C和指针 第八章 习题
8.5矩阵运算,A是一个x行,y列矩阵,B是y行z列矩阵,把A和B相乘,结果是另外一个x行z列矩阵,每个位置的值由下公式决定,编写函数:
#include <stdio.h> void matrix_mutiply(int *m1, int *m2, int *r, int x, int y, int z) { //sum为求和值 int i, j, k, sum; for(i = 0; i < x; i++){ for(j = 0; j < z; j++){ //对i行j列的矩阵求值 for(sum = 0, k = 0; k < y; k++){ //由于m1 m2 r均为一维数组,矩阵上的i 行 j位,对应的一维坐标为 i * 列数 + j sum += m1[ i * y + k ] * m2[ k * z + j ]; } r[i * z + j] = sum; } } } int main() { int m1[6] = { 2, -6, 3, 5, 1, -1 }; int m2[8] = { 4, -2, -4, -5, -7, -3, 6, 7}; int r[12] = {}; matrix_mutiply(m1, m2, r, 3, 2, 4); int x, y; for(x = 0; x < 3; x++){ for(y = 0; y < 4; y++){ printf("%5d\t", r[x * 4 + y]); } printf("\n"); } return 0; }
输出:
8.6 编写函数array_offset,参数array_info数组中,第一个元素表示数组维数,第二个和第三个表示第一维的下标的最小和最大值,以此类推,...参数表示数组下标,函数返回下标对应的元素的的偏移量。
#include <stdarg.h> int array_offset(int array_info[], ...) { int dimension = array_info[0]; //超出维度范围直接返回-1 if(1 > dimension || 10 < dimension){ return -1; } //当前维度和偏移量以及当前下标 int now; int offset; int index; va_list arg; va_start(arg, array_info); //每次进两位,有上下限两个数 for(now = 1, offset = 0; now <= dimension * 2; now += 2){ //获取一个下标值 index = va_arg(arg, int); //和对应的array_info中上下限对比,超过返回-1; if(index < array_info[now] || index > array_info[now + 1]){ return -1; } //之前一维度的偏移量 乘以 维度 加上当前维度的偏移量 offset = offset * (array_info[now + 1] - array_info[now] + 1) + index - array_info[now]; } va_end(arg); return offset; }
#include <stdio.h> #include "function.c" int main() { int array_info[] = {3, 4, 6, 1, 5, -3, 3}; printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 4, 1, -3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 4, 1, 3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 5, 1, -3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 4, 1, -2)); printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 4, 2, -3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset(array_info, 6, 3, 1)); return 0; }
执行结果:
8.7 修改上一题,使左边的下标先变化
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdarg.h> int array_offset2(int array_info[], ...) { int dimension = array_info[0]; //超出维度范围直接返回-1 if(1 > dimension || 10 < dimension){ return -1; } //当前维度和偏移量以及当前下标 int now; int offset; int index; int muti; va_list arg; va_start(arg, array_info); //每次进两位,有上下限两个数 for(now = 1, offset = 0, muti = 1; now <= dimension * 2; now += 2){ //获取一个下标值 index = va_arg(arg, int); //和对应的array_info中上下限对比,超过返回-1; if(index < array_info[now] || index > array_info[now + 1]){ return -1; } //muti是一个乘积,代表一个下标位移要移动的位数。从左到右,越来越大。就是前一个维度的 阶乘 if(now == 1){ muti = 1; }else{ muti *= array_info[now - 1] - array_info[now - 2] + 1; } offset += (index - array_info[now]) * muti; } va_end(arg); return offset; } int main() { int array_info[] = {3, 4, 6, 1, 5, -3, 3}; printf("%d\n", array_offset2(array_info, 4, 1, -3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset2(array_info, 4, 2, -3)); printf("%d\n", array_offset2(array_info, 4, 1, -1)); return 0; }
运行结果:
8.8 八皇后,皇后的攻击范围像米字一样,在8 × 8的棋盘上,放8个皇后。使皇后直接无法相互攻击。
#include <stdio.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 /*在8 * 8棋盘上, 0 代表空位置, 1 代表皇后 函数返回 1 表示(x, y) 安全, 返回 0 表示不安全 */ //从上到下一行一行进行的,所以只要验证x,y的上方就可以了,下方还没有皇后 int safe(int chess[8][8], int x, int y) { int index; for(index = 0; index < 8; index++){ //横向验证 if(chess[x][index]){ return FALSE; } //竖验证 if( index < x && chess[index][y]){ return FALSE; } //左上角验证 if(x >= index && y >= index && chess[x - index][y - index]){ return FALSE; } //右上角验证 if(x >= index && (y + index) < 8 && chess[x - index][y + index]){ return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } //打印棋盘 void print_chess(int chess[8][8]) { int x, y; static int total = 0;; printf("%d\n", ++total); for(x = 0; x < 8; x++){ for(y = 0; y < 8; y++){ printf("%-3d", chess[x][y]); } printf("\n"); } printf("\n"); } //递归查找八皇后 int eight_queen(int chess[8][8], int x) { //每行从左到右一个一个尝试 for(int index = 0; index < 8; index++){ //当此位置可以加入皇后的时候 if(safe(chess, x, index)){ //尝试设置皇后位置 chess[x][index] = 1; //递归查找八皇后,如果是最后一行,找完,打印棋盘 if(x == 7){ print_chess(chess); }else{ eight_queen(chess, x + 1); } } //恢复棋盘,右移一位,再查找皇后位置 chess[x][index] = 0; } } int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { int chess[8][8] = {}; eight_queen(chess, 0); }
运行结果:
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 [Finished in 0.1s]