WebBench
转自:https://blog.csdn.net/z_xiao_xue/article/details/76099899
WebBench的下载安装
1.下载
命令:wget http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/distfiles/webbench-1.5.tar.gz
2.解压缩
命令:tar zxvf webbench-1.5.tar.gz
3.进入webbench目录文件
命令:cd webbench
4.安装
命令1:make
命令2:make install
5.运行
webbench -c 10 -t 20 http://www.baidu.com/
WebBench的主要工作原理
WebBench中各函数的流程及功能
1.build_request()函数------生成HTTP请求
获取请求方法
添加空行
判断URL
获取代理服务器的ip和端口号
获取http版本
2.bench()函数------创建各子进程以发送http请求,并收集统计数据
检测目标服务器是否可以连接,使用connect()
创建一对管道,使用mypipe
创建指定个数的clients的子进程,使用fork()
在子进程中:调用benchcore()执行测试
向管道写入三项数据,成功次数,失败次数,字节数
在父进程中:循环clients次,从管道读入子进程的三项数据
汇总三项数据总和
打印统计结果
benchcore()函数------(在子进程中)反复发送http请求
设置信号,安装闹钟
循环,直到服务器超时
连接服务器,获取fd,更改失败次数
写入http请求,更改失败次数
对HTTP0.9版本做特殊处理
等服务器响应,反复从fd读入相应数据,累加,失败的话更改失败次数
关闭fd
更改成功次数
详细源码剖析
webbench.c
/* * (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004 * This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for * details. * * Simple forking WWW Server benchmark: * * Usage: * webbench --help * * Return codes: * 0 - sucess * 1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line) * 2 - bad param * 3 - internal error, fork failed * */ #include "socket.c" #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/param.h> #include <rpc/types.h> #include <getopt.h> #include <strings.h> #include <time.h> #include <signal.h> #define METHOD_GET 0 #define METHOD_HEAD 1 #define METHOD_OPTIONS 2 #define METHOD_TRACE 3 #define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5" #define REQUEST_SIZE 2048 /* values */ volatile int timerexpired=0;//判断压测试时长是否已经达到设定时间 int speed=0;//进程成功得到服务器相应的数量 int failed=0;//失败的数量(speed代表成功,failed代表失败) int bytes=0;//进程成功从服务器读取的字节数 /* globals */ int http10=1; /* http版本,0代表http/0.9, 1代表http/1.0, 2代表http/1.1 */ /*请求方法:GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */ int method=METHOD_GET;//默认为GET方法 int clients=1; //发起请求的客户端数目,默认为1,可以通过-c/-client选项设置 int force=0; //是否需要等待读取从server返回的数据,0表示等待读取 int force_reload=0; //是否使用缓存,1表示不缓存,0表示缓存-----是否重新请求 int proxyport=80; //代理服务器端口号 char *proxyhost=NULL;//代理服务器IP,初始化为NULL int benchtime=30; //压测时间,默认为30秒,可以通过-t/-time选项设置 /* internal */ int mypipe[2]; char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; //服务器端ip char request[REQUEST_SIZE]; //保存请求报文,(请求行,请求报头,空行,请求正文) /* struct option { const char *name; int has_arg; int *flag; int val; }; struct option结构体中元素解释如下: 1.const char *name; //选项名 2.int has_arg; //描述长选项是否有选项参数 has_arg有3个值, 符号常量 数值 含义 no_argument 0 表示该选项后面不跟参数值, required_argument 1 表示该选项后面一定跟参数值, optional_argument 2 表示该选项后面可以跟,也可以不跟参数值 3.int* flag; //用来决定,getopt_long()的返回值到底是什么, 如果flag为NULL,则函数会返回与该项option匹配的val值, 如果flag不是NULL,则将val值赋予flag所指向的内存,并且返回0 4.int val; //如果flag为NULL,那么val通常是个字符常量, 如果短选项与长选项一致,那么该字符就应该与optstring中出现的这个选项的参数相同 */ //struct option结构体初始化 static const struct option long_options[]= { {"force",no_argument,&force,1}, {"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1}, {"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'}, {"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'}, {"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'}, {"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'}, {"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'}, {"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET}, {"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD}, {"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS}, {"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE}, {"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'}, {"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'}, {"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'}, {NULL,0,NULL,0} }; /* prototypes */ static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request); static int bench(void); static void build_request(const char *url); /*信号处理函数,当测试时间完成时产生SIGALARM信号,,调用此函数,将timerexpried置为1,表示子进程需要退出 在后面的函数调用时会看到,在程序的while循环中会不断检测此值,只有timerexpired为1时,程序才会跳出while循环 并返回*/ static void alarm_handler(int signal) { timerexpired=1;//timerexpired:判断压测时长是否已经达到设定时间 } /* usage函数:webbench用法介绍 -f|--force 不需要等待服务器响应 -r|--reload 发送重新加载请求 -t|--time <sec> 运行多长时间,单位是秒 -p|--proxy <server:port> 使用代理服务器发送请求 -c|--clients <n> 创建多少个客户端 -9|--http09 使用HTTP/0.9 -1|--http10 使用HTTP/1.0协议 -2|--http11 使用HTTP/1.1协议 --get 使用GET方法请求 --head 使用HEAD方法请求 --options 使用OPTIONS方法请求 --trace 使用TRACE方法请求 -?|-h|--help 打印帮助信息 -V|--version 显示版本号 */ static void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "webbench [option]... URL\n" " -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n" " -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n" " -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n" " -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n" " -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n" " -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n" " -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n" " -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n" " --get Use GET request method.\n" " --head Use HEAD request method.\n" " --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n" " --trace Use TRACE request method.\n" " -?|-h|--help This information.\n" " -V|--version Display program version.\n" ); }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int opt=0; int options_index=0; char *tmp=NULL; if(argc==1) { usage(); return 2; } /*getopt_long函数 函数功能:用来解析命令行参数,参数argc和argv分别代表参数个数和内容,跟main函数里的命令行参数一样 int getopt_long(int argc, char* argv[], const char* optstring, const struct option* longopts, int* longindex); 参数optstring:为选项字符串,告诉getopt可以处理那个选项以及哪个选项需要参数,如果选项字符串里的字母接着冒号: ":", 则表示还有相关的参数,全局变量optarg即会指向此额外参数,如果在处理期间遇到了不符合optstring指定的其它选项, getopt将会显示一个错误消息,并将全局变量设置为"?"字符将全局变量设置为0则不会打印出错信息。 返回值:每次调用该函数,它都会分析一个选项,并且返回它的短选项,如果分析完毕,即没有选项了,则会返回-1 */ while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF ) { /* #include<unistd.h> extern char* optarg;//选项的参数指针 extern int optind; //下一次调用getopt_long时,从optind存储的位置处重新开始检查选项 extern int opterr; //当opterr=0时,getopt_long不向stderr输出错误信息 extern int optopt; //当命令行选项字符不包括在optstring中或缺少必要参数时,该选项存储在optopt中, getopt_long返回'?'*/ switch(opt) { case 0 : break; case 'f': force=1;break; case 'r': force_reload=1;break; case '9': http10=0;break; case '1': http10=1;break; case '2': http10=2;break; case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0); case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break; //optarg是选项的参数指针,-t选项后跟的是运行时长 case 'p': //返回字符'p',说明使用代理服务器 /* proxy server parsing server:port */ /*代理服务器解析:IP:Port eg: 192.168.237.128:8080 */ tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');//tmp = ":8080" proxyhost=optarg; if(tmp==NULL) { break; } if(tmp==optarg)//tmp == ":8080" == optorg 没有主机IP,只有端口号 { fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg); return 2; } if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)//org == "192.168.237.128:" == tmp, 没有代理服务器端口号 { fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg); return 2; } *tmp='\0';//正常情况 tmp = ":8080" tmp+1 = "8080" proxyport=atoi(tmp+1); break; case ':': case 'h': case '?': usage();return 2;break;//getopt_long在分析选项时,遇到一个没有定义过的选项,则返回值为'?' case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break; //这时,optarg指向的参数信息是客户端数目 } } if(optind==argc) { fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n"); usage(); return 2; } if(clients==0) clients=1; if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60; /* Copyright */ fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n""Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"); build_request(argv[optind]);//argv[optind]=URL,构造请求报头 /* print bench info */ //打印测试的相关信息 printf("\nBenchmarking: "); switch(method) { case METHOD_GET: default: printf("GET");break; case METHOD_OPTIONS: printf("OPTIONS");break; case METHOD_HEAD: printf("HEAD");break; case METHOD_TRACE: printf("TRACE");break; } printf(" %s",argv[optind]); switch(http10) { case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break; case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break; } printf("\n"); if(clients==1) printf("1 client"); else printf("%d clients",clients); printf(", running %d sec", benchtime); if(force) printf(", early socket close"); if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport); if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload"); printf(".\n"); //核心代码 return bench(); } //构造请求报头 void build_request(const char *url) { char tmp[10]; int i; /*int bzero(void* s, size_t n);将内存块(字符串s)中的前n个字节置为0,包括'\0'*/ bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN); bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE); //设置http版本信息 if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1; if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1; if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2; if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2; //获得请求方法 switch(method) { default: case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break; case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break; case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break; case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break; } strcat(request," "); if(NULL==strstr(url,"://")) { fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url); exit(2); } if(strlen(url)>1500) { fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n"); exit(2); } if(proxyhost==NULL) if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) { fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n"); exit(2); } /* protocol/host delimiter */ // eg: url = "http://www.baidu.com/" --- i = 4-0+3 = 7 这时i指向第一个w的位置 i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3; /* printf("%d\n",i); */ //此时url+i = "www.baidu.com/", 寻找'/'是否是url+i的子串,因为主机名必须以'/'结尾 if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n"); exit(2); } if(proxyhost==NULL)//没有代理主机 { /* get port from hostname */ /* index(s, c)函数返回c在s中第一次出现的位置*/ if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))//有代理主机端口号 { //eg:http://www.baidu.com/:8080 strchr(str,val)查找字符串str中首次出现val的位置 //把url+i位置开始的21-0-7=14个字符赋值给host host=www.baidu.com/ strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i); //清空tmp的前10个字节位置 bzero(tmp,10); //将端口号放到tmp中去 strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1); /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */ proxyport=atoi(tmp); //将端口号赋值给roxyport if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80; } else//没有端口号 eg: http://www.baidu.com/ { strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/")); } // printf("Host=%s\n",host); //############################################# //why here using request+strlen(request)? strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/")); } else //有代理主机 { // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport); strcat(request,url); } if(http10==1) strcat(request," HTTP/1.0"); else if (http10==2) strcat(request," HTTP/1.1"); strcat(request,"\r\n"); if(http10>0) strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n"); if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0) { strcat(request,"Host: "); strcat(request,host); strcat(request,"\r\n"); } if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL) { strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n"); } //添加Connection:close连接为短连接,一次连接即时关闭 if(http10>1) strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n"); /* add empty line at end */ //添加空行 if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n"); // printf("Req=%s\n",request); } /* vraci system rc error kod */ static int bench(void) { int i,j,k; pid_t pid=0; FILE *f; /* check avaibility of target server */ //调用socket.c代码,建立一次TCP连接 i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport); if(i<0) { fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n"); return 1; } //why close i? close(i); /* create pipe */ if(pipe(mypipe)) { perror("pipe failed."); return 3; } /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */ /* wait 4 next system clock tick */ /* cas=time(NULL); while(time(NULL)==cas) sched_yield(); */ /* fork childs */ //fork出clients个子进程 for(i=0;i<clients;i++) { pid=fork(); if(pid <= (pid_t) 0) { /* child process or error*/ sleep(1); /* make childs faster */ break; } } if( pid< (pid_t) 0) { fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i); perror("fork failed."); return 3; } if(pid== (pid_t) 0) { /* I am a child */ if(proxyhost==NULL) benchcore(host,proxyport,request); else benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request); /* write results to pipe */ //子进程把测试结果输出到管道 f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w"); if(f==NULL) { perror("open pipe for writing failed."); return 3; } /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */ fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes); fclose(f); return 0; } else//如果是父进程,从管道读出数据,并汇总数据信息 { f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r"); if(f==NULL) { perror("open pipe for reading failed."); return 3; } //设置缓冲区,_IONBF表示没有缓存 setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0); speed=0; failed=0; bytes=0; while(1) { pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k); if(pid<2) { fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n"); break; } speed+=i; failed+=j; bytes+=k; /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */ //记录读了多少个子进程的数据,读完就退出 if(--clients==0) break; } fclose(f); //将结果打印在屏幕上 printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",\ (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),\ (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),speed,failed); } return i; } void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req) { int rlen; char buf[1500];//保存服务器的响应报文 int s,i; struct sigaction sa; /* setup alarm signal handler 注册SIGARALM信号的信号处理函数*/ sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler; sa.sa_flags=0; if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL)) exit(3); alarm(benchtime); //设置闹钟,超时发送SIGARALM信号 rlen=strlen(req); //计算请求报文的长度 nexttry:while(1) { if(timerexpired)//一旦超时,则返回 { if(failed>0) { /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */ failed--; } return; } s=Socket(host,port); if(s<0) { failed++; continue; } //向服务器发出请求 if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) { failed++; close(s); continue; } if(http10==0) //针对http0.9做的特殊处理 if(shutdown(s,1)) //调用shutdown函数使客户端不能呢向服务器发送请求,成功-->0,失败-->-1 { failed++; close(s); continue; } if(force==0) //force==0 等待从server返回的数据 { /* read all available data from socket */ while(1) { if(timerexpired) break; i=read(s,buf,1500);//读取从服务器返回的数据,保存到buf中 /* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */ if(i<0) { failed++; close(s); goto nexttry; } else if(i==0) break; else bytes+=i; } } if(close(s)) { failed++; continue; } speed++; } }
Socket.c
/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $ * * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx */ /*********************************************************************** module: socket.c program: popclient SCCS ID: @(#)socket.c 1.5 4/1/94 programmer: Virginia Tech Computing Center compiler: DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1) environment: DEC Ultrix 4.3 description: UNIX sockets code. ***********************************************************************/ #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdarg.h> int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort) { int sock; unsigned long inaddr; struct sockaddr_in ad; struct hostent *hp; //初始化地址, memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad)); ad.sin_family = AF_INET; //尝试把主机名转化为数字,出错返回INADDR_NONE inaddr = inet_addr(host); if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE) memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr)); else { hp = gethostbyname(host);//获取ip地址 if (hp == NULL) return -1; memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); } ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort); //建立socket sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sock < 0) return sock; //进行连接 if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0) return -1; return sock; }