Netty服务端与客户端(源码一)
首先,整理NIO进行服务端开发的步骤:
(1)创建ServerSocketChannel,配置它为非阻塞模式。
(2)绑定监听,配置TCP参数,backlog的大小。
(3)创建一个独立的I/O线程,用于轮询多路复用器Selector。
(4)创建Selector,将之前创建的ServerSocketChannel注册到Selector上,监听SelectionKeyACCEPT。
(5)启动I/O线程,在循环体中执行Selector.select()方法,轮训就绪的Channel。
(6)当轮询到了处于就绪状态的Channel时,需要对其进行判断,如果是OP_ACCEPT状态,说明是新的客户端接入,则调用ServerSocketChannel.accept()方法接受新的客户端。
(7)设置新接入的客户端链路SocketChannel为非阻塞模式,配置其他的一些TCP参数。
(8)将SocketChannel注册到Selector,监听OP_READ操作位。
(9)如果轮询的Channel为OP_READ,则说明SocketChannel中有新的就绪的数据包需要读取,则构造ByteBuffer对象,读取数据包。
(10)如果轮询的Channel为OP_WRITE,则说明还有数据没有发送完成,需要继续发送。
Netty时间服务器服务端 TimeServer:
1 package netty; 2 3 import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; 5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; 7 import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; 8 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; 9 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; 10 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; 11 12 13 public class TimeServer { 14 15 public void bind(int port) throws Exception{ 16 //配置服务端的NIO线程组 一个用于服务端接收客户端的连接,另一个用于进行SocketChannel的网络读写 17 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 18 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 19 try{ 20 ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); 21 b.group(bossGroup,workerGroup) 22 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) 23 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) 24 .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); 25 //绑定端口,同步等待成功 26 ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); 27 //等待服务器监听端口关闭 28 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 29 }finally{ 30 //优雅退出,释放线程池资源 31 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 32 workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); 33 } 34 } 35 36 private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{ 37 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel arg0) throws Exception{ 38 arg0.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler()); 39 } 40 } 41 }
ServerBootstrap是Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助类,目的是降低服务端的开发难度。
绑定childChannelHandler,其作用类似于Reactor模式中的handler类,主要用于处理网络I/O事件,例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等。
使用bind绑定监听端口,随后,调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成,完成后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture,主要用于异步操作的通知回调。
Netty时间服务器服务端 TimeServerHandler:
1 package netty; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 5 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; 7 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 8 9 public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ 10 11 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,Object msg) throws IOException{ 12 //将msg转换成Netty的ByteBuf对象 13 ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf)msg; 14 //将缓冲区中的字节数组复制到新建的byte数组中, 15 byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; 16 buf.readBytes(req); 17 //获取请求消息 18 String body = new String(req,"UTF-8"); 19 System.out.println("The time server receive order:" + body); 20 //如果是"QUERY TIME ORDER"则创建应答消息 21 String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date( 22 System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER"; 23 ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes()); 24 //异步发送应答消息给客户端 25 ctx.write(resp); 26 } 27 28 public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception{ 29 ctx.flush(); 30 } 31 32 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,Throwable cause){ 33 ctx.close(); 34 } 35 }
相比昨天原生的NIO服务端,代码量大大减少。
Netty时间服务器客户端 TimeClient:
1 package netty; 2 3 import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; 4 import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; 5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; 7 import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; 8 import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; 9 import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; 10 import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; 11 12 public class TimeClient { 13 14 public void connect(int port,String host) throws Exception{ 15 //创建客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup Group线程组 16 EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 17 try{ 18 //创建客户端辅助启动类Bootstrap 19 Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); 20 b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) 21 .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) 22 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>(){ 23 //将ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipleline中,用于处理网络I/O事件 24 @Override 25 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { 26 ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler()); 27 } 28 }); 29 //发起异步连接操作,然后调用同步方法等待连接成功。 30 ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host,port).sync(); 31 32 //等待客户端链路关闭 33 f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); 34 }finally{ 35 //优雅退出,释放NIO线程组 36 group.shutdownGracefully(); 37 } 38 } 39 40 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ 41 int port = 8080; 42 if(args != null && args.length > 0){ 43 try{ 44 port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]); 45 }catch(NumberFormatException e){ 46 //采用默认值 47 } 48 } 49 new TimeClient().connect(port, "127.0.0.1"); 50 } 51 52 }
Netty时间服务器客户端 TimeClientHandler:
1 package netty; 2 3 import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; 4 import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; 5 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; 6 import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; 7 8 import java.util.logging.Logger; 9 10 public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ 11 12 private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); 13 14 private final ByteBuf firstMessage; 15 16 public TimeClientHandler(){ 17 byte[] req = "QUERY TIME ORDER".getBytes(); 18 firstMessage = Unpooled.buffer(req.length); 19 firstMessage.writeBytes(req); 20 } 21 22 //当客户端与服务端TCP链路简历成功后,Netty的NIO线程会调用该方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务器 23 public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx){ 24 //将请求消息发送给服务端 25 ctx.writeAndFlush(firstMessage); 26 } 27 28 //当服务器返回应答消息时,该方法被调用 29 public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,Object msg) throws Exception{ 30 ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg; 31 byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; 32 buf.readBytes(req); 33 String body = new String(req,"UTF-8"); 34 System.out.println("Now is :" + body); 35 } 36 37 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,Throwable cause){ 38 39 //释放资源 40 logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream :" + cause.getMessage()); 41 ctx.close(); 42 } 43 }
运行结果:
Server:
Client: