sax解析xml,验证格式并支持自定义标签

一、sax简介

  SAX是事件驱动型的XML解析方式。顺序读取XML文件,生成事件,传播到用户定义的回调方法中来处理XML文件。

  优点:

    分段处理xml,而不是将整个xml一次加载进内存,内存占用少,速度快。

  缺点:

    顺序访问,不能回退。编码复杂,需要用户把控数据结构。

 

二、使用流程

  1.创建工厂

SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

   2.设置工厂属性(可选)

saxParserFactory.setValidating(true); // 是否验证xml,默认false
saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true); // 是否展示命名空间 默认false

   3.生成解析器

SAXParser parser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();

  4.设置解析器属性(可选)

parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"); // 验证模式下必须

   5.获取XMLReader(可选)

XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();

   6.设置XMLReader属性(可选)

reader.setContentHandler(new MyDefalutHandler()); // 内容处理器
reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver()); // schama解析器
reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()); // 异常处理器

   7.解析xml文件

reader.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml");
  或者 parser.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml", new DefaultHandler());

   SAXParser和XMLReader都可以对xml进行解析,但是SAXParser将异常处理、内容处理和schema解析放到一个handler中进行重载,个人觉得职责划分不是很清晰,建议使用XMLReader。

三、常规使用代码示例

saxDemo.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
	     http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd"

	   default-autowire="byName">

	<aop:annotation-driven></aop:annotation-driven>

	<util:map key-type="java.lang.String" value-type="java.lang.String">
		<entry key="key" value="value"></entry>
	</util:map>

	<bean id="commonMap" class="java.util.HashMap">
		<constructor-arg>
			<map>
				<entry key="key" value="value"></entry>
			</map>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>
</beans>

 MyDefalutHandler

public class MyDefalutHandler extends DefaultHandler{
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("startDocument()");
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        int length = attributes.getLength();
        if (length > 0) {
            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                builder.append(attributes.getLocalName(i).trim())
                        .append(":")
                        .append(attributes.getValue(i).trim())
                        .append(" ");
            }
        }

        System.out.println(String.format("startElement uri=%s localName=%s qname=%s attributes=%s", uri, localName, qName, builder));
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        String content = new String(ch, start, length);
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {
            System.out.println("characters=" + content);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println(String.format("startElement uri=%s localName=%s qname=%s", uri, localName, qName));
    }

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("endDocument()");
    }
}

 测试类

 1 public class SaxDemo {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 3         SAXParserFactory saxParserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
 4 //        saxParserFactory.setValidating(true); // 是否验证xml,默认false
 5 //        saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true); // 是否展示命名空间 默认false
 6         SAXParser parser = saxParserFactory.newSAXParser();
 7 //        parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema");
 8         XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
 9         reader.setContentHandler(new MyDefalutHandler()); // 内容处理器
10 //        reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver()); // schama解析器
11 //        reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()); // 异常处理器
12         reader.parse(SaxDemo.class.getResource("/").getPath() + "/saxDemo.xml");
13     }
14 }

 测试结果

startDocument()
startElement uri= localName= qname=beans attributes=xmlns:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans xmlns:xsi:http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xmlns:util:http://www.springframework.org/schema/util xmlns:aop:http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache xsi:schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd default-autowire:byName 
startElement uri= localName= qname=aop:annotation-driven attributes=
startElement uri= localName= qname=aop:annotation-driven
startElement uri= localName= qname=util:map attributes=key-type:java.lang.String value-type:java.lang.String 
startElement uri= localName= qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value 
startElement uri= localName= qname=entry
startElement uri= localName= qname=util:map
startElement uri= localName= qname=bean attributes=id:commonMap class:java.util.HashMap 
startElement uri= localName= qname=constructor-arg attributes=
startElement uri= localName= qname=map attributes=
startElement uri= localName= qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value 
startElement uri= localName= qname=entry
startElement uri= localName= qname=map
startElement uri= localName= qname=constructor-arg
startElement uri= localName= qname=bean
startElement uri= localName= qname=beans
endDocument()

 结果中可以看到uri和localName都是空,而且对aop:annotation-driven之类的解析不是很友好

打开测试类saxParserFactory.setNamespaceAware(true)的注释,执行结果如下

 

startDocument()
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans attributes=schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd     http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd default-autowire:byName 
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache localName=annotation-driven qname=aop:annotation-driven attributes=
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache localName=annotation-driven qname=aop:annotation-driven
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util localName=map qname=util:map attributes=key-type:java.lang.String value-type:java.lang.String 
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value 
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/util localName=map qname=util:map
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=bean qname=bean attributes=id:commonMap class:java.util.HashMap 
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=constructor-arg qname=constructor-arg attributes=
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=map qname=map attributes=
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry attributes=key:key value:value 
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=entry qname=entry
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=map qname=map
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=constructor-arg qname=constructor-arg
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=bean qname=bean
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans
endDocument()

 四、验证xml

如果我们使用ide,得益于ide的验证插件,编写xml的时候能规避掉一部分输入错误导致的格式异常。但是如果是通过xml进行rpc调用,我们可能需要悲观的设定得到的xml并不一定是正确的,验证xml是否满足既定格式就显得十分重要了。

取消测试类的saxParserFactory.setValidating(true),开启xml验证功能。

警告: 已启用验证, 但未设置 org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler, 这可能不是预期结果。解析器将使用默认 ErrorHandler 来输出前 0 个错误。请调用 'setErrorHandler' 方法以解决此问题。
Error: URI=file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml Line=2: 文档无效: 找不到语法。
Error: URI=file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml Line=2: 文档根元素 "beans" 必须匹配 DOCTYPE 根 "null"。

 根据提示,创建一个异常处理器

public class MyErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

    @Override
    public void warning(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("------------warning------------");
        throw exception;
    }

    @Override
    public void error(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("------------error------------");
        throw exception;
    }

    @Override
    public void fatalError(SAXParseException exception) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("------------fatalError------------");
        throw exception;
    }
}

 取消测试类reader.setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler())的注释

Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:///D:/idea/springboot2/target/classes//saxDemo.xml; lineNumber: 2; columnNumber: 7; 文档无效: 找不到语法。

 还是异常!!!

出现这个问题的原因是sax不知道遵循哪个xml规范

 取消测试类parser.setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema")的注释,程序正常执行了。

 五、自定义标签

maven工程下,resources目录创建META-INF文件夹,生成2个文件:saxDemo.schemas user.xsd

saxDemo.schemas内容:

http\://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd=META-INF/user.xsd

 user.xsd内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
            xmlns="http://www.ym.com/schema/user" targetNamespace="http://www.ym.com/schema/user"
            elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xsd:element name="user">
        <xsd:complexType>
            <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:string" />
            <xsd:attribute name="userName" type="xsd:string" />
            <xsd:attribute name="email" type="xsd:string" />
        </xsd:complexType>
    </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

 修改samDemo.xml文件为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:user="http://www.ym.com/schema/user"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
	   http://www.ym.com/schema/user http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd"
	   default-autowire="byName">
	<user:user id="userTag" userName="userName" email="email"></user:user>
</beans>

 执行测试代码

------------fatalError------------
Exception in thread "main" org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd; lineNumber: 1; columnNumber: 50; 在 publicId 和 systemId 之间需要有空格。

 抛出异常

为什么spring的标签没啥问题,而我们自定义的不行呢?这是因为spring的标签可以从网络上获取,但是我们自定义的基本上都在我们本地,而且很多时候我们也不希望从网络中获取这些资源,更希望使用本地jar包中的。

EntityResolver的作用就是从本地加载标签资源,验证xml的正确性

创建MyEntityResolver从META-INF下读取资源

(代码来自spring源码org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.PluggableSchemaResolver,删除了所有日志的内容)

public class MyEntityResolver implements EntityResolver {

    private volatile Map<String, String> schemaMappings;
    private final String schemaMappingsLocation = "META-INF/saxDemo.schemas";
    @Override
    public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId) throws SAXException, IOException {
        if (systemId != null) {
            String resourceLocation = getSchemaMappings().get(systemId);
            if (resourceLocation != null) {
                Resource resource = new ClassPathResource(resourceLocation, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
                try {
                    InputSource source = new InputSource(resource.getInputStream());
                    source.setPublicId(publicId);
                    source.setSystemId(systemId);return source;
                }
                catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private Map<String, String> getSchemaMappings() {
        Map<String, String> schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings;
        if (schemaMappings == null) {
            synchronized (this) {
                schemaMappings = this.schemaMappings;
                if (schemaMappings == null) {try {
                        Properties mappings = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties(this.schemaMappingsLocation, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
                        Map<String, String> mappingsToUse = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(mappings.size());
                        CollectionUtils.mergePropertiesIntoMap(mappings, mappingsToUse);
                        schemaMappings = mappingsToUse;
                        this.schemaMappings = schemaMappings;
                    }
                    catch (IOException ex) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to load schema mappings from location [" + this.schemaMappingsLocation + "]", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return schemaMappings;
    }
}

现在打开测试代码reader.setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver())的注释

startDocument()
23:23:53.832 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Loading schema mappings from [META-INF/saxDemo.schemas]
23:23:53.839 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Loaded schema mappings: {http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd=META-INF/user.xsd}
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans attributes=schemaLocation:http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.ym.com/schema/user http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd default-autowire:byName default-lazy-init:default default-merge:default 
23:23:54.614 [main] DEBUG com.ym.xml.MyEntityResolver - Found XML schema [http://www.ym.com/schema/user.xsd] in classpath: META-INF/user.xsd
startElement uri=http://www.ym.com/schema/user localName=user qname=user:user attributes=id:userTag userName:userName email:email 
startElement uri=http://www.ym.com/schema/user localName=user qname=user:user
startElement uri=http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans localName=beans qname=beans
endDocument()

 七、总结

  本文介绍了sax的基本概念、调用流程、常用的使用方式。

  saxParserFactory.setValidating(true) 开启验证功能

  setNamespaceAware(true) 生成详细的事件记录

  setProperty("http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema") 使用xsd验证规则

  setEntityResolver(new MyEntityResolver())  使用自定义标签

  setErrorHandler(new MyErrorHandler()) 自定义异常处理

  

  

 

 

 

 

 

  

  

posted @ 2018-04-25 22:41  一粒沙的世界  阅读(896)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报