'book_list' %}" class="list-group-item">图书信息</a>
              <a href="#" class="list-group-item">作者信息</a>
              <a href="#" class="list-group-item">出版社信息</a>
              <a href="#" class="list-group-item">联系我们</a>
            </div>
        </div>
{#        右侧内容#}
        <div class="col-md-9">
            <div class="panel panel-primary">
              <div class="panel-heading">
                <h3 class="panel-title">信息一览</h3>
              </div>
              <div class="panel-body">
{#                    面板内部#}
                  {% block content %}
                      {#面板内容#}
                    <div class="jumbotron">
                      <h1>亚洲最大的图书系统</h1>
                        <p>我们不生产书,我们只是书的搬运工。</p>
                      <p>在这里,你可以找到你想要所有的书,并且完全免费,只有你想不到,没有你找不到的书。</p>
                      <p><a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="" role="button">进入书籍页面</a></p>
                    </div>
                  {% endblock %}

              </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

{#js#}
{% block js %}

{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

二、书籍展示页面

将mysql中的数据发往前端,并进行一系列操作。

  • urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页内容
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
    # 书籍展示
    url(r'^book/list/', views.book_list, name='book_list'),
]
  • views.py
# 书籍展示页
def book_list(request):
    # 拿到书籍表中的书籍对象
    book_queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'book_list.html', locals())
  • book_list.html

    注意:关于注册时间,数据库中存储的时间需要进行模板语法的格式化才能展示到前端。

{## 继承首页页面#}
{% extends 'home.html' %}

{## 模板修改#}
{% block content %}
<h1 class="text-center">书籍列表</h1>
    {#用来存放搜索栏和添加书籍按钮#}
    <br>
  <div class="row">
     <div class="col-lg-6">
        <div class="input-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search for...">
          <span class="input-group-btn">
            <button class="btn btn-default" type="button">Go!</button>
          </span>
        </div><!-- /input-group -->
      </div><!-- /.col-lg-6 -->
      <div class="col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-2">
          <a href="{% url 'book_add' %}" class="btn btn-success">添加书籍</a>
      </div>
  </div>
    <br>
    <table class="table table-hover table-striped">
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>序号</th>
                <th>书籍</th>
                <th>价格</th>
                <th>出版社</th>
                <th>出版时间</th>
                <th>作者</th>
                <th>操作</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
           {% for book_obj in book_queryset %}
                <tr>
                    <td>
{#                        此处放序号,不用放逐渐#}
                        {{ forloop.counter }}
                    </td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.title }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.price }}</td>
                    <td>{{ book_obj.publish.name }}</td>
{#                前端对数据库传来的数据进行模板语法转换#}
                    <td>{{ book_obj.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}</td>
                    <td>
{#                    all不用加(),模板语法会自动进行识别#}
                        {% for author_obj in book_obj.author.all %}
{#                            进行判断是不是最后一个#}
                            {% if forloop.last %}
                                {{ author_obj.name }}
                            {% else %}
                                {{ author_obj.name }},
                            {% endif %}
                        {% endfor %}
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <a href="{% url 'book_edit' book_obj.pk %}" class="btn btn-warning btn-xs">编辑</a>
                        <a href="{% url 'book_delete' book_obj.pk %}" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs">删除</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
           {% endfor %}
        </tbody>
    </table>
{% endblock %}

三、添加书籍

我们点击添加书籍按钮,进行页面的跳转,如下所示。

相关代码如下;

  • urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页内容
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
    # 书籍展示
    url(r'^book/list/', views.book_list, name='book_list'),
    # 添加书籍
    url(r'^book/add/', views.book_add, name='book_add')
]
  • views.py
# 书籍添加
def book_add(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 拿到出版社查询集【用来让用户进行选择出版社】
        publish_queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
        # 拿到作者查询集【用来让用户进行选择作者】
        author_queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'book_add.html', locals())
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        price = request.POST.get('price')
        publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish_id')
        author_list = request.POST.getlist('author')  # 多选,拿到列表类型
        # 创建书籍对象【返回刚创建的对象】
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.create(
            title=title,
            price=price,
            publish_date=publish_date,
            publish_id=publish_id
        )
        # 书籍 作者虚拟表创建关系
        book_obj.author.add(*author_list)  # 【*】打散
        # 重定向
        return redirect('book_list')
  • book_add.html
{## 继承主页#}
{% extends 'home.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <h1 class="text-center">添加书籍</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        <p>书籍:<input type="text" name="title" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>价格:<input type="text" name="price" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>出版时间:<input type="date" name="publish_date" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>出版社:
            <select name="publish_id" id="" class="form-control">
                {% for publish_obj in publish_queryset %}
{#                  循环出版社对象,如果出版社对象等于书对应的出版社对象#}
                    <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}">{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        <p>作者:
            <select name="author" id="" class="form-control" multiple>
                {% for author_obj in author_queryset %}
                    <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}">{{ author_obj.name }}</option>
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block" value="添加书籍">
    </form>
{% endblock %}

四、编辑数据

我们点击编辑按钮,进行跳转到编辑页面。

  • urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页内容
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
    # 书籍展示
    url(r'^book/list/', views.book_list, name='book_list'),
    # 添加书籍
    url(r'^book/add/', views.book_add, name='book_add'),
    # 编辑书籍
    url(r'^book/edit/(\d+)', views.book_edit, name='book_edit')
]
  • views.py
# 书籍编辑
def book_edit(request, book_id):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        # 根据书籍id拿到书籍对象
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
        # 拿到出版社查询集【用来让用户进行选择出版社】
        publish_queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()
        # 拿到作者查询集【用来让用户进行选择作者】
        author_queryset = models.Author.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'book_edit.html', locals())
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        # 拿到post提交的数据
        # print(request.POST)
        # < QueryDict: {'title': ['《百年寂寞》'], 'price': ['45.80'], 'publish_date': ['2021-05-25'], 'publish': ['北京出版社'],'author': ['3']} >
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        price = request.POST.get('price')
        publish_date = request.POST.get('publish_date')
        publish_id = request.POST.get('publish_id')
        author_list = request.POST.getlist('author')  # 多选,拿到列表类型
        # 修改数据库中的数据
        # 修改书籍表中的数据
        models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).update(
            title=title,
            price=price,
            publish_date=publish_date,
            # 此处传入出版社对象即可
            publish_id=publish_id
        )
        # 修改书籍表和作者表之间的对应关系
        book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).first()
        book_obj.author.set(author_list)
        # 重定向
        return redirect('book_list')
  • book_edit.html
{## 继承主页#}
{% extends 'home.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <h1 class="text-center">编辑数据</h1>
    <form action="" method="post">
        <p>书籍:<input type="text" name="title" value="{{ book_obj.title }}" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>价格:<input type="text" name="price" value="{{ book_obj.price }}" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>出版时间:<input type="date" name="publish_date" value="{{ book_obj.publish_date|date:'Y-m-d' }}" class="form-control"></p>
        <p>出版社:
            <select name="publish_id" id="" class="form-control">
                {% for publish_obj in publish_queryset %}
{#                    循环出版社对象,如果出版社对象等于书对应的出版社对象#}
                    {% if publish_obj == book_obj.publish %}
                        <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}" selected>{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% else %}
                        <option value="{{ publish_obj.pk }}">{{ publish_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        <p>作者:
            <select name="author" id="" multiple class="form-control">
                {% for author_obj in author_queryset %}
{#                    如果作者对象在书籍对应的作者对象里面#}
                    {% if author_obj in book_obj.author.all %}
{#                        因为对应的第三章虚拟表,是通过主键进行添加的,所以传出pk即可#}
                        <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}" selected>{{ author_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% else %}
                        <option value="{{ author_obj.pk }}">{{ author_obj.name }}</option>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
            </select>
        </p>
        编辑书籍:<input type="submit" class="btn btn-warning btn-block" value="编辑书籍">
    </form>
{% endblock %}

五、删除书籍

我们点击删除按钮,书籍直接进行删除。【之后在进行优化(使用ajax进行二次确认)】

代码如下:

  • urls.py
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 首页内容
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
    # 书籍展示
    url(r'^book/list/', views.book_list, name='book_list'),
    # 添加书籍
    url(r'^book/add/', views.book_add, name='book_add'),
    # 编辑书籍
    url(r'^book/edit/(\d+)', views.book_edit, name='book_edit'),
    # 删除数据
    url(r'^book/delete/(\d+)', views.book_delete, name='book_delete'),
]
  • views.py
# 书籍删除
def book_delete(request, book_id):
    # 根据书籍id删除书籍对象
    models.Book.objects.filter(pk=book_id).delete()
    # 重定向
    return redirect('book_list')
posted @ 2021-07-02 18:08  YangYi215  阅读(575)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报