Spring加载resource时classpath*:与classpath:的区别
Spring可以通过指定classpath*:与classpath:前缀加路径的方式从classpath加载文件,如bean的定义文件.classpath*:的出现是为了从多个jar文件中加载相同的文件.classpath:只能加载找到的第一个文件.
比如 resource1.jar中的package 'com.test.rs' 有一个 'jarAppcontext.xml' 文件,内容如下:
<bean name="ProcessorImplA" class="com.test.spring.di.ProcessorImplA" />
resource2.jar中的package 'com.test.rs' 也有一个 'jarAppcontext.xml' 文件,内容如下:
<bean id="ProcessorImplB" class="com.test.spring.di.ProcessorImplB" />
通过使用下面的代码则可以将两个jar包中的文件都加载进来
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "classpath*:com/test/rs/jarAppcontext.xml");
而如果写成下面的代码,就只能找到其中的一个xml文件(顺序取决于jar包的加载顺序)
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "classpath:com/test/rs/jarAppcontext.xml");
classpath*:的使用是为了多个component(最终发布成不同的jar包)并行开发,各自的bean定义文件按照一定的规则:package+filename,而使用这些component的调用者可以把这些文件都加载进来.
classpath*:的加载使用了classloader的 getResources()
方法,如果是在不同的J2EE服务器上运行,由于应用服务器提供自己的classloader实现,它们在处理jar文件时的行为也许会有所不同。 要测试classpath*:
是否有效,可以用classloader从classpath中的jar文件里加载文件来进行测试:getClass().getClassLoader().getResources("<someFileInsideTheJar>")
。(上面的例子是在sun的jre中运行的状态)
从Spring的源码,在PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver类中,我们可以更清楚的了解其对的处理:如果是以classpath*开头,它会遍历classpath.
- protected Resource[] findAllClassPathResources(String location) throws IOException {
- String path = location;
- if (path.startsWith("/")) {
- path = path.substring(1);
- }
- Enumeration resourceUrls = getClassLoader().getResources(path);
- Set<Resource> result = new LinkedHashSet<Resource>(16);
- while (resourceUrls.hasMoreElements()) {
- URL url = (URL) resourceUrls.nextElement();
- result.add(convertClassLoaderURL(url));
- }
- return result.toArray(new Resource[result.size()]);
- }
protected Resource[] findAllClassPathResources(String location) throws IOException { String path = location; if (path.startsWith("/")) { path = path.substring(1); } Enumeration resourceUrls = getClassLoader().getResources(path); Set<Resource> result = new LinkedHashSet<Resource>(16); while (resourceUrls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = (URL) resourceUrls.nextElement(); result.add(convertClassLoaderURL(url)); } return result.toArray(new Resource[result.size()]); }
http://blog.csdn.net/kkdelta/article/details/5560210,简介了在JAVA里遍历classpath中读取找到的所有符合名称的文件.
另外在加载resource的时候,其他前缀的意义如下表所示:注意classpath*只能用与指定配置文件的路径,不能用在用于getResource的参数.如appContext.getResource("classpath*:conf/bfactoryCtx.xml")会异常的.
前缀 | 例子 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
classpath: |
|
从classpath中加载。 |
file: |
|
|
http: |
|
作为 |
(none) |
|
根据 |
从Spring的源码可以看出原因:如果是classpath:开头,从classpath加载,否则尝试URL,如果失败,调用 getResourceByPath
- public Resource getResource(String location) {
- Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");
- if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {
- returnnew ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
- }
- else {
- try {
- // Try to parse the location as a URL...
- URL url = new URL(location);
- returnnew UrlResource(url);
- }
- catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
- // No URL -> resolve as resource path.
- return getResourceByPath(location);
- }
- }
- }
public Resource getResource(String location) { Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null"); if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) { return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader()); } else { try { // Try to parse the location as a URL... URL url = new URL(location); return new UrlResource(url); } catch (MalformedURLException ex) { // No URL -> resolve as resource path. return getResourceByPath(location); } } }
getResourceByPath会被不同ApplicationContext
实现覆盖.
如 GenericWebApplicationContext覆盖为如下:
- protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
- returnnew ServletContextResource(this.servletContext, path);
- }
- 如 FileSystemXmlApplicationContext覆盖为如下:
- protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
- if (path != null && path.startsWith("/")) {
- path = path.substring(1);
- }
- returnnew FileSystemResource(path);
- }
protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) { return new ServletContextResource(this.servletContext, path); } 如 FileSystemXmlApplicationContext覆盖为如下: protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) { if (path != null && path.startsWith("/")) { path = path.substring(1); } return new FileSystemResource(path); }
最终从文件加载的时候仍然是JAVA中常见的读取文件的方法:
如ClassPathResource得到inputstream的方法是利用class loader.
- public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
- InputStream is;
- if (this.clazz != null) {
- is = this.clazz.getResourceAsStream(this.path);
- }
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { InputStream is; if (this.clazz != null) { is = this.clazz.getResourceAsStream(this.path); }
如FileSystemResource得到inputstream的方法是利用FileInputStream.
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { return new FileInputStream(this.file); }
如ServletContextResource得到inputstream的方法是利用servletContext.getResourceAsStream.
- public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
- InputStream is = this.servletContext.getResourceAsStream(this.path);
- if (is == null) {
- thrownew FileNotFoundException("Could not open " + getDescription());
- }
- return is;
- }